Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters of Nellore bulls supplemented with increasing levels of crude glycerin in Brachiaria Brizantha pastures

SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of increasing levels of crude glycerin in multiple supplements for grazing beef cattle on intake, nutrient digestibility, pH, ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen, and serum glucose. Five Nellore steers (initial BW of 480 kg [SD 15]), grazing a tropical pasture, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments used were control (no supplementation; only a mineral mixture ad libitum) and four levels of crude glycerin (0, 80, 160, 240 g/kg of supplements). Supplementation type had no impact (P > 0.05) on pH at 0 and 4 h after supplementation. Animals supplemented with different levels of crude glycerin showed higher N-NH3 values (P < 0.05) at 4 h after supplementation. Crude glycerin supplementation did not reduce pasture intake (P > 0.05), increasing dry matter intake (P > 0.05) due to increased organic matter digestibility (P > 0.05). Supplementation of 4 kg/animal with crude glycerin (240 g/kg supplement) did not reduce pasture intake and organic matter digestibility.

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Studies of natural herbage of the subtropics II. The effect of added concentrates on the digestibility of herbage

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600013253 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 393-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. H. Topps

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Marked Improvement ◽

Latin Square ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Four Levels ◽

Mixed Feeds ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Effect Of Feeding

1. The effect of feeding three levels of concentrates on the organic matter digestibility of two kinds of herbage was determined in four Latin square trials with four wether sheep.2. Analysis of variance of the trials showed that the organic matter digestibility of all mixed feeds was significantly higher than that of the corresponding herbage. With one exception, the organic matter digestibility of the mixed feeds within each trial was not significantly different.3. The digestibility coefficients of the concentrates, derived by difference, were invariably high and exceeded 100% for four levels of addition. This indicated a marked improvement of the digestibility of herbage when it was fed with certain levels of concentrate.4. A possible explanation of the increase of digestibility was discussed and the practical implications of the results indicated.

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Effects of dietary level of selenium and grain on digestive metabolism in lambs

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/6823-cjas ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 253-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

O.E. Del Razo-Rodríguez ◽

Ramírez-BribiescaJE ◽

R. López-Arellano ◽

Revilla-VázquezAL ◽

S.S. González-Muñoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Four Levels ◽

Ruminal Digestion ◽

Different Levels ◽

Matter Flow ◽

Corn Grain

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of selenium with two levels of grain corn in the diets on ruminal, postruminal, and total tract digestion of nutrients, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and selenium balance in lambs. A split-plot design was used in four periods with repeated Latin square using eight Suffolk × Dorset male lambs with four levels of selenium (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3), without adding selenium, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg of selenium/kg dry matter (DM) with 70 and 50% of corn grain in the diet. The four selenium levels affected organic matter as follows: starch, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen and selenium excretion; selenium ruminal digestion; organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen and selenium postruminal digestion; and organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen and selenium total tract digestion (P < 0.05). Starch and organic matter flow decreased with 0.6 and 0.9 mg of selenium with the 70% grain diet (P < 0.05). Selenium flow increased linearly with selenium levels (P < 0.01) with both levels of grain. Selenium supplementation increased linearly selenium concentration in ruminal fluid (P < 0.01), but did not affect other ruminal characteristics. Also, selenium absorption and retention was increased by selenium concentrations (P < 0.01). The apparent absorption of selenium increased (31%, P < 0.01) with the 70% grain diet. In conclusion, the high content of nonstructural carbohydrates improved the availability of selenium and 0.9 mg of selenium/kg DM improved the absorption and availability of selenium.

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49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 55-56

Author(s):

Noheli Gutierrez ◽

Jamie A Boyd

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Cold Water ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Study Results ◽

Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

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Using glycerin with chitosan extracted from shrimp residue to enhance rumen fermentation and feed use in native Thai bulls

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1158-1164 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1158-1164

Author(s):

Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sarong So ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Design Factor ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

High Level

Background and Aim: Crude glycerin is changed to propionate in the rumen, while chitosan can be used as a feed supplement to increase propionic acid concentration and decrease methane (CH4) production. We hypothesized that supplementation with a combination of a high level of crude glycerin with chitosan could have a beneficial effect on ruminal fermentation and mitigate CH4 production. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of crude glycerin and chitosan supplementation on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and CH4 calculation in native Thai bulls. Materials and Methods: Four 2-year-old native Thai bulls, weighing 150±20 kg, were kept in a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A represented the incorporation of crude glycerin at 10.5% and 21% of the dry matter (DM) of a total mixed ration (TMR), and factor B represented the supplementation of chitosan at 1% and 2% DM of a TMR. Results: Increasing levels of crude glycerin at 21% decreased DM intake by 0.62 kg/day compared with 10.5% crude glycerin (p<0.05), whereas nutrient digestibility did not change (p>0.05). The incorporated crude glycerin and supplemented chitosan levels did not affect the pH, temperature, concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, microbial population, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). Supplemented chitosan and incorporated crude glycerin did not show any interaction effects on the molar portions and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), except estimated CH4. Increasing the incorporated crude glycerin levels increased propionate and decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio, whereas levels of butyrate, acetate, and total VFAs were unchanged. The combination of crude glycerin at 21% in the TMR with chitosan at 2% reduced CH4 estimation by 5.08% compared with the other feed treatment. Conclusion: Increasing incorporated crude glycerin levels in a TMR significantly elevated the propionate concentration, whereas combining 21% crude glycerin in the TMR diet with 2% chitosan supplementation could depress CH4 estimation more effectively than adding one of these supplements alone.

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Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-952 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

N. Suphrap ◽

C. Wachirapakorn ◽

C. Thamrongyoswittayakul and C. Wongnen

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Latin Square ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Cassava Pulp ◽

Four Levels ◽

Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P less than 0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P greater than 0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

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Effect of Dried Leaves of Leucaena leucocephala on Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Microbial Population, and Enteric Methane Production in Crossbred Heifers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

María Denisse Montoya-Flores ◽

Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero ◽

Jacobo Arango ◽

José Luis Romano-Muñoz ◽

Francisco Javier Solorio-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Daily Production ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Four Levels ◽

Fermentation Parameters

The effects of dietary inclusion of dried Leucaena leucocephala leaves (DLL) on nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters, microbial rumen population, and production of enteric methane (CH4) in crossbred heifers were evaluated. Four heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four periods and four levels of inclusion of DLL: 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% of dry matter (DM) intake. Results showed that DM intake (DMI), organic matter intake, and gross energy intake (GEI) were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and energy decreased with increasing levels of DLL in the ration (p < 0.05). In contrast, digestible crude protein (CP) was higher (p < 0.05) in treatments with 12% and 24% DM of DLL. The inclusion of DLL did not affect (p > 0.05) rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids. Rumen microbial community was not affected (p > 0.05) by treatment. There was a linear reduction (p < 0.05) in CH4 emissions as the levels of DLL in the ration were increased. Results of this study suggest that an inclusion of 12% DM of ration as DLL enhances digestible CP and reduces daily production of enteric CH4 without adversely affecting DMI, rumen microbial population, and fermentation parameters.

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Supplementation levels for pre-weaning grazing beef heifers during the rainy-dry transition season

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽

pp. 3719

Author(s):

Victor Rezende Moreira Couto ◽

Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Edenio Detmann ◽

Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Production Performance ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Fecal Excretion ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Transition Season ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Mineral Mixture ◽

Internal Marker ◽

Different Levels

This study was undertaken to examine production performance, pasture and milk intakes and nutrient digestibility in heifers supplemented with different levels of energy in a creep-feeding system on Urochloa decumbens Stapf pastures during the rainy-dry transition season. Fifty-one heifers with predominant Nellore genetic composition (average initial age and weight: 120 days and 133.4 ± 3.12 kg) and their respective dams were used in an evaluation of production performance, intake, and diet digestibility. Four treatments were evaluated, namely, MM - mineral mixture; T250 - 0.250 kg of supplement per head per day; T500 - 0.500 kg of supplement per head per day; and T750 - 0.750 kg of supplement per head per day, totaling three groups with 13 animals each and one group with 12 animals. All supplements were balanced to provide 100 g of CP animal-1 day-1. LIPE® and chromium oxide were used as external markers to estimate fecal excretion and individual DM and supplement intakes, respectively, whereas iNDF was used as an internal marker for pasture DM intake. Production performance did not differ between the supplemented and unsupplemented animals. Total DM intake and pasture DM intake were higher in the group supplemented with concentrate, and the same was observed for the digestibility of DM and NDFap consumed by the animals. The average cow milk yield was 5.33 kg/day, with average protein and fat contents of 3.51% and 4.85%, respectively. In conclusion, compared to the use of mineral mixture only, multiple supplementation at different levels containing 100 g of CP does not significantly improve performance in lactating beef heifers grazing on Urochloa decumbens Stapf and supplemented during the rainy-dry transition season.

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Effects of grinding, pelleting and expanding on nutritive value of barley in pig diets

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72458 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 461-469

Author(s):

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Pellet Quality ◽

Protein Utilization ◽

Grinding Method

Nutrient digestibility and protein utilization responses ofgrowing pigs to different processes of barley were evaluated. The assayed treatments of barley were grinding methods: hammer milling (FIM) and rolling (RM), pelleting (FIP, RP), expanding (HE, RE) and their combination (HEP, REP). The study comprised a 8 x 8 Latin square designed digestibility and nitrogen balance trial with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The average grist size of HM barley was smaller and wider than that of RM. Pelleting and expanding reduced the grist size and made the distribution wider compared to untreated ones. HM compared to RM achieved improved pellet quality, but expanding had no effect on pellet durability. Only small differences were found in the proximate composition or sugar content indicating a gelatinization degree of differently processed barleys. Grinding method had no effect on organic matter (OM) digestibility, whereas RM improved protein (CP) digestibility (P

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Peningkatan Kualitas Jerami Padi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kecernaan Nutrien dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Kerbau dengan Feces Sebagai Sumber Inokulum

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v13i2.822 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syapura Syapura ◽

Muhamad Bata ◽

Wardhana Surya Pratama

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

Improving of rice straw quality and its effect on ability nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolism products of buffalo in-vitro with feces as inoculum source ABSTRACT. This study was aimed to determine the effect of feeding ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate on buffalo nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation products by in vitro. The Research was carried out by using experimental method, designed according to completely randomized design (CRD). The source of inoculum was obtain from different feces of three buffalos kept in Datar Village of Purwokerto region fed rice straw, rice straw plus concentrate and rice straw ammoniated plus concentrate with dry matter ratio of 80 : 20. The treatments tested consisted of three treatments, namely R0 = control feed using rice straw; R1 = the use of rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of (DM basis) 80:20; R2 = the use of ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of (DM basis) 80:20. The treatments were repeated 7 times, so there were 21 experimental units. The Variables measured included total VFA, Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The result of this study showed that the treatment had an effect significant (P0.05) on the concentration of VFA, Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), and Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The HSD test showed that the highest production of VFA,Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility were achieved at R2 followed by R1 and R0 respectively. The conclusion is that the ammoniated rice straw supplemented with concentrate can be recommended to be fed to buffalo

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THE ADDITION OF BUFFERS TO RUMINANT RATIONS: III. THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM PROPIONATE, LIMESTONE AND COD LIVER OIL ON APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NITROGEN RETENTION OF AN ALL-CONCENTRATE RATION

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas62-011 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. W. G. Nicholson ◽

D. W. Friend ◽

H. M. Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Cod Liver Oil ◽

Sodium Propionate ◽

Cent Sodium ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Design Experiments

Rumen-fistulated yearling steers were used in two 4 × 4 latin square design experiments to determine the digestibility and nitrogen retention of all-concentrate rations with various supplements. The inclusion of 5.7 per cent sodium bicarbonate in either a ground- or dry-rolled-grain ration resulted in an increase in urine excretion. Digestibility of organic matter and nitrogen or nitrogen retention were not affected. The addition of 60 milliliters of cod liver oil (1200 I.U. vitamin A, 150 I.U. vitamin D per gram) per day to the bicarbonate supplemented, ground-grain ration tended to decrease organic matter digestibility while the addition of 3.6 per cent sodium propionate tended to increase organic matter digestibility. Differences between these rations and the bicarbonate ration were not statistically significant; however, the percentage of nitrogen retained on the cod liver oil supplemented ration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than on the propionate supplemented ration.The inclusion of 5.7 per cent ground limestone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the digestibility of dry matter, and nitrogen, but the digestibility of organic matter was not significantly lower at this probability level.

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