scholarly journals The Treatment of Hospital Wasterwater Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrodes: Analysis by Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Darmadi M. Yusuf ◽  
Mirna Rahmah Lubis, ◽  
Adisalamun Adisalamun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Hospital wastewater basically contains organic materials and inorganic materials. Levels of these materials can be determined by testing of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The hospital wastewater treatment proposed in this research is the electrocoagulation treatment using electrodes Fe-Fe and uses the response surface method for optimizing the response variable. Referring to this resea rch, the result shows that the relationship between the process variables and the TSS is significantly influential. As the contact time (15, 30, and 45 minutes) is longer and the voltage (6, 9, and 12 volts) is higher, the percentage reductions of TSS increase. However, the electrolyte solution (0–1 M) has little influence/significance to a response variable of TSS. The highest percentage of TSS reduction is at the contact time 30 minutes and 12 volts, which declined at contact time 45 minutes. The model recommended is a quadratic form with a low error less than 1.6%. In such a way, the optimum condition is at contact time 36 minutes, voltage 12 volts, and the electrolyte (NaCl) concentration 0.1 M. The reduction percentage is TSS 72.45%.

Biodegradation Potential of Abattoir Wastewater Microbiota in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
J.D Bala ◽  
F. A Kuta ◽  
N.U Adabara ◽  
O.P Abioye ◽  
H.S Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Water used for washing carcasses of slaughtered animals and slaughter house is referred to as abattoir wastewater. This study was designed to investigate the microorganisms associated with abattoir wastewater and to establish the biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater microbiota. Isolation of the microbes was carried out using pour plate technique. The total viable count for the microbes’ ranges from 2.5×104 - 4.6×105 cfu/mL. Results revealed that all the physicochemical parameters exceeded the permissible limits (total dissolved solid (TDS) 1748mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 176mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 91 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 227 mg/L). Microorganisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp, Trichophyton quickeanum and Penicillium sp. Some of the microbes were observed to have biodegradation potential by their ability to grow on mineral salt media (MSM) incorporated with starch, cellulose, crude oil, kerosene and diesel as the sole source of carbon and energy. This study suggests that abattoir wastewater harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to public health when discharged into the environment untreated hence the need for strict monitoring. These microbes isolated could be employed as agent of bioremediation of wastewaters. Key words: Abattoir; Biodegredation; Isolation; Microbiota; Wastewater

scholarly journals Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Jurnal Ecolab ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratnaningsih ◽  
◽  
Retno Puji Lestari ◽  
Ernawita Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

scholarly journals Effect of pH of Coagulant on the Treatment of Wastewater from Tofu Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aditya ◽  
Sutrasno Kartohardjono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Environmental Quality Standard ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

Wastewater generated from the tofu industry usually still contains high organic pollutants that can contaminate the surface water. Therefore, it should be treated properly before it can be disposed to the environment. This study aims to evaluate the combination of coagulationflocculation and ultrafiltration methods in treating the wastewater from tofu industry. Based on the preliminary tests, the wastewater from tofu industry have pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3.4, 870 - 1080 mg/L, 370 mg/L, 446 FAU and 7954 mg/L, respectively. The coagulant and membrane used in this study were Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and the ceramic membrane, respectively. Experimental results showed that the best pH for coagulation-flocculation process is at pH of 7.0, and this pH was then used for ultrafiltration process. The flux of the ultrafiltration membrane increased with increasing the trans membrane pressure due to increasing driving force. The observed parameters such as TSS and turbidity of wastewater decreased drastically after experiencing ultrafiltration process and met the National Environmental Quality Standard. However, the COD of water produced in the ultrafiltration process was still high and did not meet the National Environmental Quality Standard.

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Electrocoagulation Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Tipakorn Suwannarat ◽  
Nipon Pisutpaisal ◽  
Siriorn Boonyawanich
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The purpose of current study was to examine the ability of electrocoagulation in decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) constituted in palm oil mill effluent. Bench-scale batch reactor containing two aluminum or steel plates (10 cm width × 30 cm height with 0.1 cm thickness) serving as electrodes with the interval distance of 3 cm was set up. The wastewater with COD concentration of 68,425 mg L-1 was treated in the reactor under the varied direct currents (0.3-1.3 A) and contact time (30-120 min). Sodium chloride was added to the wastewater to obtain the final concentration of 2 g L-1 (conductivity of 10 ms) prior to being fed into the reactor. The results showed that higher treatment efficiency when the aluminum was used as electrodes compared to the steel. COD removal efficiency was directly proportional to the contact time. The maximum COD and TSS removal observed at 1.3 A current input and 60 min contact time are 74.1 and 77.0%, respectively.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS PEEL AS A NATURAL COAGULANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyatharishini Mardarveran ◽  
Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Pre Treatment

The chemical coagulants used in the process of wastewater treatment causes negative implications on environment and human health. Exploration on natural coagulants as environmental friendly solution has been widely carried out. In present research, Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel is used as coagulant in treating domestic wastewater. This study aimed to assess optimum pH of wastewater and coagulant dosage by varying them to achieve the maximum removal rate of total suspended solid (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The studied range for pH of wastewater was pH 1-3 and dosage of coagulant within 50–70 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) implied in optimization of this coagulation process. Treatment using this natural coagulant enabled maximum reduction of turbidity, TSS, BOD and COD up to 80.7 %, 77.5 %, 34.3 % and 34.6 % respectively under optimum condition of pH 2.1 and dosage of 58 mg/L. These findings revealed higher reduction in turbidity and TSS. Thus, this study indicates the promising potential of the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract as an alternative bio-based coagulating agent for effective pre-treatment of wastewater. 

scholarly journals Aplikasi Metode Advance Oxidation Process (AOP) Fenton pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruka Yulia ◽  
Hesti Meilina ◽  
Adisalamun Adisalamun ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Advance Oxidation Process

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan proses Fenton dalam menurunkan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan kadar total suspended solid (TSS) dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) dan menentukan kondisi optimum dari parameter yang digunakan dengan Response Surface Methodology menurut Box- Behnken design. Sampel diambil pada keluaran pertama kolam anaerobik ketiga dari instalasi pengolahan limbah cair kelapa sawit yang mengandung nilai COD berkisar antara 8.000 hingga 12.000 ppm. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian pada berbagai pH, konsentrasi FeSO4.7H2O dan konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan proses AOP dengan metode Fenton dapat menurunkan konsentrasi COD dan TSS masing-masing adalah 70,7704% dan 88,3897% pada konsentrasi FeSO4.7H2O 3703,52 ppm, konsentrasi H2O2 5586,43 ppm, dan pH 3.

scholarly journals STUDI KUALITAS AIR TANAH KOTA MAGELANG AKIBAT DAMPAK LIMBAH DOMESTIK DAN INDUSTRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tri Aji ◽  
Abdul Qadir Jailani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Era milenial ini permasalahan air sebagai sumber kehidupan semakin terasa. Terutama pada air tanah yang menjadi salah satu sumber kehidupan sehari – hari mulai dari aktifitas rumah tangga sampai aktifitas industri. Permasalahan air tanah semakin terasa apabila diiringi dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin tinggi. Kota Magelang merupakan salah satu kota yang perkembangannya tergolong pesat di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pembangunan serta pertumbuhan ekonomi yang dicapai oleh kota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terkini mengenai kualitas air tanah di wilayah kota magelang akibat pembuangan limbah domestik dan industri dengan menganalisis parameter fisika (Suhu), parameter kimia (pH, Nitrat, BOD, COD, dan TSS), dan parameter biologi (Total Coliform). Penetapan lokasi penelitian guna pengambilan sampling air dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisa parameter kualitas air dapat dilakukan secara in situ dan ex-situ serta nantinya akan di bandingkan dengan baku mutu air PP No.82 tahun 2001 dan Permenkes No. 32 tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk parameter fisika masih dalam kondisi yang baik dengan nilai suhu rata-rata 26,1°C, sedangkan untuk nilai TSS (Total Suspended Solid) dan TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) 3,7 mg/L dan 227,95 mg/L. sedangkan untuk parameter kimia pH menunjukkan nilai yang cukup fluktuatif dan pada beberapa stasiun air tanah bersifat asam dengan nilai dibawah 7. Nilai nitrat pada stasiun penelitian 1,6,7 dan 9 memiliki nilai melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan yaitu 10 mg/L. Kemudian untuk nilai BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) memiliki nilai lebih dari 2 mg/L sebagai syarat masuk kelas 1 mutu air tanah yang aman untuk higine, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) mempunyai nilai yang melebihi syarat maksimal yaitu 10 mg/L di semua stasiun penelitian, oleh sebab itu dikatagorikan sebagai pencemaran berat. Nilai total coliform yang melebihi baku mutu air untuk keperluan higiene sanitasi menurut Permenkes No. 32 tahun 2017 sebesar 50 MPN/100ml.kualitas air tanah Kota Magelang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan air minum dengan catatan penggunannya harus melalui proses pemasakan terlebih dahulu.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah pada Effluent Treatment Unit (ETU) PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frebhika Sri Puji Pangesti ◽  
Anis Masyruroh ◽  
M. Hikmatiar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

<p>PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara (PT LCTN) is a Korean Foreign Investment Company in Cilegon City which is a polythylene producing industry. PT LCTN produces waste water into the sea. Wastewater treatment refers to the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number 22 of 2011 on the Permit for Disposal of Wastewater into the Sea of PT Titan Petrokimia Nusantara. The<br />purpose of the research is to identify the problem and the improvement step in wastewater treatment. The effectiveness of wastewater treatment  erformance at ETU (Effluent Treatment Unit) in 2015, especially on test parameters such as Total Dissolved Solid, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), Nitrate, Nitrite, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Statistical analysis SPSS Version 22 shows the average value of inlet and outlet there is a difference because the value of trithmetic is smaller than t table. In other words can give a significant influence on the<br />inlet and outlet. Percentage effectiveness of TDS reach 33,33%, TSS reach 91,67%, nitrate reach 25% while for nitrite reach 83,33%.</p>

scholarly journals Efisiensi Penurunan Kadar COD, TSS, dan TDS pada Air Limbah Industri Pangan menggunakan Koagulan Poly Alumunium Chloride dengan metode Jar Test

WARTA AKAB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zakaria ◽  
Sopian Sauri ◽  
Dian Mira Fadela ◽  
Puspita Sri Ayu Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Industri pangan menghasilkan air limbah berbahan organik dan padatan tersuspensi maupun terlarut yang tinggi. Salah satu proses pengolahan air limbah yaitu dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan padatan tersuspensi dan zat organik yang dapat menyebabkan kekeruhan serta bau dengan penambahan koagulan. Penambahan koagulan pada instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) tidak dilakukan secara kuantitatif, sehingga perlu dilakukan percobaan dengan metode jar test. Tujuan percobaan untuk mengetahui pH dan dosis optimum serta efisiensi koagulan poly aluminium chloride (PAC) untuk menurunkan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), dan total dissolved solid (TDS). Hasil uji parameter COD, TSS, dan TDS dibandingkan dengan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Tingkat 1 Jawa Barat (SK Gub TK 1 Jabar) No. 6 Tahun 1999 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair Bagi Kegiatan Industri di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan diperoleh kondisi optimum koagulan PAC pada pH air limbah 6–7 dengan dosis koagulan optimum pada (80–90) mg/L. Hasil pengujian parameter TS, TDS, TSS, kekeruhan dan COD berturut-turut memberikan nilai efisiensi sebesar (52,6-57,8)%, (53,9-55,5)%, (52,4-58,1)%, (97,8-99,1)%, dan (71,6–77,1)%. Percobaan yang dilakukan membuktikan bahwa koagulan PAC mampu menurunkan kadar pada parameter uji dengan nilai efisiensi yang cukup besar.

Bio-Treatment of Brewery Effluent Using Enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Aisien ◽  
G.A. Oyakhilomen ◽  
E.T. Aisien
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Brewery Effluent

The feasibility of treating brewery effluent using bio-catalysts (enzymes) was investigated. Carbohydrase, lipase, protease and a mixture enzyme made of carbohydrate and lipase were used. Brewery wastewater samples were collected and analyzed for 96 hrs, at intervals of 12 hrs. The physiochemical properties: biological oxygen demand BOD, chemical oxygen demand COD, total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid TDS, pH, phosphorus (PO4), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total hydrocarbon (THC) were determined using APHA standard method of analysis. The concentrations of the physiochemical properties of the brewery effluent decreased with increasing biodegradation time, for the various enzymes used. However, the different enzymes gave different percentage reductions of each of the physiochemical properties. The order of percentage reduction for the enzyme systems is mixed enzyme > carbohydrase > lipase > protease > control. Hence, the mixed enzyme gave the best results of 90%, 90%, 50%, 100%, 91.6% and 100% reductions for COD, BOD, TSS, NH4-N, PO4 and THC, respectively after 96 hrs. of biotreatment. However, the control gave the least percentage reductions of 6.9%, 5.3%, 16.4%, 7.1%, 5.8% and 50.0% for COD, BOD5, TSS, PO4, NH4-N, and THC respectively.

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