scholarly journals PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS AND NEUROHORMONAL REGULATION OF METABOLISM IN LONG-TERM PERIOD OF ISOLATION IN HYPERCAPNIC ATMOSPHERE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Nichiporuk ◽  
◽  
O.A. Zhuravlyova ◽  
S.A. Chistokhodova ◽  
A.A. Markin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Psychophysiological Status

scholarly journals How Epigenetic Modifications Drive the Expression and Mediate the Action of PGC-1α in the Regulation of Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Krämer ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epigenetic changes are a hallmark of short- and long-term transcriptional regulation, and hence instrumental in the control of cellular identity and plasticity. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to changes in chromatin structure, accessibility for recruitment of transcriptional complexes, and interaction of enhancers and promoters all contribute to acute and chronic adaptations of cells, tissues and organs to internal and external perturbations. Similarly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is activated by stimuli that alter the cellular energetic demand, and subsequently controls complex transcriptional networks responsible for cellular plasticity. It thus is of no surprise that PGC-1α is under the control of epigenetic mechanisms, and constitutes a mediator of epigenetic changes in various tissues and contexts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between epigenetics and PGC-1α in health and disease.

scholarly journals Ongoing resolution of duplicate gene functions shapes the diversification of a metabolic network

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Christina Kuang ◽  
Paul D Hutchins ◽  
Jason D Russell ◽  
Joshua J Coon ◽  
Chris Todd Hittinger
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Strategies

The evolutionary mechanisms leading to duplicate gene retention are well understood, but the long-term impacts of paralog differentiation on the regulation of metabolism remain underappreciated. Here we experimentally dissect the functions of two pairs of ancient paralogs of the GALactose sugar utilization network in two yeast species. We show that the Saccharomyces uvarum network is more active, even as over-induction is prevented by a second co-repressor that the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks. Surprisingly, removal of this repression system leads to a strong growth arrest, likely due to overly rapid galactose catabolism and metabolic overload. Alternative sugars, such as fructose, circumvent metabolic control systems and exacerbate this phenotype. We further show that S. cerevisiae experiences homologous metabolic constraints that are subtler due to how the paralogs have diversified. These results show how the functional differentiation of paralogs continues to shape regulatory network architectures and metabolic strategies long after initial preservation.

scholarly journals How Epigenetic Modifications Drive the Expression and Mediate the Action of PGC-1α In the Regulation of Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Krämer ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epigenetic changes are a hallmark of short- and long-term transcriptional regulation, and hence instrumental in the control of cellular identity and plasticity. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to changes in chromatin structure, accessibility for recruitment of transcriptional complexes, and interaction of enhancers and promoters all contribute to acute and chronic adaptations of cells, tissues and organs to internal and external perturbations. Similarly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is activated by stimuli that alter the cellular energetic demand, and subsequently controls complex transcriptional networks responsible for cellular plasticity. It thus is of no surprise that PGC-1α is under the control of epigenetic mechanisms, and constitutes a mediator of epigenetic changes in various tissues and contexts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between epigenetics and PGC-1α in health and disease.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF SERVICEMEN AFTER A LONG STAY IN THE COMBAT ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
V.V. Kalnysh ◽  
◽  
O.V. Maltsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Psychophysiological State ◽  
High Level ◽  
Psychophysiological Status

The characteristics of transformation of the psychophysiological state of servicemen during a long stay in the combat zone have been studied. The psychophysiological status of servicemen, muscular strength and endurance of right and left arms were assessed. The obtained results indicate that the studied contingent was heterogeneous in its psychophysiological status and was divided into two subgroups «better» and «worse». It was found that the studied psychophysiological parameters are described by two orthogonal factors (65%) - the «activation and stress of the body» factor (38%) and the «quality of cognitive processes» factor (27%). The first factor is the most powerful, this indicates a significant role of a serviceman’s stress-resistance in the conditions of long stay in the combat zone. It was found that this factor is also the leading one in the «worse» subgroup, this to a lesser extent can prevent disorder and unpredictability of behavioral reactions of combatants. In the «better» subgroup «quality of cognitive processes» was the leading factor. It plays a significant role in the balanced activity of functional systems of the body responsible for formation of adaptive behavioral responses during long-term action of high-level stressors. The decisive rules for selection of servicemen best suited for carrying out official duties in conditions of high-risk activities have been developed.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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