scholarly journals Stromal Vascular Fraction: Biology and Application Outlook

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
V. N. Pavlov ◽  
A. A. Kazikhinurov ◽  
R. A. Kazikhinurov ◽  
M. A. Agaverdiev ◽  
I. F. Gareev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Enzymatic Dissociation ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Human Therapy ◽  
Multipotent Differentiation ◽  
Different Cell Types

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell extract obtained with enzymatic dissociation of adipose tissue followed by centrifugation. This population includes many different cell types, i.a. adipose tissue stem cells (ATSCs), vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and their precursors, pericytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, etc., excluding mature adipocytes. The main SVF component is ATSCs capable of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Since early research on SVF, an extensive effort has been aimed at understanding its clinical applications promoting a significant progress in the SVF use for treatment of various diseases and injuries. The past decade has witnessed an upward publication trend in basic and clinical research into the SVF therapeutic value. Manifold methods and devices for the SVF isolation from human liposuction lipoaspirate have been developed, continuously contributing to preclinical and clinical trials of its safety and efficacy. This review discusses the main properties and functions of the SVF cell population, its efficacy and safety for human therapy.

scholarly journals Divergent functions of endotrophin on different cell populations in adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. E952-E963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Xue Gu ◽  
Ningyan Zhang ◽  
Mikhail G. Kolonin ◽  
Zhiqiang An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Collagen Genes ◽  
Different Cell Types

Endotrophin is a cleavage product of collagen 6 (Col6) in adipose tissue (AT). Previously, we demonstrated that endotrophin serves as a costimulator to trigger fibrosis and inflammation within the unhealthy AT milieu. However, how endotrophin affects lipid storage and breakdown in AT and how different cell types in AT respond to endotrophin stimulation remain unknown. In the current study, by using a doxycycline-inducible mouse model, we observed significant upregulation of adipogenic genes in the white AT (WAT) of endotrophin transgenic mice. We further showed that the mice exhibited inhibited lipolysis and accelerated hypertrophy and hyperplasia in WAT. To investigate the effects of endotrophin in vitro, we incubated different cell types from AT with conditioned medium from endotrophin-overexpressing 293T cells. We found that endotrophin activated multiple pathological pathways in different cell types. Particularly in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, endotrophin triggered a fibrotic program by upregulating collagen genes and promoted abnormal lipid accumulation by downregulating hormone-sensitive lipolysis gene and decreasing HSL phosphorylation levels. In macrophages isolated from WAT, endotrophin stimulated higher expression of the collagen-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase and M1 proinflammatory marker genes. In the stromal vascular fraction isolated from WAT, endotrophin induced upregulation of both profibrotic and proinflammatory genes. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective on the effect of endotrophin in abnormal lipid accumulation and a mechanistic insight into the roles played by adipocytes and a variety of other cell types in AT in shaping the unhealthy microenvironment upon endotrophin treatment.

scholarly journals Isolation and cryopreservation of adipose tissue derived stem cells from different adipose tissues in obese patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
D. Freitas ◽  
A. Aguiar ◽  
F. Janz ◽  
F. Milléo ◽  
G. Favero
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Enzymatic Dissociation ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Introduction: Adult stem cells (ASCs) are a population of tissue-resident cells that have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into different cell types with potential for cell therapies. New approaches for ASCs isolation, including many tissue sources and new protocols that are more effective and less expensive are under investigation. Thus this work aim is to isolate, maintain in cell culture and evaluate cryopreservation protocols for adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) from different tissues such as subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral mesenteric and omental visceral taken from the same individual. Material and Methods: The techniques of mechanical and enzymatic dissociation were used, in order to investigate the most appropriated method to ADSCs isolation. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) in different concentrations were tested as cryoprotectors in 24, 48 and 72 hours thawing protocols. The samples were collected from obese patients with associated diseases undergoing bariatric surgery, between 30 to 45 years old. Results: Among 10 collected samples it was possible to measure cell viability from 4 patients. The higher cell rate was obtained from the visceral tissue of omentum. Conclusion: DMSO was the more efficient cryopreservant for this condition. This adipose tissue source could be explored for ADSCs isolation and future clinical investigations.

Acute-phase responses and adipocytokines

2013 ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
Elena Neumann ◽  
Klaus Frommer ◽  
Ulf Müller-Ladner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Different Cell Types

Adipokines, also called adipocytokines, are highly bioactive substances mainly expressed by adipose tissue. In addition to adipocytes, different cell types resident in various tissues produce adipokines under pathophysiological conditions. Adipokines include a growing number of pluripotent molecules such as adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin. Since distinct effects of adipokines on inflammation have been described, their influence on the (innate) immune system has been investigated in rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. This review gives an overview on the current knowledge about the influence which adipokines have on the immune system and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases.

Studies on protein phosphorylation using subcellular fractions from insulin-treated white adipose tissue of rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Brownsey ◽  
Gordon W. Dong ◽  
Vivian Lam ◽  
William McGreer
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Different Cell Types

In these studies the incorporation of 32P into proteins within subcellular fractions, obtained from rat white adipose tissue upon incubation in the presence of [γ–32P] ATP, was investigated. A stable increase in the activity of protein serine(threonine) kinase in high-speed supernatant fractions was observed following treatment of intact tissue with insulin. Protein kinase activity associated with the plasma membrane fraction of cells was diminished in response to insulin, but the decrease was apparently insufficient to account for increases observed in corresponding supernatant fractions. A range of assay conditions was employed to characterize the insulin-stimulated protein serine(threonine) kinase in supernatant fractions. The insulin-stimulated protein serine(threonine) kinase displays properties that indicate it is distinct from a number of well-characterized protein kinases, including those regulated by cAMP, calcium ions (in the presence or absence of calmodulin or mixtures of phosphatidylserine–diacylglycerol), polyamines, or heparin. There were no apparent effects of insulin on incorporation of 32P into added casein or histones II-S or III-S. The protein serine(threonine) kinase activity (or activities) described here displays properties that also appear to differ from the properties of previously described insulin-stimulated activities able to catalyze the phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6. The differences in properties may, in part, be explained by the use of different cell types, but may also indicate that treatment of cells with insulin leads to activation of more than one protein serine(threonine) kinase.

scholarly journals An optimized protocol for Isolation, Expansion and Activation of Natural Killer cells from human Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Shoae-Hassani ◽  
Mohammadreza Sadeghi ◽  
Rashin Mohseni ◽  
Peyman Keyhanvar
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Types

Abstract Adipose tissue has a heterogeneous cell population consists of adipocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts and etc. Also, it harbors immune cell types including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, NK and NKT cells. In obese patients, there is a different cell homing pattern in AT. We have developed a protocol for NK cell isolation and expansion from AT as follows: 1) harvesting stromal vascular fraction, 2) negative selection of NK cells with MACS, 3) Expansion in a closed system bag on the constant shake, 4) Chemokine activation and 5) cytotoxicity evaluation test of the final product. The entire process with a population of ten billion CD16+ NK cells last only less than 16 days. We have noticed that a large population of NK cells entrapped in AT, while there is a decrease in NK cells count in their peripheral blood (PB) despite no changes in the total number of mononuclear cells. NK cell population harvested from AT has a different pattern in the expression of some cytotoxicity receptors. So, the AT is an important source for NK cell immunobiology studies.

Acute-phase responses and adipocytokines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Neumann ◽  
Klaus Frommer ◽  
Ulf Müller-Ladner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Different Cell Types

Adipokines, also called adipocytokines, are highly bioactive substances mainly expressed by adipose tissue. In addition to adipocytes, different cell types resident in various tissues produce adipokines under pathophysiological conditions. Adipokines include a growing number of pluripotent molecules such as adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin. Since distinct effects of adipokines on inflammation have been described, their influence on the (innate) immune system has been investigated in rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. This review gives an overview on the current knowledge about the influence which adipokines have on the immune system and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases.

scholarly journals Lisosan G Protects the Retina from Neurovascular Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Amato ◽  
Maria Grazia Rossino ◽  
Maurizio Cammalleri ◽  
Filippo Locri ◽  
Laura Pucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Retinal Explants ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Neurovascular Damage

Lisosan G (LG), a fermented powder obtained from whole grains, is a recognized antioxidant compound that improves the bioactivity and survival of different cell types. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LG ameliorates both the neural and the vascular damage characterizing early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The effects of LG were studied in cultured explants of mouse retinas challenged with oxidative stress (OS) or in retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. Apoptosis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, OS markers, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity, and inflammation were assessed, while retinal function was evaluated with electroretinogram (ERG). LG extensively inhibited apoptosis, VEGF expression, and OS both in retinal explants and in STZ rats. In addition, STZ rats treated with LG displayed an almost total BRB integrity, reduced levels of inflammatory markers and a partially restored visual function as evaluated with ERG. In summary, we demonstrated that LG exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that exert powerful protective actions against neural and vascular defects characteristic of DR. Therefore, LG-containing foods or supplements may be considered to implement DR treatments.

scholarly journals Stromal Vascular Fraction and Amniotic Epithelial Cells: Preclinical and Clinical Relevance in Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Francesca Veronesi ◽  
Melania Maglio ◽  
Deyanira Contartese ◽  
Lucia Martini ◽  
Aurelio Muttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Different Cell Types

Musculoskeletal regenerative medicine is mainly based on the use of cell therapy to heal damaged tissues such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Throughout the years, different cell types have been employed for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BMSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs). Though the results of these literature studies have been encouraging, there are some limitations, especially on long-term results. Recently, some interest has shifted towards new cell types such as the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and amniotic endothelial cells (AECs). The aim of the present literature review is to evaluate preclinical and clinical studies that used SVF and AECs for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Forty-eight preclinical and clinical studies, performed in the last 10 years, were identified. Both SVF and AECs, injected or implanted with or without scaffolds, were shown to be valid alternatives, and in some ways superior, to ADSCs and BMSCs, being able to differentiate towards osteogenic, chondrogenic, and tenogenic lineages, and to promote cell and tissue regenerative potential. The use of SVF and AECs could represent a new regenerative treatment in several musculoskeletal pathologies, solving the problem of cell expansion in vitro.

scholarly journals Adipokines and Autoimmunity in Inflammatory Arthritis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Neumann ◽  
Rebecca Hasseli ◽  
Selina Ohl ◽  
Uwe Lange ◽  
Klaus W. Frommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Different Cell Types

Adipokines are adipose tissue-derived factors not only playing an important role in metabolism but also influencing other central processes of the body, such as inflammation. In autoimmune diseases, adipokines are involved in inflammatory pathways affecting different cell types. Many rheumatic diseases belong to the group of autoimmune diseases, for example rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Due to the autoimmune responses, a chronic inflammatory milieu develops, which affects the whole body, including adipose tissue. Metabolic alterations such as obesity influence inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases. Adipokines are bioactive mediators mainly produced by adipose tissue. Due to alterations of systemic adipokine levels, their role as biomarkers with diagnostic potential has been suggested in the context of rheumatic diseases. In the affected joints of RA patients, different synoviocytes but also osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes produce several adipokines, contributing to the unique inflammatory microenvironment. Adipokines have been shown to be potent modulatory effectors on different cell types of the immune system but also local cells in synovial tissue, cartilage, and bone. This review highlights the most recent findings on the role of adipokines in the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis with a distinct focus on RA in the quickly developing research field.

Neuropilins: structure, function and role in disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 411 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Pellet-Many ◽  
Paul Frankel ◽  
Haiyan Jia ◽  
Ian Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Axonal Guidance ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Tumour Cell Lines ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Different Cell Types

NRPs (neuropilins) are co-receptors for class 3 semaphorins, polypeptides with key roles in axonal guidance, and for members of the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family of angiogenic cytokines. They lack a defined signalling role, but are thought to mediate functional responses as a result of complex formation with other receptors, such as plexins in the case of semaphorins and VEGF receptors (e.g. VEGFR2). Mutant mouse studies show that NRP1 is essential for neuronal and cardiovascular development, whereas NRP2 has a more restricted role in neuronal patterning and lymphangiogenesis, but recent findings indicate that NRPs may have additional biological roles in other physiological and disease-related settings. In particular, NRPs are highly expressed in diverse tumour cell lines and human neoplasms and have been implicated in tumour growth and vascularization in vivo. However, despite the wealth of information regarding the probable biological roles of these molecules, many aspects of the regulation of cellular function via NRPs remain uncertain, and little is known concerning the molecular mechanisms through which NRPs mediate the functions of their various ligands in different cell types.

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