Conclusion
This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. Examining literature and social media, activism and politics, the book identified a techno-archaic portal, breaching the narrative of modernity. The role of the Internet as “public sphere”—a utopian framework that promised an open and nonhierarchal encounter with the other—has given way to pre-Islamic raids and sophisticated hacks, trolling and attack that come from the present and a fantasized past, and jinn-like seers and narrators of akhbār. Both the Internet and the subject of modernity are leaking, unable to contain their enlightenment and liberal narratives, or to control the gushing from a dimension that lies beyond. This leaking is not a techno-salvation, but creates the possibility of change that also involves dangerous processes and openings that risk engulfing authors and activists.