Interkoneksi Fikih Hisab Rukyat dan Ilmu Geodesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Marwadi Marwadi
Keyword(s):  
General Formula ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Orthometric Height ◽  
Spherical Trigonometry ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
The Real ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Calculation Results

Islamic studies, including fiqh, using an integration-interconnection approach with other sciences are important to do to get a more complete perspective. One of them is the interconnection of “hisab-rukyat” fiqh with geodesy. In general, the study of the Qibla direction, the beginning of prayer times, the beginning of the qamariah month, and eclipses in “hisab-rukyat” fiqh, uses the general formula of spherical trigonometry with a round earth reference. Round earth references in the study of the region differ from the real condition of the earth in the form of an ellipsoid as described in geodesy. To get more valid results, it is important to convert latitude and place height. The latitude of the place obtained by reference or GPS is the geodetic latitude with the earth reference in the form of an ellipsoid, whereas the spherical trigonometry formula refers to the shape of a round Earth. The place height obtained through GPS is the ellipsoid height, not the desired orthometric height (above the average surface of sea water). By converting these data, studies of the “hisab-rukyat” fiqh can be more valid. By increasing the validity of the calculation results, the interconnection between “hisab-rukyat” fiqh and geodesy appears in the form of complementation, meaning that data and findings of geodesy can complement data and analysis in “hisab-rukyat” fiqh, so that it is possible to draw more valid conclusions.

Islamic discourse and democracy Between the theory of assimilation and exclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Asaad Abdullwahab AbdulKarim
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The Real ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Source Of Information

Religious discourse is one of the topics that bring the attention of writers and thinkers to the dimensions and intellectual contents related to the reality of social, economic and political pension, religion and the importance and prestige of his followers plays a major role in the establishment of many intellectual convictions and ideologies and relatively constant readings. Islam, as a religion, is one of the main sources in the growth of Arab and Islamic mindset. It is the main source of information and the real motivation for human change. Therefore, interest in Islamic studies, both political and social, helps us to understand the truth and bring us closer to the reality in which we live..

Optimization of a Closed-Cycle OTEC System

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Uehara ◽  
Yasuyuki Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Change Temperature ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy ◽  
Powell Method ◽  
Method Of Steepest Descent

Optimization of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system is carried out by the Powell Method (the method of steepest descent). The parameters in the objective function consist of the velocities of cold sea water and warm sea water passing through the heat exchangers, the phase change temperature, and turbine configuration (specific speed, specific diameter, ratio of blade to diameter). Numerical results are shown for a 100-MW OTEC plant with plate-type heat exchangers using ammonia as working fluid, and are compared with calculation results for the case when the turbine efficiency is fixed.

Part 2. The deeper structure of the Atlantic - Geological hypotheses and the earth's crust under the oceans

1954 ◽  
Vol 222 (1150) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Peridotite Xenoliths ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
Mohorovičić Discontinuity

Recent work has determined the depth of the Mohorovičić discontinuity at sea and has made it likely that peridotite xenoliths in basaltic volcanic rocks are samples of material from below the discontinuity. It is now possible to produce a hypothetical section showing the transition from a continent to an ocean. This section is consistent with both the seismic and gravity results. The possible reactions of the crust to changes in the total volume of sea water are dis­cussed. It seems possible that the oceans were shallower and the crust thinner in the Archean than they are now. If this were so, some features of the oldest rocks of Canada and Southern Rhodesia could be explained. Three processes are described that might lead to the formation of oceanic ridges; one of these involves tension, one compression and the other quiet tectonic conditions. It is likely that not all ridges are formed in the same way. It is possible that serpentization of olivine by water rising from the interior of the earth plays an important part in producing changes of level in the ocean floor and anomalies in heat flow. Finally, a method of reducing gravity observations at sea is discussed.

scholarly journals XXXIV. On the transit of Venus in 1769. To the Right Honourable The Earl of Morton, President to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, this discourse is, with all humility, inscribed, by their humble servant, Thomas Hornsby

1765 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The observations of the late transit of Venus, though made with all possible care and accuracy, have not enabled us to determine with certainty the real quantity of the sun's parallax; since, by a comparison of the observations made in several parts of the globe, the sun's parallax is not less than 8" 1/2, nor does it seem to exceed 10". From the labours of those gentlemen, who have attempted to deduce this quantity from the theory of gravity, it should seem that the earth performs its annual revolution round the sun at a greater distance than is generally imagined: since Mr. Professor Stewart has determined the sun's parallax to be only 6', 9, and Mr. Mayer, the late celebrated Professor at Gottingen, who hath brought the lunar tables to a degree of perfection almost unexpected, is of opinion that it cannot exceed 8".

It’s Not Just Academic—Writing Public Scholarship in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Carl W. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Public Scholarship ◽  
Middle Eastern Studies

Everyone knows that the work of scholars in America is often considered to be irrelevant to the real issues of life. According to the mild anti-intellectualism that seems to be an endemic feature of American culture, anything that is “academic” is automatically impractical, complex, and impenetrable—in short, it is bad. This is a little hard for professors to live with; no one likes being called a pointy-headed intellectual or an egghead. The very skills and specializations that are the keys to academic success can be seen by the public as defects that remove scholars from the sphere of ordinary existence and disqualify their pronouncements. Here I would like to argue that the gap between academics and an unappreciative public is in good part a function of the language and style of communication that scholars commonly practice in all fields. But if in fact there are large segments of the public who are keenly interested in issues relating to subjects like Middle Eastern studies, or the study of Islam, it should be possible for academics to communicate the results of their labor in clear and meaningful ways. If qualified scholars do not respond to the demands of the public, we know what the alternative is: the public will remain content with the standard media sources of information and disinformation.

scholarly journals Promoting Education for Sustainable Development: Roles of Teacher

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Bakhati
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
Roles Of Teacher ◽  
Growing Population

Human beings are considered as the most intellectual living beings in this Universe because they are able to cope with all the natural resources for their personal needs and preserving the things as well. Due to the growing population and immense using of resources, the things which we get from the nature are being destroyed by using in improper way. Our common home: the Earth is now in crisis as a result of limited awareness, egotism and understanding about the real values of nature and natural resources. In this problematic situation, Sustainable Development (SD) is emerged as a window of hope and later Education for Sustainable Developed (ESD) is appeared to promote the SD. However, if the knowledge is not transformed into behavior and practical life, the knowledge will be nothing or the meaningless.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v1i0.13086 Journal of Training and Development Vol.1 2015: 21-26

scholarly journals Generalised sturm-liouville expansions in series of pairs of related functions

1927 ◽  
Vol 115 (770) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Differentiable Function ◽  
Real Variable ◽  
Complex Parameter ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
In Series ◽  
Sturm Liouville

The expansions here developed are required for the author’s discussion of "Meteorological Perturbations of Tides and Currents in an Unlimited Channel rotating with the Earth” ( v. supra , p. 170). Let η ( x ) be a real differentiable function of x defined in the range 0 ≼ x ≼ 1, and satisfying the condition η ( x ) > c > 0 for all such x . Let ϕ λ ( x ) and ψ λ ( x ) be functions of the real variable x and the complex parameter λ , defined in the above range by the equations d / dx [ η ( x ) dϕ λ ( x )/ dx ] + ( λ + iγ ) ϕ λ ( x ) = -1, d / dx [ η ( x ) dψ λ ( x )/ dx ] + ( λ + iγ ) ψ λ ( x ) = -1 (1) together with the boundary conditions ϕ' λ (0) = 0, ψ' λ (0) = 0, ϕ' λ (1) = 0, ψ λ (1) = 0, (2) γ being a prescribed constant.

scholarly journals Issues of Electronic Waste on Life - A Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Saurabh Mitra ◽  
Jayati Chatterjee Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
General Public ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
It Industry ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Data

<p>Electronic waste or e-squander is one of the quickest developing issues of the world. E-squander involves a large number of parts, some containing poisonous substances that can adversely affect human wellbeing and the earth if not dealt with legitimately. In India, e-squander the board expect more noteworthy essentialness not just because of the age of its own e-squander, yet additionally as a result of the dumping of e-squander from created nations. This is combined with India's absence of proper foundation and methods for its transfer and reusing. The generation of electrical and electronic gear (EEE) is one of the quickest developing worldwide assembling exercises. Quick monetary development, combined with urbanization and developing an interest for customer merchandise, has expanded both the utilization and the creation of EEE. The Indian data innovation (IT) industry has been one of the real drivers of progress in the economy in the most recent decade and has contributed essentially to the advanced unrest being experienced by the world. New electronic contraptions and machines have invaded each part of our everyday lives, furnishing our general public with more solace, wellbeing, and security and with simple data procurement and trade. The information society anyway is making its own poisonous impressions.</p>

scholarly journals Tindakan Preventif Kepolisian dalam Menanggulangi Penyalahgunaan Minuman Keras (Miras) di Wilayah Hukum Polda Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Satria Adhi Wiguna ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Laksml Dewi ◽  
Luh Putu Sury Ani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Alcohol is a stimulant because the elements it contains can rejuvenate the body, but this view is wrong because stimulants are only temporary. People who drink alcohol lack a sense of prevention or inhibition.People who drink alcohol lack a sense of prevention or inhibition. The research used in this research is a type of empirical research, where research is carried out on the real condition of the community or environment, with the aim of finding facts or existing legal problems. Seeing the obstacles faced by the police in implementing the "Alcohol Abuse Law" in the Bali police area, many factors have caused the Bali Police to face many obstacles in implementing the Anti Alcohol Abuse (Miras) Law, including internal and external factors that make Bali. Based on the background of the problems described, it can be concluded that the actions taken by the police to address alcohol abuse in the Bali Police area. Within the jurisdiction of the Polda in Bali, the obstacles faced by the police in enforcing laws regarding alcohol abuse.

scholarly journals The Awareness of Indonesian Students Toward Autonomous Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Dony Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Autonomous Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
The Real ◽  
On Line

This writing reports the finding of a quantitative study which sought to find out the awareness of Indonesian  students toward autonomous  learning.  This was a survey to twelve Indonesian  students at their first year at Flinders  University. The survey used adapted and revised questionnaire  about autonomous  learning which was answered on-line by respondents. Survey Gizmo was utilized for this purpose. Analysis of the data by using SPSS ver. 15.0 showed that most Indonesian students from various different background  such as gender, age, hometown, occupation,  and  field of study have already aware of autonomous  learning  at almost the same level. Little different of autonomous  learning  level appeared  on the comparison  to hometowns of respondents.  Respondents from Java  had higher level of autonomous  learning than those from outside Java. Since this study involved small proportion of Indonesian  students in a specific place of Australia, similar study needs to be conducted with wider scope to find out the real condition.

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