Coupling of numerical models of mesh generation and heat transfer of a tree trunk in a forest fire environment

This paper refers to a numerical study of the hypo-thermal behaviour of a pine tree in a forest fire environment. The pine tree thermal response numerical model is based on energy balance integral equations for the tree elements and mass balance integral equation for the water in the tree. The simulation performed considers the heat conduction through the tree elements, heat exchanges by convection between the external tree surfaces and the environment, heat exchanges by radiation between the flame and the external tree surfaces and water heat loss by evaporation from the tree to the environment. The virtual three-dimensional tree model has a height of 7.5 m and is constituted by 8863 cylindrical elements representative of its trunks, branches and leaves. The fire front has 10 m long and a 2 m high. The study was conducted taking into account that the pine tree is located 5, 10 or 15 m from the fire front. For these three analyzed distances, the numerical results obtained regarding to the distribution of the view factors, mean radiant temperature and surface temperatures of the pine tree are presented. As main conclusion, it can be stated that the values of the view factor, MRT and surface temperatures of the pine tree decrease with increasing distance from the pine tree in front of fire.

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Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses for Uncooled Gas Turbine Blade Tip: Effect of Tip Clearance and Tip Geometry

Volume 4: Turbo Expo 2007, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/gt2007-27008 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lamyaa A. El-Gabry

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Mach Number ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Computational Study ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Pressure Ratio ◽

Tip Clearance ◽

Pressure Losses ◽

Blade Tip ◽

Exit Mach Number

A computational study has been performed to predict the heat transfer distribution on the blade tip surface for a representative gas turbine first stage blade. CFD predictions of blade tip heat transfer are compared to test measurements taken in a linear cascade, when available. The blade geometry has an inlet Mach number of 0.3 and an exit Mach number of 0.75, pressure ratio of 1.5, exit Reynolds number based on axial chord of 2.57×106, and total turning of 110 deg. Three blade tip configurations were considered; they are flat tip, a full perimeter squealer, and an offset squealer where the rim is offset to the interior of the tip perimeter. These three tip geometries were modeled at three tip clearances of 1.25, 2.0, and 2.75% of blade span. The tip heat transfer results of the numerical models agree fairly well with the data and are comparable to other CFD predictions in the open literature.

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Analysis of Heat Transfer through PVC Window Profile Reinforced with Ti6Al4V Alloy

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.687.236 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 687 ◽

pp. 236-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Piotr Lacki ◽

Judyta Różycka ◽

Marcin Rogoziński

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Characteristic Temperature ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Transfer Coefficients ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Ti6al4v Titanium Alloy ◽

Characteristic Points

This requires the use of additional reinforcement in order to prevent excessive or permanent deformation of PVC windows. In the paper particular attention was devoted to space located in a corrosive environment exposed to chemical agents. For this purpose, proposed to change the previously used steel profiles reinforcements made of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy corrosion-resistant in the air, at sea and many types of industrial atmosphere. Analysis of the thermal insulation properties of PVC windows with additional reinforcement of profile Ti6Al4V titanium alloy was performed. PVC window set in a layer of thermal insulation was analyzed. Research was conducted using Finite Element Analysis. Numerical models and thermal calculations were made in the program ADINA, assuming appropriate material parameters. The constant internal temperature of 20 ̊ and an outer-20 ̊ was assumed. The course of temperature distribution in baffle in time 24 hours and graphs of characteristic points was obtained. The time of in which followed the steady flow of heat, as well as the course of isotherm of characteristic temperature in the baffle was determined. On the basis of numerical analysis obtained vector distribution of heat flux q [W/m2] and was determined heat transfer coefficients U [W/m2K] for the whole window with titanium reinforcement . All results were compared with the model of PVC windows reinforced with steel profile.

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Mathematical Modelling of Deciduous Tree Ignition by Ground Lightning Discharge Taking into Account Localization of Reactive Wood

Siberian Journal of Physics ◽

10.54362/1818-7919-2011-6-4-95-106 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 95-106

Author(s):

Nikolay Baranovskiy ◽

Geniy Kuznetsov

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Numerical Simulation ◽

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Lightning Discharge ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Tree Trunk ◽

Mathematical Statement ◽

Cylindrical System ◽

Typical Range

Physical and mathematical statement and results of the numerical simulation of a problem about deciduous tree (birch) ignition by ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is considered in flat statement in cylindrical system of coordinates. Heat transfer features taking into account localization of reactive wood are considered. The parametrical analysis is carried out and conditions of tree trunk ignition in a typical range of parameters of influence of positive discharges are obtained

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Parametric height influence analysis on thermal radiation and convection applied to real ovens

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/09544089211037517 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440892110375

Author(s):

Sílvio Aparecido Verdério Júnior ◽

Vicente Luiz Scalon ◽

Santiago del Rio Oliveira ◽

Elson Avallone ◽

Paulo César Mioralli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Thermal Radiation ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Radiation Heat Transfer ◽

Geometric Optimization ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

High Productivity ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Lower Height ◽

Heat Exchanges

Due to their greater flexibility in heating and high productivity, continuous tunnel-type ovens have become the best option for industrial processes. The geometric optimization of ovens to better take advantage of the heat transfer mechanisms by convection and thermal radiation is increasingly researched; with the search for designs that combine lower fuel consumption, greater efficiency and competitiveness, and lower costs. In this sense, this work studied the influence of height on heat exchanges by radiation and convection and other flow parameters to define the best geometric height for the real oven under study. From the dimensions and real operating conditions of continuous tunnel-type ovens were built five numerical models of parametric variation, which were simulated with the free and open-source software OpenFOAM®. The turbulent forced convection regime was characterized in all models. The use of greater heights in the ovens increased and intensified the recirculation regions, reduced the rates of heat transfer by thermal radiation, and reduced the losses of heat by convection. The order of magnitude of heat exchanges by radiation proved to be much higher than heat exchanges by convection, confirming the results of the main references in the technical-scientific literature. It was concluded that the use of ovens with a lower height provides significant increases in the thermal radiation heat transfer rates.

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Thermal-Structural Design of Actively-Cooled Panels Reinforced by Light-Weight Truss Cores

Volume 1: Advances in Aerodynamics ◽

10.1115/imece2013-63352 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Hongwei Song ◽

Mingjun Li ◽

Chenguang Huang ◽

Xi Wang

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

Convective Heat Transfer ◽

Convective Heat ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Lightweight Design ◽

Optimization Procedure ◽

Combustion Gas ◽

Design Variables

This paper focuses on thermal-structural analysis and lightweight design of actively-cooled panels reinforced by low density lattice-framed material (LFM) truss cores. Numerical models for actively-cooled panels are built up with parametric codes to perform the coupled thermal-structural analysis, considering the internal thermal environment of convective heat transfer in the combustor and convective heat transfer in the cooling channel, and internal pressures from the combustion gas and the coolant. A preliminary comparison of the LFM truss reinforced actively-cooled panel and the non-reinforced panel demonstrates that the thermal-structural behavior is significantly improved. Then, an optimization procedure is carried out to find the lightest design while satisfying thermal deformation and plastic strain constraints, with thicknesses of face sheets and topology parameters of LFM truss as design variables. The optimization result demonstrates that, compared with the non-reinforced actively-cooled panels, weight reduction for the panel reinforced by LFM truss may reach 19.6%. We have also fabricated this type of actively-cooled panel in the laboratory level, and the specimen shows good mechanical behaviors.

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The Research of Energy Conversion and Heat Transfer in the Ceramic Foams of Solar Energy Converter

Volume 4: Energy Systems Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; Combustion Science and Engineering; Nanoengineering for Energy, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2011-63013 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Yangbo Deng ◽

Fengmin Su ◽

Chunji Yan

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Numerical Model ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Air Flow ◽

Energy Converter ◽

Ceramic Foams ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

Flow Through

The solar energy converter in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) system, applies the solid frame structure of the ceramic foams to receive the concentrated solar radiation, convert it into thermal energy, and heat the air flow through the ceramic foams by convection heat transfer. In this paper, first, the pressure drops in the studied ceramic foams were measured under all kinds of flow condition. Based on the experimental results, an empirical numerical model was built for the air flow through ceramic foams. Second, a 3-D numerical model was built, for the receiving and conversion of the solar energy in the ceramic foams of the solar energy converter. Third, applying two aforementioned numerical models, the numerical studies of the thermal performance were carried out, for the solar energy converter filled with the ceramic foams, and results show that the structure parameters of the ceramic foams, the effective reflective area and the solar radiation intensity of the solar concentrator, have direct impacts on the absorptivity and conversion efficiency of the solar energy in the solar energy converter. And the results of the numerical studies are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements. This paper will provide a reference for the design and manufacture of the solar energy converter with the ceramic foams.

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Radiation Heat Transfer Environment in Fire and Furnace Tests of Radioactive Materials Packages

Volume 7: Operations, Applications and Components ◽

10.1115/pvp2009-77017 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Allen C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Radiation Heat Transfer ◽

Flame Temperature ◽

Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽

Radiation Environment ◽

Radiation Heat ◽

Radioactive Materials ◽

Fire Event ◽

Fire Environment ◽

Accident Conditions

The Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC) sequential tests of radioactive materials (RAM) packages includes a thermal test to confirm the ability of the package to withstand a transportation fire event. The test specified by the regulations (10 CFR 71) consists of a 30 minute, all engulfing, hydrocarbon fuel fire, with an average flame temperature of at least 800°C. The requirements specify an average emissivity for the fire of at least 0.9, which implies an essentially black radiation environment. Alternate tests which provide equivalent total heat input at the 800°C time averaged environmental temperature may also be employed. When alternate tests methods are employed, such as furnace or gaseous fuel fires, the equivalence of the radiation environment may require justification. The effects of furnace and open confinement fire environments are compared with the regulatory fire environment, including the effects of gases resulting from decomposition of package overpack materials. The results indicate that furnace tests can produce the required radiation heat transfer environment, i.e., equivalent to the postulated pool fire. An open enclosure, with transparent (low emissivity) fire does not produce an equivalent radiation environment.

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