scholarly journals Evaluation of Finnish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Krasova ◽  
Zoya Ozherelieva ◽  
Anna Galasheva
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Freezing Chamber

The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methods of cultivar study and artificial freezing by modeling damaging factors using a freezing chamber. The assessment of the cultivars by yield, commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, resistance to adverse abiotic factors of the winter period is given. The ‘Vuokko’ cultivar was identified with a yield significantly higher than Antonovka. By modeling winter damage factors, ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ cultivars were identified with the resistance of the cambium and wood at the level of ‘Antonovka’, when the temperature in the of mid-winter dropped to –40 °C after hardening off, with the ability to keep the frost resistance at –25 °C after thaw and ability to restore the hardy state by lowering the temperature to –30 °C after thaw and re-hardening off. Cultivars ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ are recommended for creating new hardy cultivars with high-quality fruits for the temperate continental climate of Europe.

scholarly journals Apple-Tree Resistance to Abiotic Factors in Winter

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Krasova ◽  
Anna Galasheva ◽  
Lubov Golishkina
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Scab Immunity ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Freezing

Data on the reaction of apple cultivars to unfavorable autumn-winter conditions were analysed and summarised. New scab resistant apple cultivars (gene Vf) obtained from the hybridisation of local adapted varieties with a donor of scab immunity also displayed hardiness to unfavourable winter conditions. As a result of artificial freezing, the cultivars resistant to spring frost (-3.5 oC) during flowering were identified. The mechanism of adaptation to unfavourable winter conditions, and the possibility of preliminary prediction of winter hardiness according to some indicators of the physiological state of tissues in wintering trees were found. In all apple cultivars, increase of the concentrations of sucrose, anthocyanin and cyanidin was noted during the autumn-winter period, but in winter-hardy cultivars this process was more intensive; the amount of cyanidin in the bark of shoots was 6-8 times higher in comparison with non-winter-hardy cultivars. Higher water loss in non-winter-hardy cultivars was observed under conditions of extreme temperatures, which can lead to significant freezing and sunburns late in winter. In winter-hardy cultivars, peroxidase activity decreased in winter, while in the non-winter-hardy cultivars it remains high, due to incomplete hardening of tissues.

scholarly journals Study of frost resistance of cherry variety Turgenevka during on different rootstocks winter thaws

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Thaw Period

Relevance. The study of the resistance of garden cultures to unfavorable abiotic factors of the winter period is a priority direction of scientific studies, because the low winter hardiness can annul advantages the varieties on other signs. Concerning in the middle zone of Russia, studies on the resistance of cherry to frost during the thaw period remain relevant.Methods. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNI-ISPKin2017-2018. The object of research was the Turgenevka cherry variety on new clonal root-stock of the Institute breeding were studied. Control - Turgenevka on the Rubin stock. For artificial freezing in early December the material was prepared for III and IV components of frost hardiness.Results. As a result of artificial freezing, the Turgenevka cherry variety was characterized by frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues of annual shoots during a three-day winter thaw of + 2°C with a decrease in temperature of -25°C (III component of frost resistance). Inthiscase, thehighest frost resistance of the generative buds of the Turgenevka variety on rootstock 74340, 82987 is shown. After a three-day thaw of +2°C and repeated hardening with a subsequent decrease in temperature to -30°C in March (IV frost resistance component), the Turgenevka variety on the rootstock 74332, 74363, 82987 was characterized by frost resistance of vegetative buds, bark and wood of annualshoots. Moreover, in the studied scion-rootstock combinations, low frost resistance of the generative kidneys was revealed. Only in the studied variety on the rootstock 82987 was the largest percentage of living flower primordia revealed. The conducted studies revealed the Turgenevka variety in a rootstock of 82987 with the greatest potential for frost resistance during the winter thaws.

STUDY OF PINE STRAWBERRY FROST RESISTANCE BY ARTIFICIAL FREEZING METHOD

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Z E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
M. I. Zubkova ◽  
D. A. Krivushina
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Main Components

The study of the frost resistance was carried out in 2017–2019 on the basis of the Laboratory of Physiology of Fruit Plant Resistance, Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding. Strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin (‘Kokinskaya Rannia’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tzaritza’, ‘Urozhaynaya TzGL’ – Russia; ‘Sara’ – Sweden; ‘Alba’, ‘Marmolada’ – Italy; ‘Korona’, ‘Sonata’ – Holland) were used as experimental material. The frosts resistance of strawberry varieties was studied in the laboratory conditions was used by artificial freezing. A model of strawberry plant selection was developed to determine the main components of winter hardiness. On the basis of preparation of plant samples for modeling of damaging factors of the winter period, storage conditions of experimental plants were developed. Plant hardening and modeling of damaging factors of the winter period were carried out with the additional modification for strawberries. As a result of the artificial freezing, the damage to the tissues of rhizome and apical buds of shoots of strawberry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were evaluated in early winter period and during thaws in winter. It was determined that the decrease in the temperature to -15°C at the end of November did not cause irreversible damage to the strawberry varieties. The decrease in the temperature to -20°C in early December increased the damage to the studied strawberry varieties. During the winter it was determined that the strawberry response to the thaw increased by the end of the winter period. The decrease in frost resistance is primarily due to the resumption of growth processes under the influence of positive temperatures. As a result of determining the components of winter hardiness, the varieties Solovushaka, Tzaritza (Russia), Sara (Sweden) and Korona (Holland) showed the greatest potential of frost resistance.

scholarly journals Introduced tree and shrub species for sustainable landscape compositions in the urban conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Zoya Ozherelieva ◽  
Olga Emelianova ◽  
Andrey Firsov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Resistant Tree ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Landscape ◽  
Cotinus Coggygria ◽  
The City ◽  
Continental Climate

Low temperature is оne оf the mоst significаnt limiting factоrs determining the distribution of tree species. Evaluation of the degree of freezing of tree and shrub species is of great importance for decorative gardening. Plants freeze a lot not only in harsh winters, but also during prolonged thaws with a subsequent drop in temperature, which negatively affects their ornamentation. In this regard, one of the main ways to preserve the ornamental and plant biodiversity of city parks in a temperate continental climate is to replenish existing plantings with frost-resistant tree species. It is the first study of the frost resistance of introduced trees and shrubs, which was made to isolate species adapted to the winter conditions of the temperate continental climate to form stable landscape compositions in urban parks. Based on the results of artificial freezing, species of woody plants with high frost resistance were selected: Betula kelleriana, Betula raddeana, Staphylea pinnata, Cotinus Coggygria and Pinus pallasiana. The above species of wood are recommended for sustainable landscape design in the city.

scholarly journals Winter resistance and frost resistance of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Valentina Oksantyuk ◽  
Larysa Koldar
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Aim. The goal is to assess the winter and frost resistance of plants of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. from the collection of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Botanical Garden named after Academician Alexander Fomin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Methods. The frost resistance of plants was investigated in the laboratory of plant physiology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, by the method of direct freezing of shoots during the period of forced dormancy of plants. The intensity of damage (browning) of tissues on transverse sections of shoots was assessed using a six-point scale by M. A. Solov'eva (1982). The objects of study were plants C. obovatus Raf., C. coggygria Scop., C. coggygria 'Royal Purple', C. coggygria 'Purpurea'. Winter hardiness was assessed visually on an eight-point scale by S. Ia. Sokolov, (1957). Results. According to estimates of the general freezing of plants in the winter period of 2014–2020, minor injuries were found in all representatives of the genus Cotinus, which were estimated at 1–2 points. The results of experimental studies of plant frost resistance showed that in most variants of the experiment, the tissues of the upper internode and buds froze more. The tissues of the medial part of the shoot turned out to be the most resistant to freezing. According to the results of artificial freeze testing of cut shoots of C. coggygria and C. coggygria 'Royal Purple", sampled in the period of forced dormancy of plants, insignificant tissue damage was revealed at freezing temperature of –25 °С and –30 °С (0.63–1.70), only at temperature of –35 °C, the score of bark damage was 2.3–2.5 points. Conclusions. The low temperatures of the winter period of the study area cannot be considered as limiting abiotic factors that limit the widespread use of the studied representatives of the genus Cotinus in landscape construction. The high potential of frost and winter hardiness of the studied taxa gives grounds to test them in the more northern regions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to create garden and park compositions, because due to high decorative flowering and specific crown shape they have an attractive appearance in both group and solitary plantations.

scholarly journals Low Temperature Tolerance of Apple Cultivars of Different Ploidy at Different Times of the Winter

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Ozherelieva ◽  
Evgeny Sedov
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Winter Buds

AbstractArtificial freezing was used to evaluate diploid and triploid apple cultivars from the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding at Orel throughout three winters. The studied apple varieties were developed by breeder E. N. Sedov and cytological analysis was carried out by cytologist G. A. Sedysheva. In early winter, all cultivars exhibited high tolerance to cold. In mid-winter buds and wood were severely damaged, while bark was more resistant for most cultivars. Basic components of hardiness were estimated: component I - frost resistance at -25 °C in the beginning of winter; component II - maximum value of frost resistance at -40 °C developed by plants during hardening; component III - ability to retain the hardened condition at -25 °C after a period of three-day thaw at +2 °C; and component IV - the ability to restore frost resistance at -30 °C after repeated hardening and three-day thaw at +2 °C. During late-winter thaws, buds suffered from frosts, while the bark and wood retained frost hardiness. Late in winter all cultivars demonstrated high resistance to repeated frosts. Triploid cultivars exhibited the highest level of cold hardiness of vegetative buds, bark and wood of annual shoots throughout the winter; these cultivars included ‘Zhilinskoye’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Osipovskoye’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Sinap Orlovski’, ‘Spasskoye’, ‘Turgenevskoye’, and diploids ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Sokovinka’, and ‘’Ranneye Aloye’.

scholarly journals Optimization of the design and technological parameters of an active ripper of a combined working body

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00068
Author(s):  
S. A. Ivanaisky ◽  
M. A. Kanaev ◽  
Y. A. Kirov ◽  
M. S. Ivanaisky ◽  
S. V. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Working Bodies

The research objective is to improve the quality of soil loosening using combined working bodies for surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The efficiency of accumulation and conservation of precipitation in the autumn-winter period depends on the method of post-harvest soil cultivation. One of them is the autumn surface water-retaining treatment, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the processes of accumulation and conservation of moisture due to the deeper loosening of the cultivated soil layer. During loosening and mulching, the top layer of the soil contributes to the accumulation and preservation of moisture not only in the upper but also in deeper soil horizons. However, the used tillage tools do not fully solve the problem of the high-quality performance of surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The article presents the results of studies of the degree of influence of geometric and technological parameters of the additional active cultivator on the quality of surface tillage. Based on the results of the research carried out, the technological process of performing the surface tillage operation has been improved and combined working bodies have been developed for its implementation.

Chinook apple

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-289
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. A. MacDonald ◽  
W. D. Lane ◽  
C. R. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Long Storage

Chinook is an attractive, high-quality apple cultivar ripening after Red Delicious. It was selected for its outstanding appearance, texture and flavour and long storage life. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., dessert apple, cultivar description

The potential for facilitating spring discharge from continental climate waste stabilisation ponds by carry-over of treated wastewater: concepts and experimental findings

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Whalley ◽  
L.N. Pak ◽  
S. Heaven
Keyword(s):  
Operating Regime ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Continental Climate

The research investigated some factors influencing the rate of stabilisation of wastewater in the spring period in continental climate waste stabilisation ponds, and in particular the potential for bringing forward the discharge date by optimising storage capacity and dilution. Experiments using pilot and model-scale ponds were set up in Almaty, Kazakhstan. These simulated operating regimes for a facultative and storage/maturation pond system subject to ice cover from late November until late March. Two pilot-scale facultative ponds were operated at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 20 and 30 days, with surface loading rates of 100 and 67 kg BOD ha−1 day−1. Effluent from the 20-day HRT facultative pond was then fed to two pilot-scale storage/maturation ponds which had been partially emptied and allowed to refill over the winter period with no removal of effluent. The paper discusses the results of the experiments with respect to selection of an operating regime to make treated wastewater available early in the spring. Preliminary results indicate that there may be potential for alternative operating protocols designed to maximise their performance and economic potential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document