scholarly journals Phosphate adsorption characteristics of two soils responding differently to P fertilization

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Organic C

The soil samples of the present study originated from two field experiments in which five rates of P (annually 0, 13 or 16, 26 or 32, 47 or 56, 60 or 72 kg P/ha) had been applied for 11 or 12 years. The fields were silty clay soils (Cryochrepts) not differing markedly in pH, contents of clay, organic C, or poorly crystalline Al and Fe oxides. Before the field experiment, the quantities of P extracted with an ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.65) were approximately 6 mg/dm3 in both fields. However, the fields differed considerably in the response of the crop to P fertilization. Phosphorus adsorption by the soil samples was studied by shaking the samples in solutions of different P concentrations (0 —0.5 mg/l). Soil I, showing greater response to P fertilization in the field, adsorbed P considerably more effectively than did soil II. Also the quantities of reversibly adsorbed P were smaller in the subsamples of soil I as compared to those of soil II receiving the same fertilization. Fertilizer P applied during the field experiments had been adsorbed and converted to forms unavailable to plants to a larger extent in soil I, resulting in greater response to P fertilization in this soil. The difference in response to applied P or in residual effect of P fertilization could not be predicted from soil characteristics other than P sorption.

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Phosphorus availability as a function of its time of contact with different soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemmannuella C. Santos ◽  
Fábio H. T. de Oliveira ◽  
Adailson P. de Souza ◽  
Ignácio H. Salcedo ◽  
Valério D. M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
P Content ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) availability is related to soil sorption capacity and is relevant to planning P fertilization and evaluating its residual effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the P availability to maize plants after different incubation times of six soils from Paraíba state. For this, four doses of P (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) were applied in samples of six soils for 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 360 days. After the incubation time, the soil samples received fertilization with macro and micronutrients and were cultivated with maize for 35 days, when they were harvested and analyzed to verify dry matter and P content in soil. The increase in the time of contact of P with the soil decreased P availability to plants; however, the formation of non-labile P was negligible in most soils. After 360 days of incubation, between 26 and 71% of P applied at the highest dose was recovered.

Effect of Soil Type and Liming Rates on Rotational Forage Crop Injury Following Metsulfuron Methyl

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Holloway ◽  
A. Wayne Cole ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Solution pH from 6.0 to 8.0 did not affect the germination of Italian ryegrass, ‘Pensacola bahiagrass,’ or common bermudagrass grown in petri dishes in growth chambers. Seeding intervals following metsulfuron methyl application varied from species to species and between soil types. Greenhouse studies indicated that in an Okolona silty clay, common bermudagrass should not be planted until 12 wk after metsulfuron methyl application. Italian ryegrass showed no metsulfuron methyl injury at the 6-wk sampling date when no lime was added, indicating reseeding was feasible at this time; however, a 12-wk time interval was not sufficient when lime was applied. Pensacola bahiagrass was injured when reseeded at 12 wk, regardless of liming rate. In a Prentiss fine sandy loam soil, common bermudagrass could be reseeded 12 wk after application when no lime was added, but not when lime was added. Italian ryegrass and Pensacola bahiagrass should not be reseeded for at least 12 wk, regardless of lime rate. Field experiments, where metsulfuron methyl was applied to the field and seeding was carried out in the greenhouse, indicated on the Okolona silty clay that common bermudagrass reseeding could occur at all liming rates after 3 wk, and Italian ryegrass and Pensacola bahiagrass after 6 wk. In the Prentiss fine sandy loam, common bermudagrass reseeding could occur at 3 wk, regardless of lime rate. Italian ryegrass emergence was not affected when reseeded immediately after metsulfuron methyl application, but height was reduced for longer periods, and increased lime rate lengthened this interval. Pensacola bahiagrass reseeding was feasible at 3 wk.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
D. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Difference

At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.

Soil organic carbon stocks under different páramo vegetation covers in Ecuador’s northern Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Calispa ◽  
Raphaël van Ypersele ◽  
Benoît Pereira ◽  
Sebastián Páez-Bimos ◽  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Volcanic Ash Soils

<p>The Ecuadorian páramo, a neotropical ecosystem located in the upper Andes, acts as a constant source of high-quality water. It also stores significant amounts of C at the regional scale. In this region, volcanic ash soils sustain most of the paramo, and C storage results partly from their propensity to accumulate organic matter. Vegetation type is known to influence the balance between plant C inputs and soil C losses, ultimately affecting the soil organic C (SOC) content and stock. Tussock-forming grass (spp. Calamagrostis Intermedia; TU), cushion-like plants (spp. Azorella pedunculata; CU) and shrubs and trees (Polylepis stands) are commonly found in the páramo. Our understanding of SOC stocks and dynamics in the páramo remains limited, despite mounting concerns that human activities are increasingly affecting vegetation and potentially, the capacity of these ecosystems to store C.</p><p>Here, we compare the organic C content and stock in soils under tussock-forming grass (spp. Calamagrostis Intermedia; TU) and soils under cushion-like plants (spp. Azorella pedunculata; CU). The study took place at Jatunhuayco, a watershed on the western slopes of Antisana volcano in the northern Ecuadorian Andes. Two areas of similar size (~0.35 km<sup>2</sup>) were surveyed. Fourty soil samples were collected randomly in each area to depths varying from 10 to 30 cm (A horizon) and from 30 to 75 cm (2Ab horizon). The soils are Vitric Andosols and the 2Ab horizon corresponds to a soil buried by the tephra fall from the Quilotoa eruption about 800 yr. BP. Sixteen intact soil samples were collected in Kopecky's cylinders for bulk density (BD) determination of each horizon.</p><p>The average SOC content in the A horizon of the CU sites (9.4±0.5%) is significantly higher (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05) than that of the TU sites (8.0±0.4%), probably reflecting a larger input of root biomass from the cushion-forming plants. The 2Ab horizon contains less organic C (i.e. TU: 4.3±0.3% and CU: 4.0±0.4%) than the A horizon, but the SOC contents are undistinguishable between the two vegetation types. This suggests that the influence of vegetation type on SOC is limited to the A horizon. The average SOC stocks (in the first 30 cm from the soil) for TU and CU are 20.04±1.1 and 18.23±1.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>,<sup></sup>respectively. These values are almost two times greater than the global average reported for Vitric Andosols (~8.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ), but are lower than the estimates obtained for some wetter Andean páramos (22.5±5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 270% higher rainfall) from Ecuador. Our stock values further indicate that vegetation type has a limited effect on C storage in the young volcanic ash soils found at Jatunhuyaco. Despite a higher SOC content, the CU soils store a stock of organic C similar to that estimated for the TU soils. This likely reflects the comparatively lower BD of the former soils (650±100 vs. 840±30 kg/m<sup>3</sup>). Additional studies are needed in order to establish the vegetation-related factors driving the SOC content and stability in the TU and CU soils.</p>

scholarly journals Organic residue, limestone, gypsum, and phosphorus adsorption by lowland soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Teixeira Andrade ◽  
Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes ◽  
Valdemar Faquin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
P Adsorption ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Gypsum Application

Organic residue application is a low cost alternative to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and correctives. In order to study the effect of organic residues, limestone and gypsum application on phosphorus adsorption by lowland soils, four experiments were carried out. A Mesic Organosol (OY), a Melanic Gleysol (MG), a Haplic Gleysol (GX), and a Fluvic Neosol (RU) were used in a completely randomized design and factorial scheme (3 x 2), with five replicates: three soil amendment practices (limestone, gypsum and no corrective) and two levels of organic residue (with and without corral manure). Soil samples were incubated for 60 days, with and without organic residue incorporation. After this period, we applied the corrective and incubated the soil for 30 days, then P and basic fertilization (macro and micronutrients) were applied and the soil was incubated for additional 60 days. Equilibrium phosphorus, maximum phosphate adsorption capacity, pH, exchangeable Al and phosphorus-buffering index were measured. Organic residue and limestone application increased soil pH and reduced exchangeable Al, decreasing P adsorption. Gypsum application did not increase the pH but reduced exchangeable Al and P adsorption.

Soil organic carbon sequestration potential for Canadian Agricultural Ecoregions calculated using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Bolinder ◽  
O. Andrén ◽  
T. Kätterer ◽  
L -E Parent
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Sequestration Potential

The potential for storage of atmospheric CO2-C as soil organic C (SOC) in agroecosystems depends largely on soil biological activity and the quantity and quality of annual C inputs to soil. In this study we used the Introductory Carbon Balance Model (ICBM) approach driven by daily standard weather station data, specific soil properties and crop characteristics at the scale of Canadian agricultural ecoregions. The objectives were to calculate a climate-dependent soil biological activity parameter representative for annual agricultural crop production systems (re_crop) and to estimate the effect of fallow (re_fallow). These parameters are based on the daily product of soil temperature and stored water that influence biological activity in the arable layer, and are used to adjust the decomposition rates of the ICBM SOC pools. We also tested re_crop and re_fallow on SOC stock change data for different site and treatment combinations from long-term field experiments located in some of the ecoregions. An re_crop value of 0.95 for western ecoregions was on average 0.23 units lower than that of the eastern ecoregions, indicating a lower decomposition rate of SOC. Although the estimated annual C inputs to soil for small-grain cereals were on average ≈7.5% higher in the eastern ecoregions (305 vs. 285 g C m-2 yr-1), the overall results suggest that the western ecoregions would have a greater potential to maintain high SOC levels in the long term. However, these parameters varied between ecoregions and, consequently, the SOC sequestration potential was not always higher for the western ecoregions. The effect of fallow was on average ≈0.04, i.e., SOC decomposed slightly faster under fallow. Predictions for 24 out of 33 site and treatment combinations across Canada were significantly improved (P = 0.003), compared with a previous application with the ICBM that did not differentiate between crops and fallow. The methodology used here enabled us to examine regional differences in the potential for SOC sequestration as a balance between annual C inputs to soil and soil biological activity. Key words: Annual C inputs, climate, fallow, soil biological activity, agroecosystems

Trace element uptake by two British Columbia forages as affected by poultry manure application

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
L. E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trace Element Uptake

Field experiments evaluated yield response to deep-pit poultry manure application to barley on a clay soil near Prince George and a grass-legume forage on a silty clay loam soil near Chilliwack, B.C. Substantial dry matter yield increases were measured at manure applications up to 20 t ha−1. Subsamples of both crops and the poultry manure were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, B and Co. Selenium analyses were made on selected crop samples. There were no indications of toxicity problems even at 40 t ha−1, the highest application. Copper and Zn concentrations in forages were increased by the poultry manure and the Mn/Cu ratio tended to decrease with manure application. Key words: Orchardgrass, ladino clover, barley, micronutrients

scholarly journals Simulating soil organic C dynamics in managed grasslands under humid temperate climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Jebari ◽  
Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes ◽  
Guillermo Pardo ◽  
María Almagro ◽  
Agustin del Prado
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Rothc Model ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract. Temperate grasslands are of paramount importance in terms of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Globally, research on SOC dynamics has largely focused on forests, croplands and natural grasslands, while intensively managed grasslands has received much less attention. In this regard, we aimed to improve the prediction of SOC dynamics in managed grasslands under humid temperate regions. In order to do so, we modified and recalibrated the SOC model RothC, originally developed to model the turnover of SOC in arable topsoils, which requires limited amount of readily available input data. The modifications proposed for the RothC are: (1) water content up to saturation conditions in the soil water function of RothC to fit the humid temperate climatic conditions, (2) entry pools that account for particularity of exogenous organic matter (EOM) applied (e.g., ruminant excreta), (3) annual variation in the carbon inputs derived from plant residues considering both above- and below-ground plant residue and rhizodeposits components as well as their quality, and (4) the livestock treading effect (i.e., poaching damage) as a common problem in humid areas with higher annual precipitation. In the paper, we describe the basis of these modifications, carry out a simple sensitivity analysis and validate predictions against data from existing field experiments from four sites in Europe. Model performance showed that modified RothC reasonably captures well the different modifications. However, the model seems to be more sensitive to soil moisture and plant residues modifications than to the other modifications. The applied changes in RothC model could be appropriate to simulate both farm and regional SOC dynamics from managed grassland-based systems under humid temperate conditions.

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