Evaluasi Rasionalitas dan Efektifitas Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Pneumonia Pediatrik di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Pusat Jawa Tengah

Pneumonia is a respiratory infections disease are caused by bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic pathogens that cause deaths in children, especially toddlers and increasing number incidents per year. Treatment of pneumonia treated with antibiotics rational and effective because can improve clinical therapeutic effects, minimize drug toxicity, reduce the incidence of resistance that leads to treatment failure, and more economically. The purpose of this study are to determine the rationale and effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. This study was an observational study with retrospective data retrieval using medical record data of pediatric patients diagnosed pneumonia in center hospital, Central Java. The results of 90 cases studied were 60% of patients treated with single antibiotics and 40% of patients treated with combination antibiotics. The most antibiotics given in single therapy were ampicillin (22,2%), amoxicillin (16,7%), and ceftriaxone (15,6%). While antibiotics in combination therapy was ampicillin with gentamicin 31.2%. rationality result analysis was: right indication 100%; proper patients 100%; appropriate medicines 72,2%; appropriate dose 9,23% and rational antibiotics 6,67%. Giving antibiotics ampicillin with gentamycin effective in eradicating bacteria this could be seen with temperature and leukocyte rate down, antibiotics did not improve on symptoms of patients.

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Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05996-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Lei ◽

Lisong Yang ◽

Cheong Tat Lou ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Kin Ian SiTou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Viral Etiology ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

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Impact of Hyponatremia on Clinical Presentation and Management in Pediatric Patients with lower Respiratory Infections

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research ◽

10.18535/jmscr/v7i6.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Dr Tejinder Singh ◽

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Respiratory Infections

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Investigation of early antibiotic use in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Biomedical Chromatography ◽

10.1002/bmc.4699 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pham Van Toi ◽

Khanh V. Doan ◽

Ngo Ngọc Quang Minh ◽

Pham Nguyen Phuong ◽

Menno D. Jong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections

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Metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pediatric patients with respiratory failure

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49372-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Suguru Takeuchi ◽

Jun-ichi Kawada ◽

Kazuhiro Horiba ◽

Yusuke Okuno ◽

Toshihiko Okumura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Failure ◽

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Next Generation ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been applied in the field of infectious diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is considered a sterile type of specimen that is suitable for detecting pathogens of respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to comprehensively identify causative pathogens using NGS in BALF samples from immunocompetent pediatric patients with respiratory failure. Ten patients hospitalized with respiratory failure were included. BALF samples obtained in the acute phase were used to prepare DNA- and RNA-sequencing libraries. The libraries were sequenced on MiSeq, and the sequence data were analyzed using metagenome analysis tools. A mean of 2,041,216 total reads were sequenced for each library. Significant bacterial or viral sequencing reads were detected in eight of the 10 patients. Furthermore, candidate pathogens were detected in three patients in whom etiologic agents were not identified by conventional methods. The complete genome of enterovirus D68 was identified in two patients, and phylogenetic analysis suggested that both strains belong to subclade B3, which is an epidemic strain that has spread worldwide in recent years. Our results suggest that NGS can be applied for comprehensive molecular diagnostics as well as surveillance of pathogens in BALF from patients with respiratory infection.

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Impact of antimicrobial stewardship fee on prescribing for Japanese pediatric patients with upper respiratory infections

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-020-05288-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yuichi Muraki ◽

Yoshiki Kusama ◽

Masaki Tanabe ◽

Kayoko Hayakawa ◽

Yoshiaki Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory

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1958. Assessment of Guideline-Concordant Antimicrobial Prescribing in Urgent Care Centers

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz359.135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S62-S62

Author(s):

Janet Wu ◽

Kaitlyn R Rivard ◽

Elizabeth A Neuner ◽

Vasilios Athans ◽

Camille Sabella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Bronchitis ◽

The United States ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Urgent Care ◽

Antimicrobial Prescribing ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Urgent Care Centers

Abstract Background In the United States in 2014, 266 million outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were dispensed. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 30% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriate. These inappropriate prescriptions contribute to increased resistance, adverse events, and healthcare costs. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients presenting to 22 urgent care centers within a large healthcare system between September 1, 2018 and February 28, 2019. Data were collected from a dashboard designed to track antimicrobial prescribing data by indication, location, and provider. ICD-9 and -10 codes associated with otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, cystitis, and upper respiratory infections (URI) were included. Guideline-concordant antimicrobial prescribing was determined based on compliance with national guideline recommendations, after taking patient allergies into account. The URI category includes disease states in which antimicrobials are rarely appropriate (e.g., acute rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, and acute bronchitis). Results A total of 57,799 encounters were included in this analysis (19,242 pediatric and 38,557 adult) and 60% of patients received an antibiotic prescription. Overall antimicrobial guideline concordance was higher in pediatrics (84%) than adults (62%). Rates of guideline-concordant antimicrobial selection are shown in Table 1. The most common guideline-discordant prescriptions were tetracyclines (39%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (26%), and macrolides (17%) in adult patients with sinusitis, pharyngitis, or otitis media. In pediatric patients, the most common discordant prescriptions were macrolides (32%), third-generation cephalosporins (30%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (19%). Unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing for URI occurred in 23% of pediatric patients and 36% of adult patients. Conclusion Guideline-discordant antimicrobial prescribing is common in urgent care centers, particularly in adult patients. In addition to encouraging utilization of order sets, emphasis on education and feedback may be important to improve and sustain guideline-concordant prescribing rates and reduce prescribing for URI. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

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COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CO-INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL OR IN PRIMARY CARE HEALTHCARE

10.26226/morressier.5ad774dcd462b80296ca66fb ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Federico Martinón Torres

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Comparison And Analysis ◽

The Impact

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Encephalitis with autoimmune disease in pediatric patients General X Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia: a case report study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1987

Author(s):

Giri Susilo Adi ◽

Wiwi Kustio Priliana ◽

Etik Pratiwi ◽

Anisa Guntias Nurzulaekha

Keyword(s):

Nursing Care ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽

Care Process ◽

Drug Management ◽

Central Java ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Brain Parenchymal ◽

One Year

Encephalitis is an infection of brain parenchymal tissue by various microorganisms. In encephalitis inflammation of brain tissue occurs. The purpose of this case study is to introduce the case of encephalitis and nursing care that occurs in children, especially in the area of Central Java as one area in Indonesia. This is a case study; the case was taken from a case of managed patient in the X central hospital. Patient management is carried out for 3 days. A 7 years old pediatric patient coming from neurology poly. One year before the hospital, the child had a seizure of GTC with a duration of 6 hours, was unconscious and then taken to the general hospital after the seizure the child appeared to be hyperactive and had no eye contact. Six months before being admitted to the hospital, the child was taken to the RSA then blood tested and a positive CMV check was performed. The child is then managed as autoimmune encephalitis. nurses perform nursing care for 7 days. Families understand more about the care process in children with encephalitis, especially in terms of infection problems, growth and development, the risk of falls, and drug management. be at home later.

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ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA PADA PASIEN ANAK DEMAM TIFOID DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA MANADO

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Agatha Agnes ◽

Gayatri Citraningtyas ◽

Sri Sudewi

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Typhoid Fever ◽

Incremental Cost ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽

Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽

Effectiveness Analysis ◽

Record Data

ABSTRACT Typhoid fever is an endemic disease which it incidence rate is still high in Indonesian. Administering antibiotic therapy can do treatment of typhoid fever. This study was conducted since there are several pediatric patients diagnosed with typhoid fever but have different antibiotic therapies, namely cefotaxime and ceftriaxone therapy, so it is necessary to do calculations to determine the comparison and determine which treatment is more efficient in cost and effectiveness. The method used in this study is CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis) with the design of retrieving medical record data of children with typhoid fever in Bhayangkara Manado Hospital retrospectively from January to December 2018. The samples obtained were 28 pediatric patients, cinsisting of 12 patients using cefotaxime therapy and 16 patients using ceftriaxone therapy. The result of ACER (An Avarage Cost Effective Ratio) obtained by ceftriaxone were Rp. 526.609,-/day and cefotaxime Rp. 484.789,-/day. In this study, if patients under cefotaxime therapy want to swich treatment to ceftriaxone therapy, ICER calculation (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) is carried out the result are Rp.340.528,-. Keyword: Typhoid fever, Antibiotics, CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis) ABSTRAK Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit endemik yang angka kejadiannya masih tinggi di Indonesia. Pengobatan demam tifoid dapat diobati dengan cara pemberian terapi antibiotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena ada beberapa pasien anak yang di diagnosa demam tifoid tetapi memiliki terapi antibiotik yang berbeda, yaitu terapi sefotaksim dan seftriakson sehingga perlu dilakukan perhitungan untuk mengetahui perbandingan dan menentukan pemilihan pengobatan mana yang lebih efisien dalam biaya maupun efektivitas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis) dengan rancangan pengambilan data rekam medik pasien anak demam tifoid di RS. Bhayangkara Manado secara retrospektif pada periode Januari – Desember 2018. Sampel yang didapat sebanyak 28 pasien anak, yang terdiri dari 12 pasien pengguna terapi sefotaksim dan 16 pasien pengguna terapi seftriakson. Hasil ACER (An Avarage Cost Effective Ratio) yang diperoleh sefotaksim Rp.526.609,-/hari dan seftriakson Rp.484.789,-/hari. Pada penelitian ini jika pasien terapi sefotaksim ingin berpindah pengobatan ke terapi seftriakson maka dilakukan perhitungan ICER (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) dan didapat hasil Rp.340.582,-, sehingga jika ingin berpindah pengobatan maka perlu penambahan biaya sesuai nilaI ICER.Kata Kunci : Demam Tifoid, Antibiotik, CEA (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis).

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