scholarly journals The influence of heat stress on energy metabolism in Simmental dairy cows during the periparturient period

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Romana Turk ◽  
◽  
Nikola Rošić ◽  
Silvijo Vince ◽  
Sonja Perkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Periparturient Period

scholarly journals Hepatic Cystathionine β-Synthase Activity is Increased by Greater Post-ruminal Supply of Methionine During the Periparturient Period in Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Vailati-Riboni ◽  
Fernanda Batistel ◽  
Rainie R C S Yambao ◽  
Claudia Parys ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fumarate Hydratase ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

Abstract Background Post-ruminal supply of Met during the periparturient period enhances production efficiency (feed conversion to milk) in dairy cows partly through alleviation of oxidant and inflammatory status. Whether alterations in hepatic one-carbon (major contributor of antioxidants) and/or energy-metabolism contribute to these beneficial effects is unknown. Objectives Investigate alterations in hepatic one-carbon and energy metabolism and associations with plasma amino acids (AA) and production efficiency in response to enhanced post-ruminal supply of Met. Methods Holstein cows (n = 30/group) were fed during the last 28 days of pregnancy a control diet (CON) or the control plus ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected methionine (MET; 0.9 g·kg−1 of dry matter intake). Plasma (n = 15/group) and liver tissue (n = 10/group) were collected throughout the periparturient period to evaluate AA profiles, activity of TCA cycle, and one-carbon metabolism via mRNA abundance, enzyme activity, and targeted metabolomics. Results Cows in MET had greater overall (27%, P = 0.027) plasma Met concentrations, but had similar total plasma AA concentrations. Although mRNA abundance of one-carbon metabolism enzymes did not differ, hepatic activity of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) (51.2 vs. 44.4 mmol·h−1·mg−1 protein; P = 0.032) and concentration (19%, P = 0.048) of the cellular antioxidant glutathione were greater overall in MET. mRNA abundance of aconitase 2 and fumarate hydratase was greater overall (P = 0.049), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 tended (P = 0.093) to be greater overall in cows fed MET. There was a tendency (P ≤ 0.093) for greater overall hepatic concentrations of malic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and isocitric acid in cows fed MET. Conclusions Greater activity of CBS in response to enhanced post-ruminal supply of Met likely contributes to alleviating oxidant status by increasing concentrations of glutathione. Hence, transsulfuration plays an important role in the observed improvements in production efficiency of dairy cows during the periparturient period.

scholarly journals Investigation of omentin-1 and metabolic parameters in periparturient cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 2733
Author(s):  
S AYGORMEZ ◽  
E ATAKISI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Periparturient Cows

We aimed to determine the level of omentin-1 hormone and other in periparturient period of dairy cows. It was also aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between omentin-1, glucose, Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Blood samples were taken a month before parturition (PreP30), two weeks before parturition (PreP14), at parturition (P), two weeks after parturition (PostP14) and a month after parturition (PostP30). Concentrations of serum omentin-1 at P, serum glucose at P, PostP14, and PostP30, serum NEFA at P, serum TG PreP30 and PreP14, and serum BHB at P were statistically significantly higher than at other times. A positive correlation was observed between omentin-1 and glucose, NEFA and BHB, glucose and NEFA and BHB, and NEFA and BHB. A negative correlation was found between TG and omentin-1, glucose, NEFA and BHB. In conclusion, findings of the present study shows that omentin-1 may play an important role in the periparturient period. A positive correlation of omentin-1 with energy fuels NEFA, glucose, and BHB suggests that omentin-1 plays a role in energy metabolism like other adipokines. The fact that omentin-1 levels increase during delivery, when the fetus needs energy most, supports this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

Effects of dry period length on milk yield and content and metabolic status of high-producing dairy cows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boustan ◽  
V. Vahedi ◽  
M. Abdi Farab ◽  
H. Karami ◽  
R. Seyedsharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Dry Period

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Early Detection of Heat Strain in Dairy Cows Using Animal-Based Indicators: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Hang Shu ◽  
Wensheng Wang ◽  
Leifeng Guo ◽  
Jérôme Bindelle
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Real Time Measurement

In pursuit of precision livestock farming, the real-time measurement for heat strain-related data has been more and more valued. Efforts have been made recently to use more sensitive physiological indicators with the hope to better inform decision-making in heat abatement in dairy farms. To get an insight into the early detection of heat strain in dairy cows, the present review focuses on the recent efforts developing early detection methods of heat strain in dairy cows based on body temperatures and respiratory dynamics. For every candidate animal-based indicator, state-of-the-art measurement methods and existing thresholds were summarized. Body surface temperature and respiration rate were concluded to be the best early indicators of heat strain due to their high feasibility of measurement and sensitivity to heat stress. Future studies should customize heat strain thresholds according to different internal and external factors that have an impact on the sensitivity to heat stress. Wearable devices are most promising to achieve real-time measurement in practical dairy farms. Combined with internet of things technologies, a comprehensive strategy based on both animal- and environment-based indicators is expected to increase the precision of early detection of heat strain in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Geongangbuja-Tang Decoction and Its Active Ingredient, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Exerts Inhibitory Effects on Heat Stress-Induced Inflammation in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6902
Author(s):  
Eugene Huh ◽  
Wonil Lee ◽  
Yujin Choi ◽  
Tae Hee Lee ◽  
Myung Sook Oh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Heat stress induces the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, influences biological responses, and reduces energy metabolism. Geongangbuja-tang (GBT) and its components, Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZOR) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (ALRP) have been used to induce energy metabolism; however, the effects of GBT and its ingredients on heat-induced inflammatory responses have not yet been investigated. In this study, we performed an open-field test to evaluate locomotor activity in mice. To assess the effects of GBT and its ingredients on inflammation, the protein levels of c-fos, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cortisol were measured in the mouse hypothalamus and serum. The results showed that GBT alleviated locomotive activity and reduced c-fos levels in a dose-dependent manner under the heat exposure. After investigating the active constituent of GBT, we found that compared to GBT and ZOR, ALRP significantly suppressed c-fos expression under heat stress. Subsequently, ALRP decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-9 and -13 and prostaglandin, under the heat stress in the mouse hypothalamus. Moreover, treatment with ALRP inhibited cortisol secretion in the mouse serum following heat exposure. These results indicate that GBT and its active component, ALRP, could be the thermoregulatory agents that regulate the HPA axis.

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