scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF METABOLIC PROCESSES IN THE FORMATION OF MENSTRUAL FUNCTION DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(42)) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
A. Borshuliak ◽  
O. Andriets ◽  
A. Andriets ◽  
A. Semeniak
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction

Іntroduction. Today, a quarter of the population of economically developed countries has a body weight that is 15% larger than the norm. According to various authors, the timely onset of menarche in women with various forms of obesity and reproductive dysfunction is observed in 31% of cases only. Obesity results in insulin resistance, which in its turn results in hyperinsulinemia. The main reason of the connection of insulin resistance with reproductive function disorders consists in the specific influence of insulin on ovaries. Insulin suppresses apoptosis, binding to receptors of various growth factors that promotes long existence of atresizing follicles. In the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, along with the development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, a significant role belongs to the imbalance of adipocytokines, one of which is adiponectin. The aim is to analyze metabolic processes in the formation of menstrual dysfunction in adolescent girls with obesity to improve diagnostic methods of menstrual disorders. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory examination of adolescent girls aged 12-18 years was held, among which 79 had obesity and complaints about menstrual dysfunction (the main group); 31 with normal body weight and regular menstrual cycle (the control group). Research methods: general clinical, biochemical (indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined), instrumental (ultrasound), statistical. Results. It was found that 53.3% of the girls from the main group had the beginning of the first menstruation after 14 years, delayed menstruation from 42 days to 6 days, duration 2.1 ± 0.05 days, which was significantly shorter, the volume of 10.2 ± 0.05; 0.4 points (average 1-2 pads per day) was significantly lower (p <0.05). Ultrasound showed uterine hypoplasia in almost every second girl in the main group - 36 (45.46%). Hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance was found in obesity of the first degree 34.8 ± 1.75, in obesity of the second degree 37.15 ± 2.12, in obesity of the third degree 40.64 ± 2.0. It was 14.35 ng / ml in the control group, p<0,01. Hyperleptinemia in the main group was accompanied by hyperinsulinemia in 26% of cases and insulin resistance. The relationship between low values of adiponectin and elevated body mass index in patients of the main group was established, which was confirmed by the results of correlation analysis (adiponectin & body mass index: ρ = -0.74). Analysis of the results revealed a decrease of A/L level in the main group by 4.3 times. Based on our own results, the A/L and HOMA-AD models can be considered more accurate for determining insulin resistance. Conclusions. 1. Changes of the menstrual cycle in overweight girls were found. The association of adipokines secretion disorders is characterized by hyperleptinemia, leptin resistance, decreased Adiponectin / Leptin index and hypoadiponectinemia, which, in combination with insulin resistance, indicates the participation of adipokines in the genesis of oligomenorrhea. The algorithm of adolescents’ treatment with menstrual dysfunction on the background of obesity must include the calculation of Adiponectin/Leptin and HOMA-AD, which will make it possible to avoid overdiagnosis of insulin resistance.

Medico-social factors influencing the menstrual function in adolescents with overweight

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Elena Anatol’yevna Yalfimova ◽  
Galiya Fettyakhovna Kutusheva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Obesity is a serious medical, social and economic issue in modern society. Relevance it is determined primarily by the high prevalence of obesity. Objective: identify medical and social factors influencing the development of obesity in adolescent girls with menstrual cycle. Materials and methods: questionnaires, analysis of medical records, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination 167 girls from 14 to 18 years with obesity I degree (28,7 %), obesity degree II (58,1 %), obesity III degree (13.2 %) and their parents, and 211 girls with normal body weight and their parents. Results: artificial feeding from birth had 23,2% of the young women of the main group, in the control group the rate was 7.4 %. The regularity of meals keep 12.5 % of adolescents in primary and 27.1 % of adolescents in the control groups. The prevalence of high-calorie foods noted 21.1 % of girls are obese and only 4.9 % of normal body weight. The average age at onset of menarche in girls with obesity was 10 years and 9 months, which is 11 months earlier than in the con-control group girls. Girls with overweight significantly more often in 80.6 % of identified disorders of lipid compared with a group of girls with normal body weight, in 13.9 % of cases respectively. In the main group was observed hormonal changes, talking about changing the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland, disorders of the cyclical release of gonadotropins, the absence of physiological “ovulatory peak”, a chaotic secretion of FSH and LH, the violation of physiological ratio of FSH/LH. When conducting USDG in the first group identified dyscirculatory violations arterial bed, in the form of the asymmetry of the flow and signs of venous degenii in the form of increased speed of blood flow in the jugular veins, monophasic flow in the veins, the blood flow in the vertebral veins in a horizontal position. Conclusions: the menstrual cycle occurs under the action of complex factors, such as physical illness, unbalanced diet, chronic stress, bad habits, poor physical living conditions. A survey of adolescent girls who turned over the menstrual cycle and with obesity should be integrated and include in addition to the laboratory, instrumentaltion survey joint management of such patients related-governmental experts.

scholarly journals A Submaximal Exercise Patterns Intervention on the Plasmatic Leptin Level and Insulin Resistance for Overweight / Obesity Boys Adolescences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Nazem ◽  
Salman Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Training Interval

Objective: Obesity is a medical problem that increases the risk of health problems like diabetes. Hormones secreting from fat tissue, Leptin, are correlated with body mass index. Leptin reduces the personchr('39')s appetite by acting on specific centers of their brain to reduce their urge to eat. And insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is essential for regulating carbohydrates and the metabolism of fat. A positive relationship between leptin levels and insulin resistance in children showing in this study is to determine the effect of continues-endurance and interval-endurance on leptin serum levels and insulin resistance in over-weighted youths. Materials and Methods: This study is a semi-experimental design. Thirty boys were voluntarily selected as a matched two experimental groups and a control. Physical profiles included aged 16-19, BMI; 37.75 (±4.46) KG/M2, base functional capacity: 32.8 (±3.6) ml/kg/min which dividing by three equal groups: the submaximal training interval, a continuum and interval and control group performed the submaximal running program for six weeks on 3 D/W. The selected parameters were evaluated for an intervention pre and post-conditions. Results: weight and body mass index variables were decreased by about 2.5-3% after exercise intervention. Plasmatic leptin levels were reduced by about 45% in the continuum and interval control groups. HOMA-IR & QUICKI indexes altered in the EG (8.9 %, 7.8%) (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Presumably, 2 exercise program patterns lower than lactate threshold could change body composition profile, basal leptin level, and blood glucose /insulin concentrations, which probably induced changes in resistance to insulin.

scholarly journals Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 as Predictor of Body Mass Index and Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis: Neuroplasticity and the Metabolic Milieu

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Coplan ◽  
Shariful Syed ◽  
Tarique D. Perera ◽  
Sasha L. Fulton ◽  
Mary Ann Banerji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates carbohydrate metabolism and promotes neurogenesis. We reported an inverse correlation between adult body mass and neurogenesis in nonhuman primates. Here we examine relationships between physiological levels of the neurotrophic incretin, plasma GLP-1 (pGLP-1), and body mass index (BMI) in adolescence to adult neurogenesis and associations with a diabesity diathesis and infant stress. Morphometry, fasting pGLP-1, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were measured in early adolescence in 10 stressed and 4 unstressed male bonnet macaques. As adults, dentate gyrus neurogenesis was assessed by doublecortin staining. High pGLP-1, low body weight, and low central adiposity, yet peripheral insulin resistance and high plasma lipids, during adolescence were associated with relatively high adult neurogenesis rates. High pGLP-1 also predicted low body weight with, paradoxically, insulin resistance and high plasma lipids. No rearing effects for neurogenesis rates were observed. We replicated an inverse relationship between BMI and neurogenesis. Adolescent pGLP-1 directly predicted adult neurogenesis. Two divergent processes relevant to human diabesity emerge—high BMI, low pGLP-1, and low neurogenesis and low BMI, high pGLP-1, high neurogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid elevations. Diabesity markers putatively reflect high nutrient levels necessary for neurogenesis at the expense of peripheral tissues.

scholarly journals Responses of Serum Androgen and Insulin Resistance to Metformin and Pioglitazone in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1360-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ortega-González ◽  
S. Luna ◽  
L. Hernández ◽  
G. Crespo ◽  
P. Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Severe insulin resistance is a key abnormality in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pioglitazone decreases insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism to the same extent as metformin in obese women with PCOS who have not received any previous treatment. Fifty-two women with PCOS were randomly allocated to receive either pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 25) or metformin (850 mg three times daily, n = 27) and were assessed before and after 6 months. Body weight, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after pioglitazone treatment but not after metformin treatment. Fasting serum insulin concentration (P &lt; 0.001 for both drugs) and the area under the insulin curve during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test decreased after pioglitazone (P &lt; 0.002) or metformin (P &lt; 0.05) treatment. IR (homeostasis model of assessment-IR index) decreased and insulin sensitivity (elevation of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and the fasting glucose to insulin ratio) increased (P ≤ 0.008) after treatment with either drug. Hirsutism (P &lt; 0.05) and serum concentrations of free testosterone (P &lt; 0.02) and androstenedione (P &lt; 0.01) declined to a similar extent after treatment with the drugs. Treatment with pioglitazone or metformin was associated with the occurrence of pregnancy (n = 5 and n = 3, respectively). These results suggest that pioglitazone is as effective as metformin in improving insulin sensitivity and hyperandrogenism, despite an increase in body weight, body mass index, and the waist to hip ratio associated with pioglitazone.

The causes of development of pulmonary hypertension under obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Veronika S. Pshennova ◽  
O. V Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Blood Pressure ◽  
Males And Females

The article presents the results of study demonstrating that though evident symptoms of pulmonary hypertension were absent (maximal systolic tension was within standards both in males and females of main group) reliable increasing of blood pressure in pulmonary artery in comparison with control group under increasing of body mass index, waist volume and index waist/hips. At that, in males of main group under obesity degree I and II average blood pressure exceeded limits of standards.

scholarly journals Lower Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Production by Adipose Tissue and Liver in Obese Patients Unrelated to Insulin Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 4499-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Selva ◽  
Albert Lecube ◽  
Cristina Hernández ◽  
Juan A. Baena ◽  
José M. Fort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects

Context: Zinc-α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) has been proposed as a new candidate in the pathogenesis of obesity, but most of the information stems from studies performed in rodents and in vitro assays. Objective: The main aim of the study was to compare serum levels of ZAG and its expression (mRNA levels and protein) in adipose tissue and the liver between obese and nonobese subjects. The relationship between ZAG and insulin resistance was also explored. Design: This was a case-control study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university referral center. Patients and Methods: Samples of serum, sc adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and liver were obtained from 20 obese subjects during bariatric surgery. Samples from 10 nonobese patients matched by age and gender were used as a control group. Serum ZAG levels were determined by ELISA. ZAG mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR and protein content by Western blot. The effect of insulin on liver production of ZAG was assessed using HepG2 cultures. Results: Serum concentration of ZAG (micrograms per milliliter) was significantly lower in obese subjects (40.87 ± 10.45 vs. 63.26 ± 16.40; P = 0.002). ZAG expression was significantly lower in the adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) and liver of obese patients than in control subjects. Significant negative correlations between body mass index and circulating ZAG (r = −0.65, P &lt; 0.001) as well as between body mass index and mRNA ZAG levels in SAT (r = −0.68, P &lt; 0.001) and VAT were detected (r = −0.64, P &lt; 0.001). No relationship was found between ZAG and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and insulin had no effect on ZAG production in vitro. Conclusion: A down-regulation of ZAG in SAT, VAT, and liver exists in obese patients but seems unrelated to insulin resistance. A downregulation of zinc-α2 glycoprotein in adipose tissue and liver exists in obese patients, and it is unrelated to insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Body mass index increase before 3 years-of-age augments the degree of insulin resistance corresponding to body mass index in adolescent girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Arisaka ◽  
Go Ichikawa ◽  
Toshimi Sairenchi ◽  
George Imataka ◽  
Satomi Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Body Mass Index Increase

scholarly journals Serum Omentin Levels in Adolescent Girls With Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity

2015 ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OŚWIĘCIMSKA ◽  
A. SUWAŁA ◽  
E. ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKA ◽  
Z. OSTROWSKA ◽  
P. GORCZYCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

It is believed that omentin is secreted by stromal cells of adipose tissue and modulates insulin sensitivity. Data from a few studies have shown lower serum omentin in obese children and higher in anorexia nervosa. However, to date, there is lack of research on serum omentin concentrations in adolescent patients in a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study omentin-1 serum concentrations were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kit in 47 Polish girls with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN), 50 with simple obesity (OB) and 39 healthy controls (C). The mean serum omentin-1 concentration in girls with AN was statistically significantly higher than that of C and OB girls. Statistically significant (P<0.0001) negative correlations between the serum concentrations of omentin-1 and body weight (r=−0.73), BMI (r=−0.75), standard deviation score for body mass index (BMI-SDS) (r=−0.75), insulin (r=−0.81) and HOMA-IR index (r=−0.82) were seen in the entire examined population. We conclude, that omentin-1 is the nutritional marker reflecting body weight and insulin resistance. Our findings support the hypothesized role of omentin in maintenance of body weight and regulation of appetite and suggest the adaptation of its secretion to body weight and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Association between Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Increased Body Weight: A Meta-Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1525-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bolland ◽  
Andrew B. Grey ◽  
Greg D. Gamble ◽  
Ian R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Age And Sex

Although primary hyperparathyroidism is frequently asymptomatic, it has been associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer. Previously we reported that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are heavier than age-matched controls. Increased body weight could contribute to the association between primary hyperparathyroidism and these extraskeletal complications. We searched MEDLINE for English language studies published between 1975 and 2003 that reported body weight or body mass index in subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism and a healthy age- and sex-comparable eucalcemic control group. Seventeen eligible studies were identified. Subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism were 3.34 kg (95% confidence interval, 1.97–4.71; P &lt; 0.00001) heavier than controls in 13 studies reporting body weight. In four studies reporting body mass index, subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism had an increased body mass index of 1.13 kg/m2 (−0.29 to 2.55; P = 0.12) compared with controls. Standard mean difference analysis showed that subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism had an increased weight or body mass index of 0.3 sd (0.19–0.40; P &lt; 0.00001) compared with controls. We conclude that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are heavier than their eucalcemic peers, and that increased body weight may contribute to the reported associations between primary hyperparathyroidism and some extraskeletal complications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document