scholarly journals Insert Switches Inside to Increase Battery Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Christophe Savard ◽  
Pascal Venet ◽  
Eric Niel ◽  
Laurent Pietrac ◽  
Ali Sari
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Electric Model ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This paper shows the possible gain on time before the end of useful time brought by switches addition in a multicell battery. In a first time, it presents a battery electric model. A battery includes many identical electrical energy cells that electrically interact. From a behavioral standpoint, cell performance is measured by fundamental parameters: State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH). To simulate cell electrical behavior, the Thevenin model or the Nernst model are often used. However, these models do not take into account the cells aging or the possible interactions on aging. A cell ages mainly in two ways: cyclic and calendar. This aging impacts both the elements of the equivalent electrical model and the fundamental parameters (SoC and SoH). Thus, the conventional electric model of a cell does not accurately reflect the cell aging. In this paper, another formal model based on the fundamental curve that relates electrical and behavioral parameters is proposed. It integrates aging into the equivalent electric model estimation. In a second time, in order to validate this model, this cell model is used to simulate parallel-series association. To improve battery lifespan, in addition to the usual balancing techniques, it may be relevant to require some traditional reliability and operating safety solutions. This requires to add switches inside battery. The presented simulation shows adding switches solution is currently not deployed. This is justified in this paper by examining the impact provide on lifespan improvement on an example, which is pretty weak. But it also shows that however, by managing active cells in a different way, adding switches and spare cells can really reach this improvement.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Hijack the Autophagic Pathway to Induce Tau Accumulation in Endolysosomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giona Pedrioli ◽  
Marialuisa Barberis ◽  
Maurizio Molinari ◽  
Diego Morone ◽  
Stéphanie Papin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Cargo Delivery ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Acidic Compartment ◽  
First Time

AbstractClinical progression of tauopathies is reflected by the transcellular propagation of pathogenic Tau seeds with the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles as transport vectors. However, the mechanism regulating extracellular vesicle cargo delivery to recipient cells is poorly understood. We established a cell model for investigating extracellular vesicle-delivery of membranes and proteins. In this model, extracellular vesicles are readily internalized and accumulate in endolysosomes. For the first time, we show that in this acidic compartment of recipient cells, extracellular vesicle-delivered Tau seeds cause the accumulation and abnormal folding of normal Tau by a process that requires the participation of autophagy. Endolysomes represent thus a cross-road where Tau seeds released from extracellular vesicles propagate on cellular Tau on its route for autophagy-mediated degradation, ultimately driving its accumulation, endolysosomal stress and cytotoxicity. Whilst, autophagy stimulation is considered as a viable solution to protect neurons from harmful cytosolic protein inclusions, our data suggest that this approach may favour the aberrant accumulation of neurodegeneration-associated proteins induced by exogenous pathogenic protein forms, with possible implications in the spreading of the disease.

scholarly journals A Cell Model for Conditional Profiling of Androgen-Receptor-Interacting Proteins

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Mooslehner ◽  
J. D. Davies ◽  
I. A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genital Development ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Genital

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is associated with impaired male genital development and can be transmitted through mutations in the androgen receptor (AR). The aim of this study is to develop a cell model suitable for studying the impact AR mutations might have on AR interacting proteins. For this purpose, male genital development relevant mouse cell lines were genetically modified to express a tagged version of wild-type AR, allowing copurification of multiprotein complexes under native conditions followed by mass spectrometry. We report 57 known wild-type AR-interacting proteins identified in cells grown under proliferating and 65 under nonproliferating conditions. Of those, 47 were common to both samples suggesting different AR protein complex components in proliferating and proliferation-inhibited cells from the mouse proximal caput epididymus. These preliminary results now allow future studies to focus on replacing wild-type AR with mutant AR to uncover differences in protein interactions caused by AR mutations involved in PAIS.

scholarly journals FRAGMENTATION OF COLLIDING DISCS

1996 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 837-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERENC KUN ◽  
HANS J. HERRMANN
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Anomalous Scaling ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Brittle Solids ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Impact

We study the phenomena associated with the low-velocity impact of two solid discs of equal size using a cell model of brittle solids. The fragment ejection exhibits a jet-like structure the direction of which depends on the impact parameter. We obtain the velocity and the mass distribution of the debris. Varying the radius and the initial velocity of the colliding particles, the velocity components of the fragments show anomalous scaling. The mass distribution follows a power law in the region of intermediate masses.

scholarly journals A quantitative high-resolution computational mechanics cell model for growing and regenerating tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Van Liedekerke ◽  
Johannes Neitsch ◽  
Tim Johann ◽  
Enrico Warmt ◽  
Ismael Gonzàlez-Valverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mechanical Elements ◽  
Scalable Network ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMathematical models are increasingly designed to guide experiments in biology, biotechnology, as well as to assist in medical decision making. They are in particular important to understand emergent collective cell behavior. For this purpose, the models, despite still abstractions of reality, need to be quantitative in all aspects relevant for the question of interest. This paper considers as showcase example the regeneration of liver after drug-induced depletion of hepatocytes, in which the surviving and dividing hepatocytes must squeeze in between the blood vessels of a network to refill the emerged lesions. Here, the cells’ response to mechanical stress might significantly impact the regeneration process. We present a 3D high-resolution cell-based model integrating information from measurements in order to obtain a refined and quantitative understanding of the impact of cell-biomechanical effects on the closure of drug-induced lesions in liver. Our model represents each cell individually and is constructed by a discrete, physically scalable network of viscoelastic elements, capable of mimicking realistic cell deformation and supplying information at subcellular scales. The cells have the capability to migrate, grow, and divide, and the nature and parameters of their mechanical elements can be inferred from comparisons with optical stretcher experiments. Due to triangulation of the cell surface, interactions of cells with arbitrarily shaped (triangulated) structures such as blood vessels can be captured naturally. Comparing our simulations with those of so-called center-based models, in which cells have a largely rigid shape and forces are exerted between cell centers, we find that the migration forces a cell needs to exert on its environment to close a tissue lesion, is much smaller than predicted by center-based models. To stress generality of the approach, the liver simulations were complemented by monolayer and multicellular spheroid growth simulations. In summary, our model can give quantitative insight in many tissue organization processes, permits hypothesis testing in silico, and guide experiments in situations in which cell mechanics is considered important.

INVERSE UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF A CELL MODEL USING A GAUSSIAN PROCESS METAMODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
Kevin de Vries ◽  
Anna Nikishova ◽  
Benjamin Czaja ◽  
Gábor Závodszky ◽  
Alfons G. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Uncertainty Quantification ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
A Cell

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

Preincubation with Sn-complexes causes intensive intracellular retention of 99mTc in thyroid cells in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wendisch ◽  
D. Aurich ◽  
R. Runge ◽  
R. Freudenberg ◽  
J. Kotzerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Radiobiological Effects ◽  
Radioactivity Retention

SummaryTechnetium radiopharmaceuticals are well established in nuclear medicine. Besides its well-known gamma radiation, 99mTc emits an average of five Auger and internal conversion electrons per decay. The biological toxicity of these low-energy, high-LET (linear energy transfer) emissions is a controversial subject. One aim of this study was to estimate in a cell model how much 99mTc can be present in exposed cells and which radiobiological effects could be estimated in 99mTc-overloaded cells. Methods: Sodium iodine symporter (NIS)- positive thyroid cells were used. 99mTc-uptake studies were performed after preincubation with a non-radioactive (cold) stannous pyro - phosphate kit solution or as a standard 99mTc pyrophosphate kit preparation or with pure pertechnetate solution. Survival curves were analyzed from colony-forming assays. Results: Preincubation with stannous complexes causes irreversible intracellular radioactivity retention of 99mTc and is followed by further pertechnetate influx to an unexpectedly high 99mTc level. The uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate in NIS-positive cells can be modified using stannous pyrophosphate from 3–5% to >80%. The maximum possible cellular uptake of 99mTc was 90 Bq/cell. Compared with nearly pure extracellular irradiation from routine 99mTc complexes, cell survival was reduced by 3–4 orders of magnitude after preincubation with stannous pyrophosphate. Conclusions: Intra cellular 99mTc retention is related to reduced survival, which is most likely mediated by the emission of low-energy electrons. Our findings show that the described experiments constitute a simple and useful in vitro model for radiobiological investigations in a cell model.

The Influence of TRIPS Compliant Patent Laws on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Rastogi ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The first legislation in India relating to patents was the Act VI of 1856. The Indian Patents and Design Act, 1911 (Act II of 1911) replaced all the previous Acts. The Act brought patent administration under the management of Controller of Patents for the first time. After Independence, it was felt that the Indian Patents & Designs Act, 1911 was not fulfilling its objective. Various comities were constituted to recommend, framing a patent law which can fulfill the requirement of Indian Industry and people. The Indian Patent Act of 1970 was enacted to achieve the above objectives. The major provisions of the act, provided for process, not the product patents in food, medicines, chemicals with a term of 14 years and 5-7 for chemicals and drugs. The Act enabled Indian citizens to access cheapest medicines in the world and paved a way for exponential growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. TRIPS agreement, which is one of the important results of the Uruguay Round, mandated strong patent protection, especially for pharmaceutical products, thereby allowing the patenting of NCEs, compounds and processes. India is thereby required to meet the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement in relation to patents and the pharmaceutical industry. India’s patent legislation must now include provisions for availability of patents for both pharmaceutical products and processes inventions. The present paper examines the impact of change in Indian Patent law on Pharmaceutical Industry.

The impact of traditional plants and their secondary metabolites in the discovery of COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Ayesha Sarfraz ◽  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Test System ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sources

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 belongs to the family of viruses which cause a serious pneumonia along with fever, breathing issues and infection of lungs for the first time in China and later spread worldwide. Objective: Several studies and clinical trials have been conducted to identify potential drugs and vaccines for Coronavirus Disease-2019. The present study listed natural secondary metabolites identified from plant sources with antiviral properties and could be safer and tolerable treatment for Coronavirus Disease-2019. Methods: A comprehensive search on the reported studies was conducted using different search engine such as Google scholar, SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline PubMed, and Scopus for the collection of research articles based on plantderived secondary metabolites, herbal extracts, and traditional medicine for coronavirus infections. Results: Status of COVID-19 worldwide and information of important molecular targets involved in COVID-19 is described and through literature search, is highlighted that numerous plant species and their extracts possess antiviral properties and studied with respect to Coronavirus treatments. Chemical information, plant source, test system type with mechanism of action for each secondary metabolite is also mentioned in this review paper. Conclusion: The present review has listed plants that have presented antiviral potential in the previous coronavirus pandemics and their secondary metabolites which could be significant for the development of novel and a safer drug which could prevent and cure coronavirus infection worldwide.

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