scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS PEEL AS A NATURAL COAGULANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyatharishini Mardarveran ◽  
Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Pre Treatment

The chemical coagulants used in the process of wastewater treatment causes negative implications on environment and human health. Exploration on natural coagulants as environmental friendly solution has been widely carried out. In present research, Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel is used as coagulant in treating domestic wastewater. This study aimed to assess optimum pH of wastewater and coagulant dosage by varying them to achieve the maximum removal rate of total suspended solid (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The studied range for pH of wastewater was pH 1-3 and dosage of coagulant within 50–70 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) implied in optimization of this coagulation process. Treatment using this natural coagulant enabled maximum reduction of turbidity, TSS, BOD and COD up to 80.7 %, 77.5 %, 34.3 % and 34.6 % respectively under optimum condition of pH 2.1 and dosage of 58 mg/L. These findings revealed higher reduction in turbidity and TSS. Thus, this study indicates the promising potential of the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract as an alternative bio-based coagulating agent for effective pre-treatment of wastewater. 

scholarly journals Aplikasi Metode Advance Oxidation Process (AOP) Fenton pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruka Yulia ◽  
Hesti Meilina ◽  
Adisalamun Adisalamun ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Advance Oxidation Process

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan proses Fenton dalam menurunkan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan kadar total suspended solid (TSS) dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) dan menentukan kondisi optimum dari parameter yang digunakan dengan Response Surface Methodology menurut Box- Behnken design. Sampel diambil pada keluaran pertama kolam anaerobik ketiga dari instalasi pengolahan limbah cair kelapa sawit yang mengandung nilai COD berkisar antara 8.000 hingga 12.000 ppm. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian pada berbagai pH, konsentrasi FeSO4.7H2O dan konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan proses AOP dengan metode Fenton dapat menurunkan konsentrasi COD dan TSS masing-masing adalah 70,7704% dan 88,3897% pada konsentrasi FeSO4.7H2O 3703,52 ppm, konsentrasi H2O2 5586,43 ppm, dan pH 3.

scholarly journals Treatment of Domestic Wastewater with Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Gasim Hayder ◽  
Puniyarasen Perumulselum ◽  
Hitham Alhussian
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactors

Fixed bed biofilm reactors were evaluated with three different arrangements of bio-balls. The performance of different arrangements was evaluated based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) and mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS). The three rectors were fabricated and operated in lab scale model with real domestic wastewater. Considering the TSS removal efficiency, arrangement one was the best followed by arrangement two and arrangement three. While for COD, arrangement one recorded the highest removal efficiency followed by arrangement two and column. The average COD concentration for arrangement one was 23 while for arrangement two and arrangement three was 25 and 36 mg/l respectively. The overall average effluent TSS concentrations for the arrangement one, two and three were 25, 32 and 45 mg/l respectively. TSS and COD removal was almost the same for arrangement one and arrangement two but arrangement one has the highest among them, and all removal is acceptable under Malaysian standards. Besides that, all the three arrangements have the differences in terms of maintenance and installation. There was no clogging occurred in all the three arrangements.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solid with Simple Integrated Treatment as an Alternative to Meet the Household Needs for Clean Water

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (E) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Zulfikar ◽  
Nasrullah Nasrullah ◽  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Wiwit Aditama
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clean Water

BACKGROUND: Domestic wastewater can cause health problems and pollute groundwater sources. Such pollution not only has a negative impact on health and the environment, but also on the cost in providing clean water. AIM: The outcome of domestic wastewater treatment through a proper technique is expected to meet the clean water quality standard for sanitation purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of domestic wastewater. The experiment was carried out with 6 variations of HRT, namely 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours with 4 repetitions. The media running process was carried out for 14 days until the reactor condition was in steady state. RESULTS: The results showed that the removal values ​​for COD, Oil and Fat, Ammonia and Total Coliform parameters were 68.03%, 46.51%, 69.64% and 68.99%, respectively. Based on the variation of HRT of 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours on the BOD parameter, the removal values ​​obtained were 11.7%, 21.3%, 34.7%, 49.0% and 64.1%, respectively. Furthermore, for the TSS parameter, the values obtained were 17.3%, 25.4%, 30.6%, 42.3% and 50.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HRT was proven to have a significant effect on the levels of BOD and TSS of domestic wastewater with a p-value of <0.05 at the 95% confidence level

Modifikasi Metode Bubble Aerator dan Filtrasi dalam Menurunkan Kadar TSS dan COD pada Limbah Cair Domestik di Jalan Pemuda Kota Tanjungpinang Tahun 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Veronika Amelia Simbolon ◽  
Razor Armada ◽  
Rinaldi Daswito
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
T Test ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Before And After

Domestic wastewater is wastewater, if not treated it can cause pollution. One of the efforts to reduce levels of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is to treat domestic waste. This study uses a modified bubble aerator and filtration method with zeolite, beach sand, and activated charcoal as an effort to reduce the levels of COD and TSS in domestic wastewater. This research method is a pre-trial using the One Group Pretest Postest design. Measurement of results is done before and after calculation. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data analysis performed was univariate and bivariate analysis. Paired statistical t-test was used to find out the difference in average TSS and COD levels before completion. Decreased TSS levels after training (79.36%) and COD after administration (13.48%). Paired t test results showed no difference before and after using the bubble aerator and filtration modification methods with p values ​​of 0.342 and 0.448, respectively. Modifications to the bubble aerator and filtration methods can be used to reduce TSS and COD levels in domestic wastewater, although statistics show insignificant results. It is hoped that further researchers will conduct further research to perfect the methods that had been estimated.    Keywords: TSS levels, COD, bubble-filtation aeration method

Application of sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) to recycled paper mill effluent treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Chen ◽  
Lirong Lei ◽  
Youming Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

Abstract Paper mill effluent has been characterized as recalcitrant because of containing lignin and its derivatives. Since biofilm system exhibits a notable potential for the removal of recalcitrant contaminants, a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was employed to treat coagulated recycled paper mill effluent in this study. The results indicated that the SBBR removed 91.3 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD), whilst total suspended solid (TSS) and color removal reached 83.1 % and 71.0 %, respectively. The microbial analysis suggested that three typical heterotrophic phyla, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria are dominant bacteria and reflected the removal of recalcitrant contaminants. The COD removal rate of SBBR is evidently superior to conventional activated sludge process due to high sludge concentration as well as long sludge retention time (SRT). Whilst the problem of sludge bulking can be successfully avoided, the blockage of reactor caused by TSS accumulation and microbial growth deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals The Treatment of Hospital Wasterwater Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrodes: Analysis by Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Darmadi M. Yusuf ◽  
Mirna Rahmah Lubis, ◽  
Adisalamun Adisalamun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Hospital wastewater basically contains organic materials and inorganic materials. Levels of these materials can be determined by testing of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The hospital wastewater treatment proposed in this research is the electrocoagulation treatment using electrodes Fe-Fe and uses the response surface method for optimizing the response variable. Referring to this resea rch, the result shows that the relationship between the process variables and the TSS is significantly influential. As the contact time (15, 30, and 45 minutes) is longer and the voltage (6, 9, and 12 volts) is higher, the percentage reductions of TSS increase. However, the electrolyte solution (0–1 M) has little influence/significance to a response variable of TSS. The highest percentage of TSS reduction is at the contact time 30 minutes and 12 volts, which declined at contact time 45 minutes. The model recommended is a quadratic form with a low error less than 1.6%. In such a way, the optimum condition is at contact time 36 minutes, voltage 12 volts, and the electrolyte (NaCl) concentration 0.1 M. The reduction percentage is TSS 72.45%.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the economic septic tank in the treatment of domestic wastewater and black water in rural areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e22910817232
Author(s):  
Guilherme Franceschini ◽  
Nathalie Dyane Miranda Slompo ◽  
Sergio Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
Valéria Cristina Rodrigues Sarnighausen ◽  
Jorge Lucas Junior
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Wastewater treatment in rural areas is important to prevent the pollution of aquatic environments and to protect the health of the population. Centralized treatment systems present a high cost, making the use of decentralized systems attractive. The use of septic tanks for on-site treatment of residential (single-family) is an attractive alternative within the context of Brazilian sanitation. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of the Economic Septic Tank in the treatment of wastewater of two residences located in a rural area. Two systems were installed: the first treat sanitary wastewater of a residence with three residents (A) and the second treat only the water from the toilet of a residence with five residents (B) (Black Water). For both systems, A and B, removal efficiencies were obtained in relation to total suspended solid (75%), biochemical oxygen demand (58 and 55%), and chemical oxygen demand (61 and 60%), respectively. Removal efficiencies were close, indicating that the system works satisfactorily in both systems, considering values indicated in the literature.

scholarly journals Turbidity, COD and Total Suspended Solid Removal: Application of Natural Coagulant Cassava Peel Starch

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Cassava Peel

Considering techno-financial oblige, cassava peel (CP) that is effectively accessible mechanical waste is concentrated to assess its appropriateness to be chosen as coagulant help for the water treatment framework. The process called coagulation and flocculation is the generation of consumable water from most raw water sources generally incorporates. The most well-known coagulant used in water treatment are aluminium salts, ferric salts and synthetic polymers. These coagulants are frequently costly and can hardly afford the costs of imported chemicals. Considering techno-economic constrain, cassava peel (CP) that is effectively accessible industrial waste is concentrated to assess its appropriateness to be chosen as coagulant aid for water treatment system. This aim for characterize cassava peel and to optimize coagulation and flocculation process using alum, CPS and alum : CPS. There are two types of equipment analysis involve to characterization the cassava peel namely scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. SEM-EDX micrograph had shown that the surface of the cassava peel samples was secured with smooth and globular in formed of bound a starch granule. The CP samples contain Fe2O 3 and Al2O 3 were analysis by XRF spectrometry indicated that which might contribute to its coagulation ability. The water samples used was collected at the water intake from Sembrong Dam. The raw water sample was characterized before the process of jar test. Jar test experiment was carried out by using alum, cassava peel starch and cassava peel + alum. The laboratory analysis was carried on turbidity, total suspended solid and COD removal. Recommended conditions (initial pH 9, 70 : 30 % of alum : CPS, and 60 min settling time) allowed Cassava peel and alum removed high turbidity, total suspended solid and chemical oxygen demand up to 90.32%, 89.86% and 18.87%, respectively. The effectiveness of cassava peel as coagulant aid was investigated from floc analysis. Besides that, based on the results with using SEM analysis, the images showed that the combination of alum +CPS was more compact and this can make denser because of the bridging of the particles that easy the floc to settle down. This study proved the use of natural coagulant from cassava peel as an alternative coagulant aid to reduce the usage of chemical coagulants.

scholarly journals Optimization of Coagulation-flocculation Process for Pre-treatment of Artisanal Tannery Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Appiah-Brempong ◽  
Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh ◽  
Nana Yaw Asiedu ◽  
Samuel Kwame Dadzie ◽  
Francis Yao Momade
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process

Abstract There is a dearth in knowledge on artisanal tannery wastewater treatment as most studies are focused on treatment of wastewater generated from modern-day leather manufacturing industries. The extensive use of plant materials in artisanal tanneries introduces high loads of polyphenolic compounds in the wastewater rendering biological treatment of the wastewater ineffective. This study, therefore, employed coagulation-flocculation process to pre-treat artisanal tannery wastewater with the aim of applying the central composite design, a statistical approach in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to model and optimize the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and turbidity and to minimize Sludge Volume Index (SVI). Optimization process focused on the two most important influencing parameters: dosage of aluminium sulphate and initial pH of wastewater. Results revealed that optimal pH and aluminium sulphate dosage of 6.09 and 11.6g/L respectively could yield maximum removal efficiencies of 38.51% of COD, 76.05% of TSS and 79.64% of turbidity from the wastewater with a minimum SVI of 29.57mL/g. Further experiments conducted to validate these results showed a good agreement between the experimental and predicted results signifying the suitability of RSM for optimization of the coagulation treatment process. This is the first reported study on optimization of coagulation-flocculation treatment of artisanal tannery wastewater. Results of this study can be used practically for efficient pre-treatment of artisanal tannery wastewater.

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