scholarly journals Optimization of centrifugal separation of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Tupasela ◽  
Petri Koskela ◽  
Eero Pahkala ◽  
Veikko Kankare
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Whey proteins, which are mainly composed of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-la), account for about 20% of the proteins of bovine milk. In this study we investigated the effect of pH, dry matter content, concentration factor, heat treatment and centrifugation on the separation of α-la from β-lg using clarified whey as raw material, α-La precipitation was highest, 23.3%, when the dry matter content ranged from 5.8% to 25.7%. The optimum pH of α-la precipitation depended on the dry matter content. The separation efficiency increased when the concentration factor and heat treatment time at 55°C increased. A longer centrifugation time and higher separation speed did not have a marked effect on the separation efficiency. Separation was more efficient with a higher centrifugation speed at concentration levels 30 X and 60 X. The separation efficiency did not improve when the temperature was raised from 55°C to 65°C but it was better at a concentration level 120 X than at 60 X and 30 X, and also at concentration level 60 X than with 30 X.

scholarly journals BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM AMARANTH BIOMASS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Vladimír Sitkey ◽  
Ján Gaduš ◽  
Ľubomír Kliský ◽  
Alexander Dudák
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Amaranthus Spp

Abstract Energy variety of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) was grown in large-scale trials in order to verify the capability of its cultivation and use as a renewable energy source in a biogas plant. The possibility of biogas production using anaerobic co-fermentation of manure and amaranth silage was verified in the experimental horizontal fermentor of 5 m3 volume, working at mesophilic conditions of 38-40 °C. The goal of the work was also to identify the optimum conditions for growth, harvesting and preservation of amaranth biomass, to optimize biogas production process, and to test the residual slurry from digestion process as a high quality organic fertilizer. The average yield of green amaranth biomass was 51.66 t.ha-1 with dry matter content of 37%. Based on the reached results it can be concluded that amaranth silage, solely or together with another organic materials of agricultural origin, is a suitable raw material for biogas production.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-hydrolysis on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Native Rye Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Strąk-Graczyk ◽  
Maria Balcerek
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract The rising population and increasing demand for food place added pressure on the agricultural sector to maintain high process efficiency while implementing environmentally friendly methods. In this study, we investigate the effect of pre-hydrolysis of native rye starch and its influence on the yield of ethanol obtained by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from high gravity rye mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter content. Fermentation was carried out in a 3-day system at a temperature of 35 ± 1 °C using the dry distillery yeast Ethanol Red (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The characteristics of the tested raw material and changes in the native rye starch during enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images revealed characteristic changes on the surface of the starch, which was found to have a layered structure, as well as interesting behavior by the yeast during SSF when the glucose concentration in the environment was lowered. Both in the mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter, starch pre-hydrolysis did not significantly increase either the initial amounts of sugars available to the yeast or the fermentation efficiency and ethanol yield in comparison to the mashes without this pre-treatment.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds in the aboveground part of hemiephemeroid onions (Allium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
T. I. Fomina ◽  
T. A. Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Total Sugars

Background. Representatives of the genus Allium L. are valuable food and medicinal plants that have long been used for nutrition and human health. Modern research has proved their high biological activity. Earlier, we investigated the aboveground organs of a number of wild onion species in the consumer ripeness phase. Higher content of secondary metabolites has been observed in the hemiephemeroid species A. aflatunense B. Fedtsch., A. microdictyon Prokh., and A. rosenbachianum Regel. The aim of this work was to determine the content of bioactive compounds in the green biomass of Allium species during flowering.Materials and methods. We studied the freshly harvested raw materials – leaves and flower scapes. Dry matter content was measured by drying 1 g of raw material at 100–105°C to constant weight. The amounts of phenolic compounds, pectic substances, total sugars and carotenoids were assessed spectrophotometrically using the SF-56 (Russia) and SF Agilent 8453 (USA) instruments, and ascorbic acid was measured by the titrimetric method. The result was taken as an average of three measurements for each indicator calculated on absolute dry weight of raw material (except ascorbic acid).Results and conclusions. The green biomass of Allium species was found to contain 8,2–16,2% of dry matter; 4,5–12,0% of phenolics (catechins, flavonols and tannins); 6,9–32,4% of total sugars; 9,5–12,6% of pectic compounds (pectins and protopectins); 20,8–102,5 mg% of carotenoids, and 38,0–197,7 mg% of ascorbic acid (wet weight). A significant range of variation in the content of secondary metabolites was due to the species’ characteristics and weather conditions of the growing season. A. microdictyon had a higher content of dry matter, flavonols and tannins, whereas A. aflatunense and A. rosenbachianum were rich in ascorbic acid and sugars. The findings testify to the prospects of using Allium spp. as a source of bioactive compounds. 

scholarly journals Kinetic patterns and optimization of the process of concentration by freezing the blood of cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
S. T. Antipov ◽  
V. Yu. Ovsyannikov ◽  
A. A. Korchinskij
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Heat Exchange Surface ◽  
Exchange Surface

The urgency of the use of blood components as a raw material for the production of products from it that contribute to the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency states is beyond doubt. In addition, protein compounds in the blood of cattle have a high digestibility of the human body, and the complex of essential amino acids determines its attractiveness as an additive in the development of a wide range of meat products. The only possible way at present to thicken thermo labile blood compounds is cryoconcentration, carried out in a temperature range close to the cryoscopy temperature. The kinetic features of cryoconcentration of cattle blood were investigated on an experimental apparatus of cyclic action. It is shown that the conditions of cryoconcentration are determined by the boiling point of the refrigerant in the evaporator of the installation, the flow rate of the original blood washing the heat exchange surface and the content of soluble compounds in the initial liquid. Experimental data are presented in the form of growth curves of frozen ice on the heat exchange surface with an area of 0.2 m2. Using mathematical planning methods, equations are obtained that describe the amount of ice frozen for 1 hour per unit of surface area of the freezing plant, the specific energy input for freezing one kilogram of ice, and the dry matter content of the blood in the solution obtained by melting the frozen ice. The solved problem of optimizing the process of blood cryoconcentration made it possible to find rational intervals for changing the operating parameters of the freezing plant, ensuring the maximum amount of frozen ice, minimal energy costs and minimal content of soluble substances in the solution obtained by melting frozen ice. The suboptimal intervals of the indicated parameters were the following: refrigerant boiling point 256– 260 K, blood consumption (0.20–0.205)·10-3 m3/s, dry matter content 22.5–23.0 %.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiatkamjon Intani ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Md. Islam ◽  
Joachim Müller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Application Rates

Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.

scholarly journals The influence of dry matter, applied heat treatment and storage period on the viscosity of stirred yogurt

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Denin-Djurdjevic ◽  
Ognjen Macej ◽  
Snezana Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
90 C 10 ◽  
Heat Treated

Skim milk powder reconstituted to 8.44% TS, 9.65% TS and 10.84% TS respectively was used for investigation. Untreated milk and milk heat treated at 85?C/20 min and 90?C/10 min, respectively, were used for the investigation. Milk was inoculated with 2.5% of yogurt culture (containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the ratio 1:1) at 43?C. Samples were incubated until pH 4.6 was reached. Samples were immediately cooled to 4?C and held at that temperature during 14 days. Acid casein gel was stirred after 1, 7 and 14 days of storage. Measurements were done at 30 rpm during 2 min, at 20?C. According to the investigation, it could be concluded that both applied heat treatment and dry matter content influence viscosity of stirred yogurt. Viscosity increases when dry matter content increases. The smallest viscosity had yogurt produced from untreated milk with 8.44% TS, while samples produced from milk with 10.84% TS had the highest viscosity. Applied heat treatments had significant influence on viscosity of yogurt gained by stirring of acid casein gels after 7 and 14 days of storage. Stirred yogurt produced from milk heat treated at 90?C/10 min had a higher viscosity than samples produced from milk heat treated at 85?C/20 min. Storage period influenced average viscosity of stirred yogurt. Samples of stirred yogurt produced from milk with 8.44% TS showed a decrease of average viscosity during storage regardless of the applied heat treatment of milk. The highest average viscosity had samples produced from milk with 10.84% TS.

scholarly journals Obtaining dry protein concentrates from secondary gelatin products

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
R. A. Voroshilin ◽  
A. Yu. Prosekov ◽  
M. G. Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content

The article presents the investigation of the chemical composition of a collagen-containing broth obtained during gelatin production at the stage of defatting bony raw material. Collagen broth is a minor by-product from gelatin production. The aim of the research is to analyze the effect of the duration of the hydrothermal treatment of collagen raw materials on the concentration of high-protein broths by using spray drying. To carry out a set of experimental studies they used broth obtained by the method of hydrothermal treatment of bone at a temperature of 95±5°C for 90 to 180 minutes and its dry concentrate obtained later at the Mini Spray Dryer B-290 laboratory spray drying model (Buchi, Sweden). According to the research results, it has been revealed that the duration of the hydrothermal treatment affects the indicators of fat, protein, and dry matter content in broths. When being treated for 90 minutes, the dry matter content is in the range of 8,1 %, which is 46 % less than with a treatment time of 180 minutes. When the duration of the hydrothermal treatment of raw materials increases, the gelation time of the obtained broths reduces at temperature conditions of 4±2°C. After the spray drying process physicochemical parameters of the obtained dry collagen concentrates have been determined. In the dry concentrate the dependence of the indicator of the content of the mass fraction of protein on the duration of the hydrothermal treatment of broths is observed, the values range from 64,19 % to 82,89 %. The gelling capacity of all samples is high. The obtained dry concentrates are in the form of white to light cream color homogeneous powder.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORRECTION OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF BEET MOLASSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2(52)) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Oleg Viktorovich Dymar ◽  
Maryia Romanovna Yakovleva ◽  
Oksana Konstantinovna Nikulina ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Koloskova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Molasses ◽  
The Republic

Application of sugar beet molasses as a secondary resource for the extraction of sugar is a topical issue, which will reduce the loss of sucrose during the processing of sugar beets and increase the economic efficiency of the sugar industry of the Republic of Belarus. Initially it is necessary to reduce the ash content for further desugarisation molasses. This study investigated removal of the ash content of the beet molasses solution with electromembrane equipment applying. The article reflects the results of studies on the possibility of reducing the salinity of a solution of beet molasses using electrodialysis at various voltages applied to the electrodes from 10 to 30 V. In the initial raw material and the final product, the electrical conductivity, optical density and dry matter content were determined, on the basis of which a conclusion was made about the expediency of using electrodialysis.

scholarly journals Suitability of three newly released Kenyan potato varieties for processing into crisps and French fries

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (47) ◽  
pp. 5266-5281
Author(s):  
GA Ooko ◽  
◽  
JN Kabira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Potato Varieties

French fries and potato crisps are the most consumed industrially processed potato products in Kenya, especially in the major urban centers. Processors have, however, complained of the inadequate supply and low quality of potatoes currently available in the market. This study was instituted to evaluate the suitability of three newly released Kenyan potato varieties for processing . The three new potato varieties (Purple Gold, Kenya Mpya and Sherekea) and two established varieties (Tigoni and Dutch Robjin) used in this study were grown under standard conditions at the National Potato Research Centre, Kenya . They were harvested at maturity, cured and analyzed for physico -chemical characteristics and processed into crisps and French fries for suitability evaluation. All the cultivars had tuber sizes within recommended range for crisps (40 -60 mm) and French fries ( ≤ 45 mm). Dry matter contents differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among the varieties ranging from 20.81 % in Golden Purple to 25.77 % in Kenya Mpya . Crisps oil content varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) from 31.28 % in Kenya Mpya to 36.8 % in Golden Purple while it ranged from 7.51 % to 8.81 % in French fries of the same varieties. Dry matter content was negatively correlated to oil contents of crisps and French fries. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) varietal differences in color and textural properties of crisps and French fries were noted. Kenya Mpya, Tigoni, Sherekea and Golden Purple in that order of preference could be used to produce crisps that are comparable to Dutch Robjin, an established crisping variety in the local market. With the exception of Kenya Mpya, varieties Sherekea, Dutch Robj in and Golden Purple produced good quality French fries comparable to the established chipping variety , Tigoni. Potatoes from the new varieties are expected to form an additional pool of raw material for processing in Kenya and should be promoted alongside the established ones to support the growing industry.

Influence of the quality of raw materials on the composition and theconditions for the fermentation of apple juice

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Мадина Борисовна Хоконова ◽  
Ирина Шамильевна Дзахмишева ◽  
Алим Борисович Хоконов
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Materials Used

Плодовый спирт получают путем спиртового брожения плодово-ягодного сока, мезги свежих плодов или выжимки после отжатия сока. Переработка нестандартной части плодово-ягодного сырья, а также вторичная переработка отходов с целью получения плодового спирта - выгодное направление, повышающее эффективность работы винодельческих предприятий и увеличивающее ассортимент выпускаемых продуктов. На основе качественного плодового спирта получают слабоалкогольные напитки типа сидра. Работа посвящена изучению способов улучшения технологических качеств плодового сырья, используемого для получения спирта, а также качественных виноматериалов для производства сидра на ООО «Чегемский Винпищепром». Установлено, что сырье характеризуется низкой величиной глюкоацидометрического показателя. Для яблок он составляет 5,8-8,8. Количество сухих веществ варьирует у сортов в пределах 9,5-11,0 %. Максимум отмечен у сорта Ренет Симиренко. Меньшее содержание сахаров отмечено у сорта Айдаред, максимальное - у сорта Джонатан. Титруемая кислотность у данных сортов варьирует от 5,5-6,0. Определена разница между яблочным соком и спиртом-сырцом по химическому составу. Крепость спирта-сырца составляет 59,3-60,3 %об. Яблочный спирт получали путем дистилляции периодическим способом. Определено, что температура охлаждения сусла не зависит от скорости сбраживания. Наиболее пригодные для производства сидра сорта яблок Айдаред, Джонатан с содержанием сухих веществ 9,5-10,0 % и скоростью сбраживания 1,5 г/л.ч. Fruit alcohol is obtained by alcoholic fermentation of fruit and berry juice, pulp of fresh fruits or pomace after squeezing the juice. Processing of non-standard parts of fruit and berry raw materials, as well as recycling waste, in order to obtain fruit alcohol, is a profitable direction that increases the efficiency of wineries and increases the range of products. Low-alcohol drinks such as cider are produced on the basis of high-quality fruit alcohol. The work is devoted to the study of ways to improve the technological qualities of fruit raw materials used to obtain alcohol, aswell as high-quality wine materials for the production of ciderat OOO Chegemsky Vinpischeprom. It was found that the raw material is characterized by a low glucoacidometric indicator. For apples, it is 5,8-8,8.The amount of dry matter varies in varieties within 9,5-11,0%.The maximum was observed in the Renet Simirenko variety. The lower sugar content was noted in the Idared variety, the maximum in the Jonathan variety. The titratable acidity of these varieties varies from 5,5-6,0.The chemical composition difference between apple juice and raw alcohol was determined. The strength of the raw alcohol is 59,3-60,3% vol. Apple alcohol was obtained by distillation in a batch wise manner. It has been determined that the cooling temperature of the wort does not depend mainly on the rate of fermentation. The most suitableapple varieties for the production of cider are Idared, Jonathan with a dry matter content of 9,5-10,0% and a fermentation rate of 1,5 g/l.H.

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