scholarly journals Foreign trade relations between Ukraine and China: main directions of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Zoryana Dvulit ◽  
◽  
Yulia Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
Seeds And Fruits

The article is devoted to the problems of developing foreign trade relations between Ukraine and China, as China ranks first in terms of trade among other trade partners of Ukraine. The article analyzes the reasons for China's interest in Ukraine and possible benefits for our country. The countries' export, import, foreign trade turnover, and foreign trade balance indicators are studied. The calculated indicators allowed us to state a positive trade balance for most goods, which indicates the advantage of exports over imports. The growth rates of exports and imports for the main product groups are calculated. It is concluded that the dynamics of international trade for ferrous metals, seeds, and fruits export growth rates are the highest, and electric machines and flour products - the lowest. The necessity of direct investments for further development in all spheres of the economy is substantiated. The structure of investment cooperation between Ukraine and China is analyzed, and conclusions are made about the number of direct investments coming from China. Based on the research and study of literature sources on the selected topic, the following conclusions were drawn on the prospects of foreign trade relations between China and Ukraine: it is advisable to study in detail the development of China's interests to adjust Ukraine's export policy to revive cooperation partners of Ukraine; as for the Ukrainian-Chinese trade relations, the following product groups have particular prospects for development: already positive in the foreign trade balance (corn, soybeans, barley, dairy products, honey), negative in the foreign trade balance (poultry, pork, fruits, vegetables) ) and products that do not require special state permits (sunflower oil and a wide range of food products). It is expedient to develop bilateral relations in mutually beneficial areas for both countries; there is a positive trade balance for most goods. For ferrous metals, seeds, and fruits, the export growth rates are the highest. For electric machines and flour products - the lowest, we need to emphasize the stabilization of exports of commodity groups, where export growth has increased. Ukraine needs to make tremendous efforts to join the «One Belt, One Road» initiative as a participant: because our country is only a watchdog. Also, you need to show more initiative and declare your desire to join the project «16 + 1»

scholarly journals Extracting Trading Locus: Where we are in Indo-Nepal Trade?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Khom Raj Kharel ◽  
Dhan Raj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Import Trade

Nepal and India have had trade relations since time immemorial. Nepal was known as an exporting nation in the ancient times. Before the trade agreement between Nepal-Britain Treaty in1923, Nepal's trade with India was more than 95 percent. Despite various treaties and agreements between Nepal and India, Nepal's trade with India now accounts for around 65 percent of total trade. Despite the trade and mutual relations between Nepal and India, India has been treating Nepal on the basis of benefits. In different time periods, India has been creating problems in trade and transit, contrary to international norms and trade and transit treaties, under various pretexts. The objective of this paper is to review of Indo-Nepal trade and transit treaties and analyzing the present status. Descritptive and analytical research design is applied and simple statistical tools are used to analyze the growth and direction of foreign trade of Nepal. Linear regression model is applied to measure the total trade with India and total volume of foreign trade of Nepal. This study has found that there has been significant contribution of total trade with India to the total volume of foreign trade of Nepal. The import trade of Nepal with India is extremely high in comparison to export trade and total trade balance and trade balance with India has been increasing with a huge deficit.

scholarly journals The analysis of foreign economic activity of agricultural producers of the southern federal district

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 01064
Author(s):  
Andrey Udalov ◽  
Zoya Udalova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Federal District ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

The article presents an analysis of the foreign economic activity of agricultural producers in the Southern Federal District. The general results of foreign trade of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Southern Federal District are considered. The general characteristic of the foreign trade activity of the Southern Federal District is provided, providing for an assessment of the value volumes and per capita indicators of export and import, foreign trade turnover, and the balance of foreign trade balance.

AZERBAIJAN FOREIGN TRADE AFTER INDEPENDENCE AND THE DIMENSION OF COMMERCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND AZERBAIJAN IN RECENT YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Özlem SÖKMEN GÜRÇAM
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Declaring its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan faced many economic, financial and political problems, but since 1995 the country has grown substantially. The most important economic power in the country is on oil, natural gas and suitable agricultural lands. After Azerbaijan gained its independence, it started to search for markets and headed for foreign trade and in this way continued its dependence in the region. In the first years of its independence, a significant share of the country's foreign trade was with the Commonwealth of Independent States. In foreign trade, the country has an important share, especially in terms of oil and natural gas exports. Since Azerbaijan exports more than its imports every year, it is a country that gives a surplus in foreign trade balance. Turkey was the first country that accepts the independence of Azerbaijan. Declared the independence of Azerbaijan and Turkey should accept the independence of both political and economic issues of both countries have shown they are friendly. Current conjuncture in Turkey and Azerbaijan as a nation they were two brothers and two friendly states with state motto always wished they bring. It was first represented as Consulate and the Embassy of Azerbaijan in Turkey. Also at the same time, economic relations and trade relations have kept alive only Azerbaijan political relations with Turkey aimed at animation. For this reason, the two countries have signed a Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement. Trade relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan still maintains its sustainability today. This study examines the foreign trade of Azerbaijan's economy in the coming period and the course has a very significant share of the Azerbaijan foreign trade with Turkey until today. Keywords: Foreign Trade, Export, Import, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

scholarly journals Contemporary Peculiarities and Prospects for the Development of Russian Foreign Trade Cooperation with Mongolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-639
Author(s):  
Yakov Sukhodolov ◽  
Avirmed Davaasuren ◽  
Alexei Manzhigeev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

Russia attaches great importance to the development of cooperation with the Asia-Pacific region, which is one of the centers of world economic development. These countries include Mongolia. Russian-Mongolian relations are based on a long-term history of good neighborly relations and traditionally have a multidimensional nature. The article discusses the main aspects of Russian-Mongolian foreign trade relations based on the analysis of the dynamics of foreign trade turnover in bilateral trade and commodity structure. Currently, there is a decline in foreign trade cooperation between the countries. The article also touches upon the monostructural nature of trade between the two countries, which is very vulnerable. The national interests of Russia and Mongolia in the Russia - Mongolia - China triangle are acquiring special relevance and importance in modern conditions. The intensification of trade, economic and investment relations between Russia and Mongolia is possible through the implementation of joint projects in the mining and processing industries, modernization of infrastructure and development of tourism.

scholarly journals Foreign trade relations of the European Union: transformations for the first 20 years of the XXI century (2001—2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
I. S. Gladkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
First Time

The most important changes in the dynamics of foreign trade turnover of the European Union, as the leading collective subject of modern international trade, are considered for the first time during the first two decades of the XXI century. The shifts in the positions of the European Union in the system of global commodity exchange in the context of the changing numerical composition of the grouping are shown. The trends in the geographical structure of the EU’s export-import activities outside the bloc, including foreign trade relations with the Russian Federation, are analyzed. The main changes in the commodity composition of export and import of products outside of this integration association are revealed. The conclusions are drawn that, despite the large-scale challenges and crises that have manifested themselves over the twenty-year period, the European Union has managed to maintain a leading position in global trade thanks to its wellthought- out and flexible foreign trade policy. The methodology of comparative and statistical analysis is used on the basis of the latest statistical materials, a number of official and numerous calculated author’s data introduced into Russian scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of Russia: trends at the stage of the general crisis (2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
I.S. Gladkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
First Time

The author examines new trends in the dynamics of foreign trade relations of Russia during the pandemic of 2020, which played a kind of «black swan» in relation to the world economic evolution: the processes of turbulence, which increased in the previous period of development of the world economy and modern international trade, continued in the mechanisms of deployment of a global crisis in 2020 in the context of the introduction of a full lockdown in many countries; this was reflected in the downward trend in prices for fuel and energy group goods, which are very important for domestic exports. The article shows the shifts in Russia’s foreign trade turnover provoked by the crisis. The study used the methodology of comparative and statistical analysis based on the latest statistical materials, as well as a number of official calculations, introduced into the Russian scientific turnover for the first time.

scholarly journals Estimating Prospects of Russian Foreign Trade under Crisis: Sanctions and Countersanctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
D.V. Manushin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
The Impact

Based on econometric modeling, we proved the good relationship between foreign trade turnover and trade balance with the GDP of the Russian Federation. We identified the varying opinions of the Russian and foreign scholars on the impact of sanctions and countersanctions on the Russian economy. Based on the data on the absolute values of the trade turnover, export, import, and trade balance of Russia from 2010 to 2018, we revealed the positive dynamics of these indices, despite their negative values in 2014-2016. This allowed making a conclusion that the overall results of imposing sanctions and countersanctions for the Russian trade turnover and trade balance is rather positive than negative. This refutes the statements of western politicians, representatives of their subordinate international organizations, and some Russian and foreign scholars about the definitely negative role of sanctions and countersanctions. As a result, it is proposed to review the prospects of imposing additional countersanctions on western countries, which would allow developing the non-food sectors of the Russian economy.

scholarly journals Management of innovation development: critical evaluation of the international economic relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Ilkin Adil Huseynov ◽  
Tetiana Illiashenko ◽  
Ieva Petroke
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

The problem of the geopolitical stability of the country has always been the basis of sustainable economic development. CIS countries and their closest neighbours are the international centres where important transport and communication routes from Asia to Europe intersect. They have a wide range of various raw material reserves, which focuses the world community's attention and builds a separate vector of economic relations. The transformation processes that have taken place in recent years in countries have been due to scientific and technological progress, the intensity of global innovation, and globalization trends, which encourage the country to move to a new level of development. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of CIS countries' international economic position in the formation of the basis for innovative development. The main purpose of the study is to confirm the hypothesis about the functional links between foreign trade and investment activities of countries and the level of innovative development of the country according to the level of economical development. The study's methodological tools were the methods of correlation-regression analysis and simultaneous structural equations, which allow formalizing both explicit and latent relationships between the studied objects. The study period was chosen from 2011 to 2018 because of statistical data availability. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of regressors which identify the level of innovation development countries and three dependent variables (regressands) which indicate the dynamics of foreign trade turnover, doing business and total internal economic conditions. Besides, the variables from each defined block participate as both dependent and independent variables during the construction of the structural model. The results of the study could be useful for The Innovation Agencies, which are established under the Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies of these countries that assist local business entities in acquiring modern technologies and technological solutions

scholarly journals The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins in Export Growth of Turkey to Central and Eastern European Countries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins

In the recent years, Central and Eastern Europe Countries-10 (CEEC-10) countries are implementing policies for developing in international trade relations and these countries are relatively small and open economies. On the other hand, they increase both provide a dynamic increase in exports and export market share, to facilitate the European Union (EU) and their activities to integrate into world trade. The purpose of this study, with CEEC-10 of Turkey’s sectoral export growth rates decomposes into extensive and intensive margins. Also intensive margin decomposes into price and quantity components. By building on the methodology pioneered by Feenstra (1994) and Hummels and Klenow (2005) and then “the decomposition of export growth rates” method developed by Bingzhan (2011). Intensive margin is the growth in products that were exported in both periods. Extensive margin is the growth in product variety or new trade partners. In the empirical part of the study were used the BACI international trade database from CEPII. The database provides the export values and quantities for Turkey to CEEC-10 at the Harmonized System’s (HS96) six-digit level over period 2006 to 2013. Foreign trade activities of countries is an important channel both to gain of international qualification and to the realization of economic growths and/ or in terms of sustainability of the current growth rates. According to results of a study, with CEEC-10 Turkey’s export is mainly explained generally by the quantity growth rather than price growth. In other words, export growth carries with the low added value product.

scholarly journals Zmiany w polskim handlu zagranicznym produktami rolno spożywczymi z Federacją Rosyjską w latach 2006-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Iwona Batyk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
Changes Over Time

The aim of the article is to identify the most important changes in Polish foreign trade in agri-food products with the Russian Federation in the years 2006-2015. To verify these shifts, changes over time and the structure of foreign trade in agri-food products in 2006-2015 were analyzed. The value of Poland's foreign trade turnover with Russia, the turnover balance and the share of agri-food products in trade were presented. The value of imports and exports in the categories of agri-food product groups and the dynamics of the import and export of agri-food products was also presented. The article is the result of the analysis of literature and statistical studies. Data from the Statistical Yearbook of Foreign Trade was used. Trade exchange of agri-food products is characterized by an advantage of exports from Poland to Russia. The value of trading these products was reduced after the restrictions of the Russian Federation in 2014 on the import of these products from the EU. The dynamics of exports to Russia were dependent on the category of products. The most significant changes were related to products of plant and animal origin, because their exports depended on trade barriers resulting from the geopolitical situation. To improve Polish-Russian economic and trade relations, Russia must accept EU standards for the production and veterinary and phytosanitary certification of agri-food products.

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