Islam dan Budaya: Strategi Kultural Walisongo dalam Membangun Masyarakat Muslim Indonesia

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-193
Author(s):  
Suparjo Suparjo

This paper intends to analyze how Walisongo applied their cultural strategies to construct Indonesia Muslimsociety. It aims to give an alternative view in solving the discourse on the effective impact of cultural strategy in constructingsociety. To do so, it applies a socio-historical perspective. As a result, Walisongo successfully constructed Muslim society as aninclusive and transformed people towards local cultures. However, Walisongo did not apply syncretism or integrationbetween Islam and local culture but they just acculturated some of Islamic doctrine within local cultures. Therefore, therewere many elements of local cultures adopted by Walisongo as elements of Islamic cultures by internalizing Islamic doctrineswithin them. Since Walisongo’s cultural strategy successfully played an important role in constructing society, the question thencould it be adopted until nowdays?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Suparjo Suparjo

This paper intends to analyze how Walisongo applied their cultural strategies to construct Indonesia Muslimsociety. It aims to give an alternative view in solving the discourse on the effective impact of cultural strategy in constructingsociety. To do so, it applies a socio-historical perspective. As a result, Walisongo successfully constructed Muslim society as aninclusive and transformed people towards local cultures. However, Walisongo did not apply syncretism or integrationbetween Islam and local culture but they just acculturated some of Islamic doctrine within local cultures. Therefore, therewere many elements of local cultures adopted by Walisongo as elements of Islamic cultures by internalizing Islamic doctrineswithin them. Since Walisongo’s cultural strategy successfully played an important role in constructing society, the question thencould it be adopted until nowdays?


2019 ◽  
pp. 159-190
Author(s):  
Christopher Bischof

Chapter seven, ‘Everyday Stories’, argues that teachers turned the log books in which they were supposed to keep a basic, factual record of their work into vivid stories about the communities in which they worked. Acquiring and sharing intimate, textured knowledge about local communities and the people who inhabited them was central to teachers’ sense of professional duty. They opened up dialogues between and balanced the frequently competing desires of local communities, state officials, and private do-gooders. Teachers’ mediation ran both ways. They enforced state policies, albeit in a selective manner which took account of local circumstances. However, they also represented to policymakers the flaws that they saw in those policies, the difficulties they faced in their everyday work, and the particulars of the local culture and economy. Teachers moved back and forth between acting as servants of the central state, local advocates, and independent professionals sometimes occupying more than one role at once. They sought to affect significant changes, but to do so carefully, slowly, and by working through rather than against local cultures.


Author(s):  
Alessandra Bonci ◽  
Francesco Cavatorta

This chapter discusses the evolution of the politics of term limits in Tunisia, from independence in 1956 until the approval of the 2014 democratic constitution. Through the observation of the manipulation of term limits, we can retrace the political history of the country. It is interesting to examine how Bourguiba and Ben Ali managed to achieve their goals by stretching term limits, how and in which conditions they were prevented to do so and finally, whether there are some recurring patterns. This study then places in historical perspective the analysis on how term limits in Tunisia today have been discussed and implemented. Tunisians today are still coping with the recent political turmoil, which may lead them not to pay attention to creeping but substantial constitutional changes that might occur in light of the return to presidential practices in what is a semi-presidential system.


Author(s):  
Svend Brinkmann

This book is about the different philosophical paradigms and ideas that influence qualitative research. Its aim is to discuss and evaluate the ways that philosophical positions inform qualitative research as currently practiced. Unlike other contributions to the field, this book takes a historical perspective and shows how the philosophical ideas have evolved and influenced qualitative research in previous times and today. Today, qualitative researchers often report on their philosophical commitments (if they do so at all) in a separate section of their papers, but this book is written from the perspective that philosophical ideas influence everything in the research process from the first formulation of a research theme to the final reporting of the results. Therefore, it is preferable to highlight how this happens. Philosophy should thus not be thought of as a purely abstract discipline, disconnected from the practicalities of research, but rather as a concrete and pervasive aspect of all qualitative research practices. This book does not provide in-depth treatments of qualitative methods and techniques such as interviewing, document analysis, or participant observation, but rather aims to introduce and discuss the philosophical issues that are relevant regardless of the specific methods employed by qualitative researchers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom O’Regan ◽  
Catherine Young

In this article, we use the five-yearly census of occupations to develop an historical perspective on Australian journalist employment from 1961. We do so for two reasons. First, we gauge the impact on journalist employment of online media from 1996 and media platforms since 2006 comparing these to previous media transformations. Second, we explore journalism and its occupational profile noting its close connection with authors and public relations professions. To allow for a period when the Australian Bureau of Statistics placed journalists and authors together as in a single occupational grouping (from 1961 to 1981), we track their combined employment from 1961 to 2016. From 1986, we consider journalists and authors separately. In each case, we consider numbers employed, their respective proportion of the workforce and their compound annual growth rates establishing the extent to which employment grew above – or fell below – that of the workforce as a whole. We show the gradual recalibration of journalists and their writer–author counterparts with respect to each other. From 1996, we outline the performance of different kinds of journalist over the 20 years to 2016 covering both online’s first open Internet decade and its second closed media platform from 2006 to 2016.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Ivonne Sandra Sumual ◽  
Rini Trivosa

Abstract The encounter of the Christian faith with local culture produces dynamic interactions. It can happen that the Christian faith is integrated with that culture. Christian faith can also replace local culture. This is proven when the Christian faith meets the Ma ’nenek culture in Toraja. This research was conducted to find out how the perception and impact of Ma' nenek culture on the Christian faith of the GPSDI Buntuminanga congregation, Toraja. By using a qualitative approach or method, it was found that even though this village became a Christian enclave (100% Christian), it turned out that they still believed in local cultures. These things state that some of the local people are Christians who practice syncretism, that is, there are 2 objects of belief or mixed beliefs. In addition there is also occultism, namely belief in the power of darkness. The presence of Ma' nenek has attracted the attention of the community, especially in Lembang Buntuminanga, that the spirits of the ancestors will come to bless, heal, help and save for families who perform this ritual. The purpose of this culture is as a form of respect for parents. There are still some Christians in Toraja who still believe in the efficacy of rituals in the Ma' nenek. However, in general, Ma' nenek is run by not crashing into the Christian faith in GPSDI Lembang Buntuminaga.   Keywords: grandmothers' culture; christian faith; respect for parents   Abstrak Pertemuan iman Kristen dengan kebudayaan lokal menghasilkan interaksi yang dinamis. Dapat terjadi bahwa iman Kristen menyatu dengan budaya tersebut. Dapat terjadi juga iman Kristen menggantikan budaya setempat. Hal tersebut yang nampak ketika iman Kristen bertemu dengan kebudayaan Ma’ nenek di Toraja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi dan dampak kebudayaan Ma’ nenek terhadap iman Kristen jemaat GPSDI Buntuminanga, Toraja.  Dengan menggunakan pendekatan atau metode kualitatif, maka didapatkan bahwa sekalipun desa ini menjadi kantong Kristen (100% Kristen), tetapi ternyata mereka masih menganut kepercayaan terhadap budaya-budaya lokal. Hal-hal tersebut menyatakan bahwa sebagian dari masyarakat setempat merupakan orang Kristen yang menjalankan sinkretisme, yakni terdapat 2 objek kepercayaan atau percampuran keyakinan. Di samping itu juga terdapat okultisme, yakni kepercayaaan terhadap kuasa kegelapan. Kehadiran Kebudayan Ma’ nenek telah menarik perhatian masyarakat khususnya di lembang Buntuminanga, bahwa arwah dari leluhur akan datang memberkati, menyembuhkan, menolong dan menyelamatkan bagi keluarga yang melakukan ritual ini. Tujuan dilakukannya kebudayaan ini adalah sebagai bentuk penghormatan terhadap Orang Tua. Masih ada beberapa orang Kristen di Toraja masih percaya dengan keampuhan ritual dalam budaya Ma’ nenek. Namun, secara umum, kebudayaan Ma’ nenek dijalankan dengan tidak menabrak iman Kristen di GPSDI Lembang Buntuminaga.   Kata Kunci: kebudayaan ma’ nenek; iman kristen; penghormatan terhadap orang tua


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Fernando Teixeira Luiz

Revela-se, nas últimas décadas do século XX, a incidência de séries animadas protagonizadas por heróis primordiais, afinados à mitologia pagã e às Novelas de Cavalaria. Nessa direção, o presente estudo ocupa-se em rastrear, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, descritiva e historicista, as propostas veiculadas pelo cinema gráfico entre 1980 e 2000 e suas articulações com a literatura, o cinema e os quadrinhos. Não está em cogitação, assim, a análise minuciosa de uma obra, mas o delineamento de um panorama histórico que permita visualizar as perspectivas de representação de heróis tradicionais ao longo de vinte anos. Para tanto, recorre-se à crítica especializada, às teorias da narrativa e aos estudos sobre desenho animado e indústria cultural. Em linhas gerais, a pesquisa apontou para um quadro curioso, se comparado às décadas anteriores, marcado, predominantemente, pelo hibridismo. Assim, diversos estúdios lançavam mão de uma teia de signos típicos de circuitos específicos, como o universo da mitologia, o substrato medieval, a literatura arturiana, a fantasia futurista, o faroeste norte-americano e as fontes lendárias dos samurais. Palavras-chave: Desenho animado. Literatura. Estética. Leitor. Herói. THE CONSTRUCTION OF HEROES IN CARTOONS: THE PERIOD OF HYBRID NARRATIVES (1980 – 2000) Abstract: The last decades of the 20th century saw the incidence of animated series featuring primordial heroes, attuned to pagan mythology and to chivalric romance. From a critical, descriptive and historical perspective, this paper aims to track the initiatives conveyed in animated movies between 1980 and 2000 and their correlation with literature, cinema and comic books. The paper offers a historical outline, which provides an overview of perspectives that traditional heroes were represented within a twenty-year time span. In order to do so, it relies on specialized criticism, narrative theory, and on studies about animation and cultural industry. Overall, it points towards an interesting scenario if compared to earlier decades, which were mostly marked by the presence of hybridity. Thus, diverse studios employed a network of signs from specific contexts, such as mythology, medievalism, Arthurian literature, science fiction, American western, and Japanese samurai epics. Keywords: Animated Cartoon. Literature. Aesthetics. Reader. Hero.


Author(s):  
Paisun Paisun

Throughout the history, it is well-known that the ingress and the progress of Islam in Indonesia, especially in Java and Madura, were held almost without any tension and conflict. Even in the societies with some former belief systems such as Animism and Buddhism, Islam was easily accepted as a religion that brings peace within its teachings. During periods, Islam and local cultures perform a dialectical relationship and give rise to local variances of Islam, such as Javanese Islam, Madurese Islam, Sasak Islam, Sundanese Islam, etc. Those variances of Islam are the result of an acculturation process between Islam with the local cultures. In other word, this process is also called as “inculturation”. These local variances of Islam, further termed as the “cultural Islam” in this paper, have become a characteristics of Indonesian Islamic societies phenomenon which are different from Middle-East’s Islamic society and European Islamic society. This paper discusses about the Madurese Islam, one of these cultural Islam’s variances. Dialectical process between Islam and the local culture of Madura in turn generates a unique Madurese Islam, which is distinctive and esoteric. In its further developments, Islam and Madurese tradition are seen as unity and inseparatable, though people can still distinguish one another. This study seeks to uncover and expose the Islamic cultural dynamics that exist and grow in Madura: how big is the change that occurred, in which part, and what factors underlie these changes. This study provides benefit in enriching our scientific study about Indonesian cultural heritage, especially about the dialectical relationship between Islam and Madurese local culture.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Qamar ◽  
Ahmad Jusoh . ◽  
Halimah Idris .

The concept and methodology of Six Sigma was developed by the American companies within the local culture of America. Therefore it is grounded on the standards, ethics and behaviours represented by America. The present study proposes that implementing Six Sigma in other countries with different cultures, norms and behaviours may have adjustment problems, as the required culture, values and behaviours for Six Sigma do not match with the local cultures of countries. A conceptual model is proposed which would utilize the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to determine the effect of national culture at each phase of Six Sigma process.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Javad Haditaghi ◽  
Jaleh Hassasskhah ◽  
Mohammad Amin Sorahi

<p>The current study provides the possibility of merging Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse analysis with network theory to specify an alternative bedstead for studying discourse via a semi-automatic algorithm. To do so, first, considering the text as the discourse of complex system, a semi-automatic algorithm is implemented to transform the interacting linguistic components into a network which is depicted as a graph of vertices connected by edges. Then, some of the graph statistics, e.g. degree, weighted degree, eigenvector centrality, etc., are identified for characterizing the nodes as moments, nodal points, and/or nodal point of identity. Finally, the articulation of the discourse based on the above-mentioned components is studied. The results indicate that the approach is strong enough to pave a way for studying the articulation of the discourse from an alternative view, especially based on Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse analysis.</p>


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