scholarly journals СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ С ГЛАГОЛАМИ ДВОЙНОЙ КАУЗАЦИИ В БУРЯТСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dadueva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Language System ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Agglutinative Languages ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Morphological Expression ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Second Degree ◽  
Causative Verbs ◽  
Formal Features

Каузативность – функционально-семантическая категория, находящая реализацию на разных уровнях языковой системы. Каузативация является здесь одной из самых продуктивных дериваций. Каузативные маркеры могут присоединяться как к непроизводным основам, так и к производным. В статье показано, что довольно часто в бурятском языке встречается двойное маркирование каузативных глаголов – двойная каузация, которая свойственна агглютинативным языкам. Основной целью данной статьи является исследование семантических особенностей явления двойной каузации в бурятском языке. В задачи входит рассмотрение формальных признаков глаголов с двойной каузацией, анализ их семантических и функциональных особенностей. Так, исследование показало, что в образовании глаголов двойной каузации в бурятском языке участвуют продуктивные суффиксы -уул и -лга. Другие аффиксы в образовании второй степени каузации не участвуют. Также выявлено, что большее распространение здесь имеет порядок присоединения аффиксов, при котором не дублируются одни и те же аффиксы, а присоединяются новые, при этом непродуктивные суффиксы всегда предшествуют продуктивным. В семантическом плане двойная каузация в бурятском языке указывает на многочисленность отдельных участников каузативной ситуации, которая предполагает выражение значения дистантной каузации. Также двойная каузация служит для выражения значения пермиссивной каузации. Двойное каузирование способно выражать значение интенсивности или многократности каузативного действия, а также значение поэтапного каузирования. Двойная каузация в бурятском языке может быть также признаком избыточного маркирования, простого дублирования. В бурятском языке каузативные суффиксы могут выступать в страдательном значении и утрачивать значение каузативности, но нами отмечен факт того, что такие неканонические случаи использования каузативных аффиксов также допускают двойную каузацию, которая представляется избыточной. В работе также уделяется внимание вопросу о двойной каузации лексических каузативов, при которой каузативации подвергаются немаркированные каузативные глаголы. Двойная каузация в этом случае может служить средством выражения дистантной каузации.Causativity is a functional-semantic category, which is implemented at different levels of the language system. Causative verbs in the Buryat language have morphological expression. Causation is one of the most productive derivations here. Causative markers can be attached to both non-derived bases and derivatives. Quite often in the Buryat language there is a double marking of causative verbs-double causation, which is characteristic of agglutinative languages. The main purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of double causation in the Buryat language. The tasks include consideration of formal features of verbs with double causation, analysis of their semantic and functional features. Thus, it is show that productive suffixes -uul, -lga participate in the formation of double causation in the Buryat language. Other affixes do not participate in the formation of the second degree of causation. It is also revealed that the order of affixes addition is more widespread here, in which the same affixes are not duplicated, but new ones are added, while unproductive suffixes always precede productive ones. Double causation in the Buryat language indicates the large number of individual participants in the causative situation, which involves the expression of the value of distant causation, the expression of the value of permissive causation. Also, double causation is able to Express the value of intensity or multiplicity of causative action, the value of step-by-step causation. Double and even triple causation can also be a sign of excessive marking, simple duplication. In the Buryat language, causative suffixes can appear in the passive sense and lose the value of causation, but we note the fact that such examples also allow for double causation, which is also excessive. The paper also draws attention to the question of double causation of lexical causatives, in which the causative are not marked causative verbs.

A Multilevel Functional Classification of Relative Clauses

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formal Features

Relative Clauses (RCs) have been described and classified according to many different criteria (Sect. 1). This article deals with the distinctions that can be observed within the variety of English RCs in terms of phonological shape, syntactic structure, semantic content, presuppositions and thematic structure of the utterance. A classification of RCs is proposed, which is based upon criteria of all different levels (Sect. 2). The aim is to provide a way to characterize as precisely as possible the functional features of any RC in correlation with its formal features. The classification is then applied to an analysis of the often stated equivalence between RCs and other kinds of linguistic constituents, leading to the recognition of the different types of RCs that are functionally equivalent to adjectives, participles, prepositional phrases and coordinated sentences (Sect. 3). A further application proposed is the comparison between the functional and formal features of English and Italian RCs (Sect. 4).

scholarly journals LANGUAGE BORROWING: THEORY AND REALITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Hung Viet ◽  
Ly Toan Thang
Keyword(s):  
Language System ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The paper discusses the concept of language borrowing from different viewpoints and considers approaches to that linguistic phenomenon, from traditional to modern ones concerning borrowings at different levels in a language system, including phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. These offer practical implications to research on the issue of borrowing in the Vietnamese language at present.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GENRE FORM "NOVEL" MODIFICATIONS (ON THE YURI ANDRUKHOVYCH’S NOVEL "DARLINGS OF JUSTICE" AND DANIEL KEHLMANN’S NOVEL “FAME. A NOVEL OF NINE STORIES ")

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Third ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Minor Character ◽  
Second Degree

The article deals with modifications of the genre form "novel". These modifications consist of novellas but they show a new quality: the coherent harmonious whole. The comparative analysis extends to the text categories. The category of integrity is the hyper-category of text. It is a bipolar unity with discreteness. The tonality as a category belongs to the first degree categories and expresses bipolar unity of the personality/impersonality on a level with coherence and completeness. Then follow the second degree categories (major) - composition form text organization (KMF), architectonic form text organization (AMF) and oralness / writeness. To these categories submit the third degree categories (primary): phonologic, grammar, semantic and stylistic. They are primary only at the text and in the language system they can have two or more degrees. As the relationships of the parameter "text categories " equivalence, inclusiveness, intersection and inconsistency were considered. The comparison of the novels by Yurii Andrukhovych and by Daniel Kehlmann shows the equivalence of the text categories integrity, coherence and completeness (cohesion), oralness / writeness. The same applies to the categories KMF and AMF. It should be noted, that the equivalence is compensatory at the level of simple categories. Simultaneity of events as a manifestation of integrity is expressed in the novel ofAndrukhovych mainly by anachronisms, Kehlmann does not use they (relationship of inconsistency), but Kehlmann connects his stories with characters, it is absent in the work of Andrukhovych, who minimally mentions some characters in the last chapter. The allusion to cinematography is represented in Andrukhovych's novel through the whole text and the ring repetition (in the title and at the end of the novel). It is something else in the novel by Kehlmann. The character Ralph Tanner, a film actor, who appears in one story as the main character and in four stories as a minor character shows that the novel has the tangency to the cinematography.

scholarly journals ADDRESSING THE PRINCIPLE OF LINGUISTIC ECONOMY AGAIN

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-75
Author(s):  
Lydia A. Stanovaïa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels

After a long and very heated discussions in 60s-70s of the last century, the term «linguistic economy» is firmly established in Russian linguistics. However, the analysis of modern publications of Russian linguists indicates «embarrassing» polysemy of the term, which is used in different meanings: 1) ordinary, determined by the meaning of the word «economy» in the Russian language as frugality, thrift; 2) special, determined by A. Martinet theory, where economy is considered as the principle of organization and evolution of the language system; 3) mixed due to the mixture of different terms, ideas and concepts. The article discusses the main issues related to defining the essence of linguistic economy, its place and role in language evolution. Many postulates concerning these issues contradict well-known facts of language change on different levels of language system. However, if we strictly separate economy in speech from economy in language many contradictions disappear.

scholarly journals What is yopará? (Observations on paraguayan Spanish)

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
A. Sadikov
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Mixed Origin ◽  
Number Facts ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The article purports to summarize and rethink a considerable amount of facts collected by various researchers who studied the linguistic situation and the interplay of two languages, Spanish and Guarani, in modern Paraguay. Having revised a number facts pertaining to different levels of the language system, the author arrives at the conclusion that the linguistic phenomenon called yopará is emerging as a new language in the full sense of this word, its mixed origin notwithstanding, a real future national language now taking shape.

First-language-constrained variability in the second-language acquisition of argument-structure-changing morphology with causative verbs

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Montrul
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
First Language ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
L1 Influence ◽  
Morphological Expression ◽  
Causative Verbs

This article presents three related experiments on the acquisition of two classes of causative verbs: physical change of state verbs with agentive subjects (e.g., English break) and psychological change of state verbs with experiencer objects (e.g., English frighten) in English, Spanish and Turkish as second languages by speakers whose native languages are English, Spanish, Turkish and Japanese. These verbs participate in the causative/inchoative alternation crosslinguistically, but the morphological expression of the alternation varies in the four languages. English has predominantly zero-morphology, Spanish has anticausative morphology, and Turkish and Japanese both have causative and anticausative morphology. Assuming the tenets of the Full Transfer/Full Access Hypothesis (Schwartz and Sprouse, 1996), results of a picture judgement task testing transitive and intransitive sentences and manipulating overt/non-overt morphology on the verbs show that morphological errors in the three languages are constrained by the morphological patterns of the learners’ first language (L1s). In addition to showing that formal features of morphemes transfer but morphophonological matrices do not, this study refines the role of L1 influence in the morphological domain by showing that the morphophonological shape of affixes transfers as well.

Encefalopatia ipossico-ischemica

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-348
Author(s):  
A. Cappellini
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Ischaemic Injury ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Perinatal Brain Damage ◽  
Morphological Expression ◽  
Different Levels

The term hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, often used to cover the whole spectrum of perinatal brain damage, should be confined to neonatal suffering at term presenting specific physiopathological, clinical and radiological features. Most perinatal brain lesions are secondary to perinatal or post-natal hypoxic-ischaemic injury and can be classified on the basis of the predominant morphological characteristics (table 1). The different locations and morphological expression of brain damage in the premature infant and the neonate born at term reflect the different levels of brain maturation (table 2). These tables summarize the different pathogenetic and anatomopathological features of hypoxic-ischaemic lesions with clinical and radiological references in the premature infant and neonate born at term.

scholarly journals Representation of the functional-semantic field of futurality in the Victor Pelevins novel “Omon Ra”

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Gulzira Kuatova ◽  
Manat Musatayeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Field ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Language System ◽  
Different Levels

In this article the authors consider realization of futural meaning in the artistic text – in Victor Pelevin’s novel “Omon Ra”. The futurality is treated as a functional-semantic field according to functional grammar in version of A. V. Bondarko. The authors consider several expression forms of futurality which represent the different levels of language system: morphological, lexical, lexical-syntactic, syntactic, and contextually caused. These forms are descripted in terms of their frequency in the postmodern text.

scholarly journals Integrative character of communication and organizing role of the category of person in the context of anthropocentrism

Neophilology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Leonidovich Sharandin
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Language System ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Integrative Unity ◽  
Communicative Space ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Communicative Activity

Considered the problem of relations between such concepts as integration of language levels, category of person and anthropocentrism in the context of the ideas of professor S.G. Ilyenko. This is not accidental, since this problem is presented in her works as having a methodological character in connection with the recognition of anthropocentrism and integration as the main principles of the description of the language system. The key and organizing role in their interrelation is played by the category of the person which in various forms of its realization is present at different language levels and in communicative activity of the person as a whole. This allows us to consider the concept of integrative communicative space, which is represented as a unity created by the interaction of different types of knowledge: 1) knowledge obtained as a result of reflection and interpretation of reality; 2) knowledge of the language system used as a means of cognition of this reality and communication. As a result, communication is the highest level that allows you to compare information at different levels, and forms on their basis integrative unity, the integrity of which ensures the implementation of the language of its main function – communicative.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF SUBJECT-EVALUATIVE MODALITY IN A PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL TEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Zadachina ◽  
◽  
Iryna Voloschuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Medical Text ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Professional text is rightly considered one of the main indicators of world scientific and technological development in the XXI century. Recently, special attention has been paid to the study of medical texts. In modern translation studies, such a rapid development of society, especially in the medical field, and the emergence of new translation studies trends, the replenishment of the terminological system with more specialized professional vocabulary is a challenge for the translator. The medical text is interesting in structure due to the category of modality, which serves as a means of expressing the author's attitude to what is written, and is considered by various researchers as a grammatical, syntactic or semantic category. In addition, linguists do not stand in solidarity on defining and classifying modality, that follows from its comprehensive study. At present, the study of modality occupies a leading place in linguistics, due to the complexity and diversity of the category. Means of modality are studied at different levels: formal-syntactic, communicative-functional, semantic-syntactic and, of course, textual. The modality of the text responds on the attitude of the author of the text, usually evaluative, to reality. The essential characteristics of the modality object itself determine the content of the modality. According to different approaches, it is divided into "external", "internal", general, voluntary, true, as well as objective-evaluative and subjective-evaluative. In our study, special attention is paid to the subjective-evaluative modality, which is necessary to express official politeness. It can be argued that the semantic basis of subjective modality influences the formation of the concept of evaluation in its broadest sense. It is not only about the logic of the presentation of information, but also the different types of emotional reaction of the person. The main linguistic means for expressing this type of modality have also been established, which include the use of modal verbs, modal words, and modal passive constructions.

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