STUDY OF PINE STRAWBERRY FROST RESISTANCE BY ARTIFICIAL FREEZING METHOD

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Z E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
M. I. Zubkova ◽  
D. A. Krivushina
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Main Components

The study of the frost resistance was carried out in 2017–2019 on the basis of the Laboratory of Physiology of Fruit Plant Resistance, Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding. Strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin (‘Kokinskaya Rannia’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tzaritza’, ‘Urozhaynaya TzGL’ – Russia; ‘Sara’ – Sweden; ‘Alba’, ‘Marmolada’ – Italy; ‘Korona’, ‘Sonata’ – Holland) were used as experimental material. The frosts resistance of strawberry varieties was studied in the laboratory conditions was used by artificial freezing. A model of strawberry plant selection was developed to determine the main components of winter hardiness. On the basis of preparation of plant samples for modeling of damaging factors of the winter period, storage conditions of experimental plants were developed. Plant hardening and modeling of damaging factors of the winter period were carried out with the additional modification for strawberries. As a result of the artificial freezing, the damage to the tissues of rhizome and apical buds of shoots of strawberry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were evaluated in early winter period and during thaws in winter. It was determined that the decrease in the temperature to -15°C at the end of November did not cause irreversible damage to the strawberry varieties. The decrease in the temperature to -20°C in early December increased the damage to the studied strawberry varieties. During the winter it was determined that the strawberry response to the thaw increased by the end of the winter period. The decrease in frost resistance is primarily due to the resumption of growth processes under the influence of positive temperatures. As a result of determining the components of winter hardiness, the varieties Solovushaka, Tzaritza (Russia), Sara (Sweden) and Korona (Holland) showed the greatest potential of frost resistance.

Study of maximum frost resistance of cherry scion/stock combinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva ◽  
A. S. Lyakhova
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
State Study ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Selection Of

The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of stability of physiology of fruit plants at All-Russian research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops in 2017-2018. The object of research was the scion/stock combinations of Novella and Turgenevka cherries/82987, C-2-180, 74332, 74340, 74336, 74324 breeding of the Institute. In the study of winter hardiness of cherry, special attention was paid to the ability of varieties to withstand low temperatures in mid-winter. The aim of the research was to study the maximum frost new scion/stock combinations of cherries by artificial freezing and selection of the hardiest of them. The results of the research noted that in the recovery period of organic dormancy in late December, when the cherry plants acquire the maximum hardened state, study scion/stock combinations were characterized by high resistance to frost of bark and wood of annual branches. They noted frost resistance of vegetative buds with reversible damage. Significant differences in the freezing vegetative buds, bark and wood between scion/stock combinations of sweet cherries are shown. Novella and Turgenevka cherry varieties on clonal rootstocks 74332, 74336, characterized by the greatest potential frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues of annual branches at lower t= -35°C (winter hardiness component II) at the end of December. It is shown that all cherry scion/stock combinations have a low potential frost resistance of generative buds. After exposure to t= -35°C, living rudiments of flower buds preserved only in cherry scion/stock combinations Novella/74332, Turgenevka/74340, 74336 (from 4.0 to 15.4 %). According to the results of artificial freezing scion/stock combination Novella/74332 and Turgenevka / 74332, 74336 were revealed, which were characterized by the maximum frost resistance of generative, vegetative buds, bark and wood.

A GRAPE VARIETIES RESISTANCE TO LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
N. I. Nen'ko ◽  
G. K. Kiseleva ◽  
I. A. Il'ina ◽  
N. M. Zaporozhets ◽  
V. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Adaptive Reaction

In the conditions of frequently repeated in recent years, temperature fluctuations in the Anao-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region, where the main areas of grape plantings are concentrated, the resistance issues of grapes to low temperatures of the winter period are particularly relevant, since sharp differences in the air temperature in the autumn-winter period contribute to the decrease in winter resistance Grape vines. The article presents the results of the assessment of physiological biochemical changes, which are a fundamental adaptive reaction of plants associated with the frost resistance of grapes of various ecological and geographical origin: Dostoyny, Krasnostop, Kristall, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif.  As a result of research in grape varieties, Krasnostop, Crystal, Vostorg was revealed to maximize kidney hydrogen decreased (by 11.7-15.3%) and increased accumulation of water-soluble sugars (at 2.67-3.29 times) in comparison with other studied varieties, What speaks of their larger resistance to low temperatures.  The variety of the Vostorg was discovered an increase in the content of proline by 40.5 times, indicating its active participation in the formation of a protective response to low temperatures. In all studied grape varieties have a closer connection between the kidney hydrogen and the content of soluble sugars in the core than with the content of the proline. Of all varieties, the waters of the grape vines, the content of soluble sugars and proline, the varieties of the Krasnostop, Crystal, Vostorg are allocated as the most resistant to low temperatures in the conditions of the Anao Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory, which makes it possible to conclude the possibility of their use in the selection process in  quality sources of frost resistance.

STUDYING OF FROST RESISTANCE OF CHERRY VARIETIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING

1970 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
P. S. Prudnikov ◽  
I. N. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Russian Research

The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory physiology resistance of fruit plant at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in 2017-2018. The objects of research were cherry varieties by the Institute selection. The year of setting was 2015. The scheme of setting – 5×2 m. Inter-row spacing and zone near a tree trunk – weedfree fallow. The purpose of the research was to study some physiological and biochemical adaptation processes in the autumn-winter period and evaluated the frost resistance of cherry varieties by artificial freezing method. The dynamics of the fractional composition of water in the tissues of annual branches of cherry varieties was studied. At the same time, the maximum proportion of bond water to free water was found in the varieties Bystrinka, Livenskaia, Muza, Novella, Shokoladnitsa. During the autumn period, the increase of bound water and the decrease of free water depended on the accumulation of the amino acid proline in annual cherry branches. The high level of dependence of bound to free water ratio and the proline amount on the minimum air temperature in the autumn period was noticed in the cherry varieties, which were studied. At the beginning of winter, the average dependence between the degree of freezing of varieties and the amount of bound water in the tissues of annual cherry branches was established. The dependence of the accumulation of the amino acid proline on the effects of low-temperature stress in winter was revealed. The resistance to early winter frosts (t = -25°C) was marked in all studied cherry varieties. The maximum frost resistance was marked in Livenskaia, Novella, Orlitsa, Shokoladnitsa varieties at t = -35°C. As a result of artificial freezing, frost-resistant varieties of cherry Livenskaia, Novella and Shokoladnitsa, which showed the highest level of resistance of generative and vegetative buds, bark and wood substance to the damaging factors of winter, were identified.

scholarly journals Resistance of raspberry caltivars to temperature stress factors of the winter period

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
S. N. Evdokimenko ◽  
F. F. Sazonov ◽  
A. A. Danilova ◽  
M. A. Podgaetsky ◽  
N. V. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Field ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The results of researches of winter hardiness cultivars and selected forms of raspberry in the field and laboratory conditions have been presented. The study was conducted in FSBSI All-Russia STIHNG and its Kokino Base Station (Bryansk region). The objects of research were 20 cultivars and 10 selected forms of raspberry of various genetic-geographical origin. The main purpose of the work was to study the resistance of cultivars and selected forms of raspberry to temperature stress factors of the winter period and the identification of the most winter-hardy genotypes. As a result, it was established that the cultivars Peresvet, Balzam, Beglyanka, Rubin Bryanski and nine selected forms showed high field winter hardiness. When modeling damaging winter factors, it was revealed, that the cultivars Gusar, Lazarevskaya, Volnitsa, Meteor and selected forms 32-16-1, 1-15-1, 1-2-2, 6-12-2 well tolerated frost-35C in the middle of winter. The cultivars Gusar, Meteor, Volnitsa and selected forms 32-16-1, 1-4-2, 1-15-1, 1-2-2, 2-12-1 distinguished by reliable resistance to component III of winter hardiness. Among the studied raspberry assortment, the genotypes with a high level of bud resistance to IV component of winter hardiness were not revealed.

scholarly journals WINTER HARDINESS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS Allium L. IN THE MOSCOW REGION, DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY OF THE WINTER PERIOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
М. I. Ivanova ◽  
A. F. Bukharov ◽  
A. I. Kashleva ◽  
D. N. Baleyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Winter Severity

In the Moscow region, for a long-term species of bows in winter, a complex of limiting factors determines their winter hardiness. To characterize the period from November to March 2014-2017. The winter severity index (Woz) was calculated on a scale from 0 to 10 points (0 very soft, 10 very severe). The severity of winter in 2014-2015 was 2.91 points, 20152016 3.14 points, 2016-2017 4.75 points. The average percentage of overwintered plants for each sample was determined by the ratio of the number of living plants to the number of dead. Many varieties of welch onion were not sufficiently winter-hardy, including Red, Snowdrop, Russian size, Handsome, April, Russian winter. Stable high 100% winter hardiness showed a variety of welch onion Green feathers. From the studied 71 species and 194 samples of bows of perennial different ecological and geographical origin under the conditions of the Moscow region in the subgenus Amerallium plants A. neapolitanum Cirillo (Molium section) and A. ursinum L. (section Arctoprasum), and also in the subgenus Nectaroscordum A. bulgaricum plants (Janka) Prodбn (section Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Gren. & Godr.) in the winter of 2014-2015 died completely. Winter in 2016-2017 years in the subgenus Rhizirideum, section Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch A. senescens L. plants overwintered 75%, A. nutans L. – 90-95% depending on the sample, A. stellarianum Willd. 15 %. In subgenus Melanocrommyum, section Melanocrommyum Webb & Berthel. s.s. plants A. cyrillii Ten. overwintered 75%. In the subgenus Butomissa, sections Butomissa (Salisb.) Kamelin plants Allium odorum L. overwintered 86-93% depending on the sample. In the subgenus Cepa, the section Schoenoprasum Dum. plants A. ledebourianum Schult. & Schult. f. overwintered 75%. The remaining species overwintered 100%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Finnish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Krasova ◽  
Zoya Ozherelieva ◽  
Anna Galasheva
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Continental Climate ◽  
Freezing Chamber

The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methods of cultivar study and artificial freezing by modeling damaging factors using a freezing chamber. The assessment of the cultivars by yield, commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, resistance to adverse abiotic factors of the winter period is given. The ‘Vuokko’ cultivar was identified with a yield significantly higher than Antonovka. By modeling winter damage factors, ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ cultivars were identified with the resistance of the cambium and wood at the level of ‘Antonovka’, when the temperature in the of mid-winter dropped to –40 °C after hardening off, with the ability to keep the frost resistance at –25 °C after thaw and ability to restore the hardy state by lowering the temperature to –30 °C after thaw and re-hardening off. Cultivars ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ are recommended for creating new hardy cultivars with high-quality fruits for the temperate continental climate of Europe.

scholarly journals Winter resistance and frost resistance of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Valentina Oksantyuk ◽  
Larysa Koldar
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Aim. The goal is to assess the winter and frost resistance of plants of representatives of the genus Cotinus Mill. from the collection of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Botanical Garden named after Academician Alexander Fomin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Methods. The frost resistance of plants was investigated in the laboratory of plant physiology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, by the method of direct freezing of shoots during the period of forced dormancy of plants. The intensity of damage (browning) of tissues on transverse sections of shoots was assessed using a six-point scale by M. A. Solov'eva (1982). The objects of study were plants C. obovatus Raf., C. coggygria Scop., C. coggygria 'Royal Purple', C. coggygria 'Purpurea'. Winter hardiness was assessed visually on an eight-point scale by S. Ia. Sokolov, (1957). Results. According to estimates of the general freezing of plants in the winter period of 2014–2020, minor injuries were found in all representatives of the genus Cotinus, which were estimated at 1–2 points. The results of experimental studies of plant frost resistance showed that in most variants of the experiment, the tissues of the upper internode and buds froze more. The tissues of the medial part of the shoot turned out to be the most resistant to freezing. According to the results of artificial freeze testing of cut shoots of C. coggygria and C. coggygria 'Royal Purple", sampled in the period of forced dormancy of plants, insignificant tissue damage was revealed at freezing temperature of –25 °С and –30 °С (0.63–1.70), only at temperature of –35 °C, the score of bark damage was 2.3–2.5 points. Conclusions. The low temperatures of the winter period of the study area cannot be considered as limiting abiotic factors that limit the widespread use of the studied representatives of the genus Cotinus in landscape construction. The high potential of frost and winter hardiness of the studied taxa gives grounds to test them in the more northern regions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine to create garden and park compositions, because due to high decorative flowering and specific crown shape they have an attractive appearance in both group and solitary plantations.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of walnut winter hardiness in the Voronezh region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Славский ◽  
М.П. Чернышов
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
The North ◽  
Voronezh Region

Широкому введению ореха грецкого в культуру севернее зоны существующего ареала распространения, в частности, в Воронежскую область, препятствует ряд причин, наиболее значимой из которых является недостаточная его зимостойкость. В связи с этим выявление, отбор и улучшение свойств зимостойких сортов и форм ореха грецкого, способных к росту и полноценному плодоношению севернее зоны естественного ареала, являются главными задачами селекционной работы. Эти задачи вполне решаемы с учетом высокого уровня индивидуальной изменчивости адаптивных признаков у отобранных растений ореха грецкого в исследуемом регионе. Изучены садовые, парковые и полезащитные насаждения, плантации, ландшафтные группы и отдельно стоящие деревья. При определении устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным климатическим факторам использованы общепринятые методики. Для оценки зимостойкости разработан новый подход к определению комплексной устойчивости растений в зимний период, состоящей из суммарных показателей морозостойкости, морозоустойчивости и устойчивости к резким перепадам температур, поскольку эти адаптивные признаки имели наибольшие уровни значимости. Предложенная ускоренная комплексная оценка зимостойкости имеет большое преимущество, по сравнению со стандартной методикой, для достоверного определения которой требовались наблюдения за несколько лет. Выявлены значительные сходства между опытными и аппроксимированными результатами зимостойкости (критерий согласия Пирсона = 12,6). При этом выровненные абсолютные величины зимостойкости незначительно превышали практические. Это связано, в первую очередь, с приспособленностью к климатическим условиям Воронежской области и высокой восстановительной способностью большинства растений. Wide introduction of walnut in culture to the North of the zone of the existing area of distribution, in particular in the Voronezh region, is hampered by a number of reasons, the most significant of which is insufficient winter hardiness. In this regard, the identification, selection and improvement of the properties of winter-hardy varieties and forms of walnut, capable of full valuable growth and fruiting outside the natural area, is the main breeding task. This problem looks quite solvable, taking into account the high level of individual variability of adaptive features in the selected walnut forms in the studied region. Studied garden and field plantings, plantations, landscape group and separately standing trees. In determining the resistance of plants to adverse climatic factors used conventional techniques. For the assessment of winter hardiness the new approach to determination of complex stability of plants in the winter period consisting of total indicators of frost resistance, frost resistance and resistance to sharp changes of temperatures is developed, since these adaptive features had the highest levels of significance. The proposed accelerated complex assessment of winter hardiness has a great advantage compared to the standard methodology, for the reliable determination of which it was necessary to observe for several years. Discovered significant similarities between the experienced and the approximable results of winter hardiness (assessment criterion Pirson = 12.6). At the same time, the theoretical values of winter hardiness were slightly higher than the practical ones. This is due, first of all, to the adaptability to the climatic conditions of the Voronezh region and the high regenerative capacity of most plants.

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) promise cultivars frost resistance and winter-hardiness under the conditions of the Right-Bank subzone of the Ukraine’s Western Lisosteppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
O.O. Ignatenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Moiseichenko ◽  
V.I. Vasylenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
General Level ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

In the winter-spring period of 2019-2020 the researches were carried out on the territory of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (IH NAAS) of Ukraine (the Kyiv region) under the field and modeled conditions in order to determine the influence of variable temperatures on the frost resistance and winter-hardiness of five apricot cultivars bred in Crimea (Nikitsky Botanical Garden). Cv Siaivo of IH NAAS was used as the control. The varieties estimation in the natural conditions showed that they were characterized with high winter-hardiness and frost resistance in all the variants of the experiment in the orchards. During the relatively cool winter of 2018/2019 with the minimum temperature -14,2°C the damage of the shoots tissues and buds were by almost two times more severe (all the strains) than in the nearly frostless winter of 2019/2020. When testing in the laboratory under t -25 °C the difference in the cultivars damage by years was not considerable, its general level being higher than in the winter period of 2018/2019 (in the control freezing was not utilized). At the same time under a temperature of -30 °C percent of the damage of most of cvs (5 out of 6) was higher in the winter of 2019/2020. That showed the importance of the cold influence on the plants preparation to the effect of low temperatures. The usage of such temperatures as -30 °C established the critical level of their influence on the varieties, especially on such tissues as the top and generative buds of the one-year increment. In the field conditions under the effect of the critical temperatures, namely: after the long thaw the plants could lose crop at all as their generative buds did not endured significant air temperature fluctuations which took place in the winter period of 2019/2020. However, with the proper management the trees could be restored after the stress influence, the crop losses being rather substantial though. It was the strain Vynoslivyi that appeared the most frost resistant and can be applied in breeding as one of the parental forms and grown in sufficiently great industrial volumes.

scholarly journals Study of frost resistance of cherry variety Turgenevka during on different rootstocks winter thaws

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Thaw Period

Relevance. The study of the resistance of garden cultures to unfavorable abiotic factors of the winter period is a priority direction of scientific studies, because the low winter hardiness can annul advantages the varieties on other signs. Concerning in the middle zone of Russia, studies on the resistance of cherry to frost during the thaw period remain relevant.Methods. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNI-ISPKin2017-2018. The object of research was the Turgenevka cherry variety on new clonal root-stock of the Institute breeding were studied. Control - Turgenevka on the Rubin stock. For artificial freezing in early December the material was prepared for III and IV components of frost hardiness.Results. As a result of artificial freezing, the Turgenevka cherry variety was characterized by frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues of annual shoots during a three-day winter thaw of + 2°C with a decrease in temperature of -25°C (III component of frost resistance). Inthiscase, thehighest frost resistance of the generative buds of the Turgenevka variety on rootstock 74340, 82987 is shown. After a three-day thaw of +2°C and repeated hardening with a subsequent decrease in temperature to -30°C in March (IV frost resistance component), the Turgenevka variety on the rootstock 74332, 74363, 82987 was characterized by frost resistance of vegetative buds, bark and wood of annualshoots. Moreover, in the studied scion-rootstock combinations, low frost resistance of the generative kidneys was revealed. Only in the studied variety on the rootstock 82987 was the largest percentage of living flower primordia revealed. The conducted studies revealed the Turgenevka variety in a rootstock of 82987 with the greatest potential for frost resistance during the winter thaws.

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