scholarly journals C9 Fraction inverse emulsion oligomerization conditions and characteristics of petroleum resins correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
R. О. Subtelnyi ◽  
◽  
D. B. Kichura ◽  
R. R. Kostiuk ◽  
A. A. Danyliv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Inverse Emulsion ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid ◽  
Fuel Pyrolysis ◽  
By Products ◽  
Emulsifier Concentration

It has been studied the production of petroleum resins by low-temperature inverse emulsion oligomerization of C9 fraction of diesel fuel pyrolysis liquid by-products. It is established that the determining factors of the C9 fraction of the inverse emulsion oligomerization are the following: reaction time, emulsifier concentration and phase ratio. Yield and physicochemical characteristics of oligomers сorrelations were established. Multiple linear regression of oligomer yield depends on the main significant parameters of the fraction C9 inverse emulsion oligomerization is proposed.

Reaction Time, Agility, Equilibrium, and Kinesio-Perceptual Matching as Predictors of Intelligence

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Sommers ◽  
Lee M. Joiner ◽  
Laurence E. Holt ◽  
J. C. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Developmental Validation ◽  
Perceptual Matching

The study was designed to determine the predictive validity of 5 kinesio-perceptual (KP) items (dynamic equilibrium, reaction time, agility, static equilibrium, and KP matching) contained in a test battery (KPT) administered to 120 institutionalized retarded children, chronological ages (CA) 8 to 20 yr. When multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (IQ) the multiple correlation was .75 ( R2 = .57, p = .001). Knowledge of CA and sex added only 1% to the total amount of IQ variance accounted for. A brief discussion of the conflict between the goals of developmental validation and prediction of intellective criteria was also presented.

Diastereoselective Addition of α-Metalated Sulfoxides to Imines Revisited: Mechanism, Computational Studies, and the Effect of External Chiral Ligands

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Pedersen ◽  
Tobias Rein ◽  
Inger Søtofte ◽  
Per-Ola Norrby ◽  
David Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Chiral Ligands ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Kinetic Control ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Calculations ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Diastereoselective Addition

Some new results on asymmetric synthesis via the addition of α-metalated methyl tolyl sulfoxides to imines are presented. Good diastereoselectivity (up to >98% d.e. for product 3g) can be obtained under conditions of kinetic control (short reaction time, low temperature). The transition state (a six-membered "flat chair") was probed by quantum mechanical calculations, which underpinned the idea of using external chiral ligands to enhance the diastereoselectivity of otherwise moderately selective reactions. In this way, the diastereomeric ratio of the product 3a could be raised from (84:16) to (>99:1) by use of a readily available C2-symmetric bis(sulfonamide) ligand.

scholarly journals Determining Factors of Fraud in Local Government

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sukhemi Sukhemi ◽  
Indah Ayu Arum Sari ◽  
Inayat Hanum Indriati
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Accounting Rules ◽  
Independent Variable

The objectives of this research are to analyze determining factors of fraud in local government. This study used internal control effectiveness, compliance with accounting rules, compensation compliance, and unethical behavior as an independent variable, while fraud as the dependent variable. The research was conducted at Bantul local government (OPD). The sample of this research were 86 respondents. The sample uses a purposive sampling method. The respondent data is analyzed with multiple linear regression. The results showed: Internal control effectiveness has an impact on fraud. Compliance with accounting rules does not affect fraud. Compensations compliance does not affect fraud. Unethical behavior has an impact on fraud.

Effect of silver nanoparticles and chlorine reaction time on the regulated and emerging disinfection by-products formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 118400
Author(s):  
Warangkana Na-Phatthalung ◽  
Dararat Keaonaborn ◽  
Juthamas Jaichuedee ◽  
Suthiwan Keawchouy ◽  
Suthatip Sinyoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Chlorine Reaction ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Rheological Properties and Microscopic Characterization of Asphalt Rubbers Containing Heterogeneous Crumb Rubbers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfeng Chang ◽  
Yixing Zhang ◽  
Jianzhong Pei ◽  
Jiupeng Zhang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

Asphalt rubbers mixed with untreated and plasticized crumb rubbers and a compounding coupling agent were investigated in this study. The low-temperature rheological properties of asphalt rubbers at different aging levels were tested using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). An interconversion between linear viscoelastic material functions was used to obtain converted evaluation indexes for the asphalt rubbers at low temperatures. Lastly, the physicochemical characteristics and the microscopic morphology of the asphalt rubbers were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In conclusion, the storage moduli of the asphalt rubbers containing heterogeneous crumb rubbers increased with the plasticized crumb rubber content and the aging level. The converted relaxation moduli were consistent with the change trend of the storage moduli, and the relaxation rate decreased as the plasticized crumb rubber content and the aging level increased. The process of mixing the base asphalt with crumb and plasticized crumb rubbers was physical blending, and the effect of aging on the absorption peak change of asphalt rubber with plasticized crumb rubbers was less than that of asphalt rubber with ordinary crumb rubbers. Aging deteriorated the blending between the crumb rubber and the base asphalt, and a distinct interface appeared between the crumb rubber and the base asphalt. The particle cores of the plasticized crumb rubber in the asphalt rubber were difficult to maintain. Furthermore, as the plasticized crumb rubber content increased, more fine particles stripped off the plasticized crumb rubber after aging.

scholarly journals Activation of Soluble Polysaccharides with 1-Cyano-4-Dimethylaminopyridine Tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) for Use in Protein–Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines and Immunological Reagents. III Optimization of CDAP Activation

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Andrew Lees ◽  
Jackson F. Barr ◽  
Samson Gebretnsae
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Maximal Activation ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level

CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridine tetrafluoroborate) is employed in the synthesis of conjugate vaccines as a cyanylating reagent. In the published method, which used pH 9 activation at 20 °C (Vaccine, 14:190, 1996), the rapid reaction made the process difficult to control. Here, we describe optimizing CDAP activation using dextran as a model polysaccharide. CDAP stability and reactivity were determined as a function of time, pH and temperature. While the rate of dextran activation was slower at lower pH and temperature, it was balanced by the increased stability of CDAP, which left more reagent available for reaction. Whereas maximal activation took less than 2.5 min at pH 9 and 20 °C, it took 10–15 min at 0 °C. At pH 7 and 0 °C, the optimal time increased to >3 h to achieve a high level of activation. Many buffers interfered with CDAP activation, but DMAP could be used to preadjust the pH of polysaccharide solutions so that the pH only needed to be maintained. We found that the stability of the activated dextran was relatively independent of pH over the range of pH 1–9, with the level of activation decreased by 40–60% over 2 h. The use of low temperature and a less basic pH, with an optimum reaction time, requires less CDAP, improving activation levels while making the process more reliable and easier to scale up.

scholarly journals Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposits as a Possible Source for Critical Elements: The Eureka Mine Case, Castell-Estaó, Catalonia

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montgarri Castillo-Oliver ◽  
Joan Carles Melgarejo ◽  
Lisard Torró ◽  
Cristina Villanova-de-Benavent ◽  
Marc Campeny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Uranium Deposits ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
By Products ◽  
Red Bed

The Eureka deposit in Castell-estaó in the Catalan Pyrenees is a Cu–U–V deposit, hosted by Triassic red-bed sandstones, and classified here as a low-temperature, sandstone-hosted stratabound metamorphite U deposit. The main mineralisation is stratabound, related to coal-bearing units and produced during the Alpine deformation by migration of hydrothermal fluids. In this stage, the original sedimentary and diagenetic components (quartz and calcite, micas, hematite and locally apatite) were replaced by a complex sequence of roscoelite, fine-grained REE phosphates, sulphides and Ni–Co arsenides and sulpharsenides, Ag–Pb selenides, bismuth phases, sulphosalts and uraninite. The black shales of the Silurian sediments underlying the deposit and the nearby Carboniferous volcanoclastic rocks are interpreted as the source of the redox-sensitive elements concentrated in Eureka. The sulphur source is related to leaching of the evaporitic Keuper facies. The REE transport would be facilitated by SO4-rich solutions. The reduction of these solutions by interaction with organic matter resulted in the widespread precipitation of REE and redox-sensitive elements, including many critical metals (V, Bi, Sb, Co), whereas barite precipitated in the oxidized domains. The occurrence of similar enrichments in critical elements can be expected in other similar large uranium deposits, which could be a source of these elements as by-products.

Optimizing determination of plasma albumin by the bromcresol green dye-binding method.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W S Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract Some modifications of the conditions of the reaction between plasma and bromcresol green have led to an improved method for determination of plasma albumin with the Vickers M300 multichannel analyzer. Dye concentration and reaction time are the factors principally influencing method specificity, but variable protein composition of human plasma also affects it, so that optimal reaction conditions vary from specimen to specimen. Thus a compromise must be reached such that the best conditions for determining plasma albumin over a range of different protein concentrations are achieved. In the proposed method for the Vickers M300 a reaction time of 12 s (the minimum possible) is used. Comparison with "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis gave the following linear regression: y = 10 + 0.79 x (n = 91; r = 0.96).

scholarly journals Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Methane with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma of Low Frequency

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ciesielska ◽  
Wojciech Ciesielski ◽  
Karen Khachatryan ◽  
Henryk Koloczek ◽  
Damian Kulawik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Glow Plasma

Our former studies delivered a strong evidence that water indirectly treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency (GP) changed its structure depending on the atmosphere in which such treatment was performed (air, ammonia, and nitrogen) and on the time of the treatment (0 to 120 min). In every case, water of different physicochemical characteristics and interesting biological functions was produced. Therefore, the relevant studies were extended to treating deionized water with GP under methane. The resulting samples were characterized by means of ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS), Fourier transformation infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), electron spin resonance (ESR) and Raman spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry, pH, conductivity, and refractive index. The generated samples of water had entirely different physicochemical properties from those recorded for water treated with GP in the air and under both ammonia and nitrogen. The treatment of water with GP under methane did not produce clathrates hosting methane molecules. Thermogravimetry delivered an evidence that the treatment with GP increased the aqueous solubility of methane. That solubility non-linearly changed against the treatment time.

Study on Synthesis of the High Aspect Ratios Nesquehonite Whiskers

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ke Yan ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yu Juan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Whisker Length ◽  
Aqueous Solution Method

In this paper, nesquehonite whiskers were synthesized by low-temperature aqueous solution method, and the impacts of reaction temperature, reaction time and surfactant dosage and other factors on the maximum whisker length and high aspect ratios of nesquehonite whiskers were also investigated. Results showed that under the conditions that the reaction temperature was 40 – 50 °C the reaction time was 50 – 60min and the amount of surfactant dosage was 1% (by mass), high aspect ratios nesquehonite whisker products can be synthesized. On this basis, growth mechanism of the nesquehonite whiskers was discussed.

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