scholarly journals THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTENT OF RESILIENCE AND PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS IN PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF INTERNET-BEHAVIOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Надежда Сергеевна Зубарева ◽  
Валерия Анатольевна Капустина
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The One ◽  
Passive Aggression ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Internet Addictive Behavior

Изучена специфика жизнеспособности и психологических защитных механизмов у молодежи с разными уровнями интернет-зависимости. Представлены актуальные взгляды на содержание понятий «жизнеспособность», «психологические защитные механизмы», «интернет-зависимость», а также результаты пилотажного эмпирического исследования, проведенного на выборке, состоящей из 51 студента Новосибирского государственного технического университета в возрасте от 19 лет до 21 года. В исследовании использованы методики «Шкала интернет-зависимости С. Чена (CIAS)» (адаптирована В. Л. Малыгиным, К. А. Феклисовым), тест «Жизнеспособность взрослого человека» А. В. Махнача, «Опросник структуры психологических защит» М. Бонда (адаптирован Е. Е. Туник). Обнаружено, что психологические защиты в целом больше выражены в группе с интернет-зависимым поведением, а жизнеспособность – в группе с минимальным риском интернет-зависимого поведения. В группе с интернет-зависимым поведением чаще используют неадаптивные психологические защиты (пассивная агрессия, поведенческое отреагирование, ипохондрия, фантазия) и адаптивную защиту – прогнозирование. Сделан вывод о том, что жизнеспособной молодежи, с одной стороны, свойственны применение защитных механизмов, ухудшающих их взаимодействие с другими людьми, полярное мышление как по отношению к себе, так и по отношению к другим людям. С другой – стремление к людям, использование юмора и творчества в сложных ситуациях. The article is devoted to the study of specificity of a resilience and psychological defense mechanisms in young people with different levels of Internet addiction. It presents modern views on the content of such concepts as “resilience”, “psychological defense mechanisms”, “Internet addiction”. Also, it includes the results of pilot study, which was conducted on a sample of 51 NSTU students, aged 19 to 21 years. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), the test “Adult Resilience” by A. V. Makhnach, a questionnaire of the structure of psychological defenses M. Bond were used in the study. It was found that psychological defenses in general are more pronounced in the group with Internet-addictive behavior, and resilience is more expressed in the group with minimal risk of Internet-addictive behavior. Internet-addictive behavior, maladaptive psychological defenses such as passive aggression, behavioral response, hypochondria, fantasy, and adaptive defense – prediction are more often used. The results let authors conclude that resilient youth is characterized, on the one hand, by the use of defenses that worsen their interaction with other people, polar thinking both in relation to themselves and in relation to other people, on the other hand, and by the striving for people and the use of humor and creativity in difficult situations.

scholarly journals Features of psychological protection of students of IHE who are engaged in swimming

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Dakal ◽  
O. Cherevichko ◽  
K. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of psychological protection is to maintain the integrity of the "self-concept" of the individual by protecting his consciousness from negative traumatic experiences, fear of failure, anxiety or uncertainty in their actions. The authors who studied this phenomenon in sports note that the psychological protection of the athlete - is a system of mechanisms and methods of mental self-regulation of consciousness and behavior of the individual in extreme mental conditions. Psychological defense mechanisms are manifested in students as a regulatory system that is activated in a situation of internal or external conflict. Based on it, students often show such a defense mechanism as substitution, regression, and compensation. Considering the manifestation of protective mechanisms in boys and girls, we obtained the following indicators: reactive formations (73% in girls and 51% in boys) and projection (73% in girls and 54% in boys) (p <0.05); in boys prevails: suppression (65% in boys and 45% in girls) and intellectualization (69% in boys and 56.1% in girls) (p <0.05). We found differences in the choice of the dominant mechanism of psychological protection by swimming students. The leading mechanism in the studied contingent is substitution, and the least preferred is suppression. The study identified the manifestation of the main mechanisms of psychological protection in students who swim and analyzed certain types of protection with a description of the specific features of the system of protective mechanisms and the level of their impact depending on gender differences.

Teaching Psychological Defenses: An Interactive Computerized Program

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bibace ◽  
David Marcus ◽  
Debra Thomason ◽  
E. Anne Litt
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Reaction Formation ◽  
Analytic Skills ◽  
Students Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Defenses

An interactive computerized teaching program with which students learn to analyze behaviors as examples of psychological defense is described. Students are presented with a short paragraph describing a fictional situation in which a defensive behavior is enacted. These behaviors are analyzed in terms of actor-action-object propositions. The transformations in these three terms generate psychological defenses such as projection and reaction formation. Students' satisfaction with the program and their subsequent performance in identifying defense mechanisms indicated that it was useful for developing analytic skills.

scholarly journals THE PARAMETERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN CORRELATION TO THEIR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

2016 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
E. A. Panasenko ◽  
I. S. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Jet Formation ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Natural Expression ◽  
Psychological Defenses

The article features the problem of correlation between the parameters of psychological defenses and personality characteristics of students. It was found that if the person, when resolving difficult life situations, has resorted to the use of defense mechanisms, such as repression, regression, compensation, substitution or jet formation, this leads to a decrease of flexibility of behavior and refusal to accept themselves as is, an increase of the dependence on the opinion of others, and prevents adequate perception of time. The article defines the dominant mechanisms of psychological defenses among first-year students, such as the mechanism of "projection", "denial" and "intellectualization ". It is proved that self-actualized individuals change their behavior in accordance with the situation and demonstrate a natural expression of emotions and feelings, asking others for support.

Anxious Attachment and Internet Addictive Behavior in Chinese College Youth: The Mediating Role of Resilience (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Chi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
College Youth ◽  
Hypothesis Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internet Addictive Behavior

BACKGROUND While many studies document that insecure attachment (e.g., anxious attachment) is associated with Internet addictive behavior in youth, little is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying this association—particularly in Chinese college youth. The current study examines whether resilience mediates the relationship between anxious attachment and Internet addictive behavior. OBJECTIVE The current study examines whether resilience mediates the relationship between anxious attachment and Internet addictive behavior. METHODS Our hypothesis model was tested using data collected from 1,004 Chinese college students (60.7% males, Mage = 19.54 years) including questionnaires with adult attachment scale, resilience subscale, Internet addiction test, and background information. RESULTS After controlling for demographic variables, resilience was found to partially mediate the association between anxious attachment and Internet addictive behavior, with anxiety attachment type associating with lower level of resilience and with low level of resilience associating with higher level Internet addiction. It indicated individuals’ anxious attachment may handicap resilience development, which further puts anxiously attached youths at greater risk of Internet addictive behavior. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of promoting psychological resilience in intervening with and/or preventing Internet addictive behavior in Chinese youth.

Tolerance to uncertainty among psychology students as a predictor of adaptation strategy in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Kondrashikhina
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Passive Aggression ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty with coping strategies and mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual in the conditions of adaptation to situations with a high degree of uncertainty associated with the coronavirus pandemic. A positive correlation was established between tolerance to uncertainty and the protective mechanisms of “humor” and “compensation”, and a negative correlation with the mechanism of “omnipotent control”. Increasing the level of tolerance to uncertainty entails: 1) increased levels of regression and withdrawal in uncertain situations; 2) reduced readiness for systematic problem solving and the emergence of an inability to separate emotions about the situation from its cognitive solution; 3) reduced ability to enter into active opposition with uncertainty, reduced ability to humor and positive reassessment of an uncertain situation. In addition, an increase in the level of interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty leads to an increase in the defense mechanisms and used coping strategies (passive aggression, dissociation, projection, displacement, substitution, distancing, etc.), which clearly indicates the perception of an uncertain situation by such students as extremely difficult, threatening, negative. Thus, tolerance to uncertainty is a significant resource for adaptive living by a person in the conditions of uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with a high interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty are the most vulnerable to the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical significance of the study is in the need to form the ability to constructive activity in conditions of uncertainty, which can be implemented in the process of training interventions. Further research may be based on considering the relationship between tolerance to uncertainty and other factors of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of the study is associated with the scarcity of works on the assessment of adaptive resources of the individual in the conditions of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE SOCIAL NETWORK USERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MEANINGFULNESS OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
P.N. Ermakov ◽  
E.E. Belousova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Different Levels

During adolescence, at the stage of formation of personal structures, young people spend a significant part of their time on the Internet, especially in social networks. It is there that communication is realized, interest groups are formed, values are broadcast and undergo changes. Thus, the question of ways to protect against heterogeneous content on the web with the support of the individual on his own meanings becomes relevant. A study of psychological defense mechanisms was conducted in 85 boys and girls aged 18-24 years (30.6 % women, Me=22.5; 69.4 % men, Me=21.5) - users of social networks with different levels of meaningfulness of life. The Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte test questionnaire was used to diagnose the mechanisms of psychological defense, the test of life orientations by D.A. Leontiev was used as well. According to the results of the application of the Pearson χCriterion, it was found that with an increase in the level of meaningfulness of life, the arsenal of psychological defense mechanisms of the individual increases and their severity noticeably increases. Respondents with a high level of meaningfulness are dominated by Rationalization, Hypercompensation, Projection; with an average level of meaningfulness - Displacement, Regression, Compensation; with a low level of meaningfulness - Regression, Denial, Rationalization. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, it was revealed that with an increase in the meaningfulness of life, the actualization of psychological defenses "Substitution" (transfer of reaction from one object to another) and "Regression" (return to earlier behaviors) decreases, the overall intensity of defenses decreases.

Internet addiction as a form of addictive personal behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Olga A. Topilskaya
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Behavior

We consider Internet addiction as one of the forms of addictive behavior of a person. Considering addiction and dependency as identical concepts we use them in the research equivalently. The opinions of scientists on the essence of “addiction” concept are analyzed and the personal characteristics inherent in addicts are revealed. The attractiveness of addiction for the individual is that representing a kind of psychological defense mechanism against painfully experienced frustrations it creates the illusion of the problem solution. We reveal the factors influencing the appearance of addictive behavior in a person are: social, biological, and also related to individual characteristics, which include psychological characteristics of the individual, reflection in the psyche of psychological traumas in various periods of life. We consider the five stages of addiction occurrence in detail. The models of addictive personality behavior are: calming, communicative, activating, hedonistic, conformal and compensatory. The mechanisms of the emergence of Internet addiction and the personal characteristics of Internet addicts are analyzed. The manifestations of psychological and physiological symptoms of Internet addiction are considered.

The Influence of Psychological Defenses on the Psychological Masks of Military Personnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
O.B. Polyakova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Paleckiy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Passive Aggression ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Experimental Group

the article proves that the use of active forms of work (exercises and games) aimed at relieving tension, increasing self-regulation and self-knowledge, developing communication skills, empathy and reflection, and techniques for relieving situational tension and regulating emotional states contributes to the leveling of maladaptive psychological defenses, but does not significantly affect the use of psychological masks. In the experimental group, after a course of training aimed at the formation of adaptive psychological defenses of servicemen, it was revealed: reduction to a low level of such psychological defenses as avoidance, isolation, hypochondria, maladaptive psychological defenses, denial, passive aggression, behavioral response, primitive idealization, restraint, fantasy, reaction formation; raising to the average level of avoidance as the dominant strategy of psychological defense in communication; raising to a high level of such psychological defenses as foresight, rationalization, sublimation.

scholarly journals THE INTERRELATION OF PERSON’S PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS AND PERSONAL STRUCTURES IN ADOLESCENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
RUZANNA ZHAMKOTSYAN
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Individual Personality

The implementation of psychological defense mechanisms depends on the level of development of individual personality. An important factor in the formation and development of mature defense mechanisms in adolescence is the development of adolescent intelligence and will.

scholarly journals URBAN FACTOR OF INTERNET ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR OF UPPER-FORM PUPILS

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Plokhikh V.V. ◽  
Dorosh A.V.
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Internet Addictive Behavior

Task. Empirical establishment of the influence of the urbanization factor on personal characteristics and perspective self-determination in upper-form pupils prone to Internet addictive behavior in the modern information society.Methods. The empirical study involved 70 pupils of 10-11 forms of secondary general education schools, including 37 pupils from rural areas and 33 pupils from urban areas. The theoretical basis of the study were the provisions of the relative concept of J. Newton. The following methods were used: K. Young method; A. Zhychkina Internet addiction scale; F. Zimbardo method (ZPTI). Spearman correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U test.Results. It is statistically proven that the severity of Internet addictive behavior in urban upper-form pupils, compared with rural ones, is significantly higher (U=84,5; p<0,001 and U=275,0; p<0,001). For the whole group, a close connection was established between the expressiveness of Internet addictive behavior and the following components of the time perspective: negative past (under K. Young: r=-0,373; p=0,001); positive past (under A. Zhychkina: r=-0,240; p=0,045); future (under A. Zhychkina: r=-0,346; p=0,003); hedonistic present (under K. Young: r=0,317; p=0,008). It was determined that urban upper-form pupils, compared to rural ones, are more focused on the hedonistic present (U=399,5; p=0,013) and less on the negative past (U=222,50; p<0,001) and future (U=441,50; p=0,046). It was found that urban pupils, compared with rural, have a more pronounced neuroticism (U=353,0; p=0,002), depression (U=330,0; p=0,001), reactive aggression (U=309,0; p<0,001), emotional lability (U=315,0; p<0.001). For the whole group, a direct relationship between the severity of Internet addictive behavior and spontaneous aggression was determined (under K. Young: r=0,363; p=0,003).Conclusions. In urban upper-form pupils, compared to rural ones, Internet addictive behavior is more pronounced. It is claimed that the limitation of the development of Internet addiction for rural pupils is significant physical activity, close connection with the natural environment, employment in vital economic activities. Urban upper-form pupils are primarily focused on intrapersonal processes; rural pupils are more inclined to interact with the environment, which reduces the risk of Internet addictive defeat. The self-determination of rural upper-form pupils is more based on the experience of the past and focused on the future, and this contradicts the formation of Internet addictive behavior. Urban upper-form pupils are more attuned to the hedonistic present that is inherent in Internet addiction.Key words: time perspective, self-determination, personal qualities, natural reality, virtual reality, way of life. Мета. Емпіричне встановлення впливу фактору урбанізації на особистісні властивості й перспективне самовизначення у старшокласників, схильних до інтернет-адиктивної поведінки, в сучасному інформаційному суспільстві.Методи. В емпіричному дослідженні взяли участь 70 учнів 10–11 класів середніх загальноосвітніх шкіл, серед яких 37 осіб із сільської місцевості та 33 особи з міста. Теоретичним підґрунтям дослідження були положення відносницької концепції Ж.Нюттена. Використано такі методики: методика К.Янг; шкала інтернет-залежності А.Жичкіної; методика Ф.Зімбардо (ZPTI). Застосовувався кореля-ційний аналіз за Спірменом та критерій U Манна-Уітні.Результати. Статистично доведено, що виразність інтернет-адиктивної поведінки у міських старшокласників порівняно із сільськими суттєво вища (U=84,5; p<0,001 та U=275,0; p<0,001). Для всієї групи був установлений тісний зв’язок виразності інтернет-адиктивної поведінки з такими складниками часової перспективи: негативне минуле (за К. Янг: r =-0,373; p=0,001); позитивне минуле (за А. Жичкіною: r=-0,240; p=0,045); майбутнє (за А. Жичкіною: r=-0,346; p=0,003); теперішнє гедоністичне (за К. Янг: r=0,317; p=0,008). Визначено, що міські старшокласники порівняно із сільськими більше зорієнтовані на гедоністичне теперішнє (U=399,5; p=0,013) і менше на негативне минуле (U=222,50; p<0,001) та май-бутнє (U=441,50; p=0,046). Встановлено, що в міських учнів порівняно із сільськими більш виразна невротичність (U=353,0; p=0,002), депресивність (U=330,0; p=0,001), реактивна агресивність (U=309,0; p<0,001), емоційна лабільність (U=315,0; p<0.001). Для всієї групи визначено прямий зв’язок вираз-ності інтернет-адиктивної поведінки зі спонтанною агресивністю (за Янг: r=0,363; p=0,003).Висновки. У міських старшокласників порівняно із сільськими інтернет-адиктивна поведінка виразна більше. Стверджується, що обмежувачем розвитку захоплення Інтернетом для сільських учнів є значна фізична активність, тісний зв’язок із природним оточенням, зайнятість життєво важливою гос-подарською діяльністю. Міські старшокласники насамперед зосереджені на внутрішньоособистісних процесах; сільські школярі більше обернені до взаємодії з оточенням, що знижує ризик інтернет-адик-тивного ураження. Самовизначення сільських старшокласників більше спирається на досвід минулого та зорієнтоване на майбутнє, і це суперечить формуванню інтернет-адиктивної поведінки. Міські стар-шокласники більше налаштовані на гедоністичне теперішнє, що є притаманним інтернет-адикції. Ключові слова: часова перспектива, самовизначення, особистісні властивості, природна реальність, віртуальна реальність, спосіб життя.

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