scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE SOCIAL NETWORK USERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MEANINGFULNESS OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
P.N. Ermakov ◽  
E.E. Belousova
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Different Levels

During adolescence, at the stage of formation of personal structures, young people spend a significant part of their time on the Internet, especially in social networks. It is there that communication is realized, interest groups are formed, values are broadcast and undergo changes. Thus, the question of ways to protect against heterogeneous content on the web with the support of the individual on his own meanings becomes relevant. A study of psychological defense mechanisms was conducted in 85 boys and girls aged 18-24 years (30.6 % women, Me=22.5; 69.4 % men, Me=21.5) - users of social networks with different levels of meaningfulness of life. The Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte test questionnaire was used to diagnose the mechanisms of psychological defense, the test of life orientations by D.A. Leontiev was used as well. According to the results of the application of the Pearson χCriterion, it was found that with an increase in the level of meaningfulness of life, the arsenal of psychological defense mechanisms of the individual increases and their severity noticeably increases. Respondents with a high level of meaningfulness are dominated by Rationalization, Hypercompensation, Projection; with an average level of meaningfulness - Displacement, Regression, Compensation; with a low level of meaningfulness - Regression, Denial, Rationalization. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, it was revealed that with an increase in the meaningfulness of life, the actualization of psychological defenses "Substitution" (transfer of reaction from one object to another) and "Regression" (return to earlier behaviors) decreases, the overall intensity of defenses decreases.

scholarly journals Personality traits of women with psychogenic infertility (on different levels of organization of individuality)

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Mordas ◽  
Yana Vladimirovna Berseneva
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychogenic Infertility ◽  
Psychological Defenses ◽  
Different Levels

This article reviews the results of research dedicated to personality characteristics of women struggling with psychogenic infertility (on different levels of organization of individuality: physical, affective and behavioral). It is assumed that all levels of organization of individuality are interrelated, which allows observing a holistic picture of personality of women involved in the study. The goal consists in examination of personality traits of women with reproductive disorders on physical, personal and social levels of the organization of individuality. The subject of this research is the psychological peculiarities, coping strategies, and psychological defenses of women with reproductive disorders on different levels of organization of individuality. The following methods were applied: empirical, such as testing and quantitative methods (charting); statistical, such as correlation analysis; qualitative methods, such as generalization, systematization, comparison. The scientific novelty lies in studying personality traits of women with reproductive disorders on different levels of the organization of individuality. The conclusion is made that women struggling with psychogenic infertility (comparing to women with no such disorder) are characterized with the following personality traits on different levels of the organization of individuality: 1) on the physical level – distorted perception and dissatisfaction with their body; 2) on the personal (affective) level – high anxiety, both reactive and personal; alexithymia; rigidity; inclination to depressive disorders; 3) on the social (behavioral) level –  facing difficult life situations, women with reproductive disorders are not able to take responsibility, and often resort to such defense mechanisms as denial, avoidance, regression and projection.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

scholarly journals Features of psychological protection of students of IHE who are engaged in swimming

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. Dakal ◽  
O. Cherevichko ◽  
K. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The purpose of psychological protection is to maintain the integrity of the "self-concept" of the individual by protecting his consciousness from negative traumatic experiences, fear of failure, anxiety or uncertainty in their actions. The authors who studied this phenomenon in sports note that the psychological protection of the athlete - is a system of mechanisms and methods of mental self-regulation of consciousness and behavior of the individual in extreme mental conditions. Psychological defense mechanisms are manifested in students as a regulatory system that is activated in a situation of internal or external conflict. Based on it, students often show such a defense mechanism as substitution, regression, and compensation. Considering the manifestation of protective mechanisms in boys and girls, we obtained the following indicators: reactive formations (73% in girls and 51% in boys) and projection (73% in girls and 54% in boys) (p <0.05); in boys prevails: suppression (65% in boys and 45% in girls) and intellectualization (69% in boys and 56.1% in girls) (p <0.05). We found differences in the choice of the dominant mechanism of psychological protection by swimming students. The leading mechanism in the studied contingent is substitution, and the least preferred is suppression. The study identified the manifestation of the main mechanisms of psychological protection in students who swim and analyzed certain types of protection with a description of the specific features of the system of protective mechanisms and the level of their impact depending on gender differences.

scholarly journals Relations between typological personality traits and mechanisms of psychological defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Kabakov ◽  
Andrey E. Sorokin ◽  
Anatoly V. Ryapukhin
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
The Individual

Research object is the typological personality traits. Subject of research is the relation of temperament and the mechanism of psychological defense. Purpose of the research is to reveal the relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that there is a relation between the typological characteristics of the personality and the mechanisms of psychological defense. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results obtained can become the basis for the development of a program for the correction or optimization of psychological defense mechanisms based on the typological characteristics of the individual.

Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made

2011 ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Network analysis, a body of research that concentrates on the social networks that connect actors in society, has been found to have many applications in areas where researchers struggle to understand the complex workings of organisations (Nohria, 1992). Social network analysis (SNA) acknowledges that individuals are characterised just as much by their relationships with one another (which is often neglected in traditional research) as by their specific attributes (Knoke & Kuklinski, 1982) and that, beyond individuals, society itself is made of networks (Kilduff & Tsai, 2003). It is the study of the relationships between actors and between clusters of actors in organisations and in society that has been labeled network analysis. These high level observations about network analysis indicate that this orientation has great potential for the study of how managers, groups of managers, and organisations make decisions, following processes that unfold over long periods of time and that are sometimes very hard to fully comprehend without reference to a network approach. This article proposes to investigate the potential application of network analysis to the study of individual and organizational decision making and to leverage its strengths for the design and development of better decision aids.

Teaching Psychological Defenses: An Interactive Computerized Program

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bibace ◽  
David Marcus ◽  
Debra Thomason ◽  
E. Anne Litt
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Reaction Formation ◽  
Analytic Skills ◽  
Students Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Defenses

An interactive computerized teaching program with which students learn to analyze behaviors as examples of psychological defense is described. Students are presented with a short paragraph describing a fictional situation in which a defensive behavior is enacted. These behaviors are analyzed in terms of actor-action-object propositions. The transformations in these three terms generate psychological defenses such as projection and reaction formation. Students' satisfaction with the program and their subsequent performance in identifying defense mechanisms indicated that it was useful for developing analytic skills.

scholarly journals Offspring social network structure predicts fitness in families

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1749) ◽  
pp. 4914-4922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick J. Royle ◽  
Thomas W. Pike ◽  
Philipp Heeb ◽  
Heinz Richner ◽  
Mathias Kölliker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Social structures such as families emerge as outcomes of behavioural interactions among individuals, and can evolve over time if families with particular types of social structures tend to leave more individuals in subsequent generations. The social behaviour of interacting individuals is typically analysed as a series of multiple dyadic (pair-wise) interactions, rather than a network of interactions among multiple individuals. However, in species where parents feed dependant young, interactions within families nearly always involve more than two individuals simultaneously. Such social networks of interactions at least partly reflect conflicts of interest over the provision of costly parental investment. Consequently, variation in family network structure reflects variation in how conflicts of interest are resolved among family members. Despite its importance in understanding the evolution of emergent properties of social organization such as family life and cooperation, nothing is currently known about how selection acts on the structure of social networks. Here, we show that the social network structure of broods of begging nestling great tits Parus major predicts fitness in families. Although selection at the level of the individual favours large nestlings, selection at the level of the kin-group primarily favours families that resolve conflicts most effectively.

Social Conflict after Disaster

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Portnova
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level ◽  
North Ossetia

Objective:Studying the social conflict among inhabitants of small settlements owing to extreme situations.Methods:Social-psychological investigation for revealing interpersonal and intergroup (victims and nonvictims) conflicts among in townsfolk of Sydybyl (Yakutia) and Beslan (North Ossetia) after disaster with death of children.Results:It was shown that the basic psychological need of persons who loss their relatives during a disaster is a search of guilty of tragedy. In consequence of this, occurs the stratification of society with apportionment of such groups as “victims” and “guilty”. The “victims” additionally mark out the group of “light victims” and accuse them of insufficient efforts to rescue of children of “victims”. It was suggested that the persistent search of guilty represents a form of psychological defense against the unbearable feeling of their own guilt towards died children. The universal (non-conditioned by ethnic or cultural factors) character of described phenomena was emphasized. It was marked that the social conflict (named by author as indigenous) deteriorates the social and economic consequences of disaster.Conclusions:The indigenous conflict tends to persistence and passes the certain phases, final of which is characterized by a high level of neurotic diseases in the opulation and migration of an efficient part of the population.

scholarly journals LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG PEOPLE AGED 60 AND OVER, PARTICIPATING IN RESTRICTED SOCIAL NETWORKS IN POLAND: RELATED VARIABLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozerska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
Difficult Situations

From the perspective of adult education, the engagement of older people in developing relationships with other people is related to their learning and creating their identities. The research conducted in the areas of various countries shows a relationship between a social participation of seniors and their well-being. Moreover, participation in rich social networks, composed of many people, coincides with a high quality of life. The article focuses on senior citizens functioning in restricted networks (less numerous social networks, consisting of several people).The study is to serve three purposes: firstly, to identify determinants of a subjective assessment of own life of senior citizens living in restricted networks; secondly, to analyse a relationship between seniors’ subjective, general assessment of life and their opinion on what determines a successful and happy life; thirdly, to analyse the relationship between seniors’ subjective, general assessment of life and the ways they handle problematic situations. The analysis has been conducted on the basis of the data collected in 2013, available to the general public on www.diagnoza.com. The data was collected within the Social Diagnosis (Diagnoza społeczna) project. The objective of the Social Diagnosis is an investigation of the conditions and quality of life in Poland. It is based on panel research. A questionnaire has been used as a research tool. The article presents information regarding 5623 individuals, aged 60+functioning in restricted social networks in Poland. The Mann-Whitney U test and the two proportions test helped to analyse the differences between variable distributions. The results show that a poor social life of the elderly does not have to be linked with a feeling of loneliness. The group of individuals with a high level of general satisfaction is more satisfied with a relationship with the family (especially children) than the group with a low level of life satisfaction. The analysis confirms that good relationships with family and friends are an important predictor of life satisfaction of the elderly. Health is considered to be a condition of a successful life by seniors with a high level of life satisfaction, as well as relationships with close family members: with children and a spouse. This group of respondents shows more confidence in other people, by whom they feel loved and confided in. In difficult situations people with a high level of life satisfaction turn to others for help, but they also act themselves. Seniors with a low level of satisfaction differ from the previous group in these terms. These are people who do not feel confided in by others and they also hardly ever turn to others for help. In difficult situations they are more often passive. In conclusion, the author highlights the significance of informal learning occurring in families to enhance older people’s quality of life. It is important, especially in case of poorly educated persons with low incomes who often function in small social networks. Key words: informal learning in the family, life satisfaction of older adults, social participation of seniors.

scholarly journals THE PARAMETERS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN CORRELATION TO THEIR PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

2016 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
E. A. Panasenko ◽  
I. S. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Jet Formation ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Natural Expression ◽  
Psychological Defenses

The article features the problem of correlation between the parameters of psychological defenses and personality characteristics of students. It was found that if the person, when resolving difficult life situations, has resorted to the use of defense mechanisms, such as repression, regression, compensation, substitution or jet formation, this leads to a decrease of flexibility of behavior and refusal to accept themselves as is, an increase of the dependence on the opinion of others, and prevents adequate perception of time. The article defines the dominant mechanisms of psychological defenses among first-year students, such as the mechanism of "projection", "denial" and "intellectualization ". It is proved that self-actualized individuals change their behavior in accordance with the situation and demonstrate a natural expression of emotions and feelings, asking others for support.

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