FORMATION OF MALE FERTILITY IN ONTOGENESIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
S.P. Yatsyk ◽  
◽  
A.O. Tarzyan ◽  
A.A. Gusev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Antisperm Antibodies ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Prenatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Fertility Estimation

The main human species mission is fertility, which is an important point of the concept of health in general and of reproductive health in particular. Endocrinologists, obstetrician-gynaecologists, urologists and paediatricians are focused in this field of medicine. A decline in male fertility of up to 30–35% results in infertility which becomes serious concerns growing for human population. Many of the problems that lead to impaired male fertility are rooted in childhood, or rather, in prenatal ontogenesis. The penetration of vascular-bed substances into the cavity of the seminiferous tubules depends on the maturity and functional status of the structures constituting the blood-testicular barrier (BTB). A breach of BTB results in damage to the sperm epithelium and, as a consequence, in different grades of impairment of spermatogenesis. Among the diseases that predispose men to infertility varicocele predominates (up to 30%). One of the reasons for infertility is the impaired integrity of BTB when the process of spermatogenesis changes, sometimes in combination with infection, trauma, and toxic effects. Given the unfavorable prognosis of the consequences of these diseases in children, their careful and timely diagnosis is important. Fertility estimation places special emphasis on the state of BTB, which can be determined by the content of claudine-11, antisperm antibodies, inhibin B, and other markers.

scholarly journals Male reproductive health at risk due to exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: Recent research highlights

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Shilpi Singh ◽  
Shio Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals that are persistent in the environment as well as in wildlife and human body. Further, PFASs are considered as persistent organic pollutants. PFASs have been extensively used in many industrial and consumer products over the past several decades and, therefore, they are found in various environmental matrices. A large number of studies during the past decades have reported the toxic effects of these compounds on the male reproductive health including damage to the seminiferous tubules, changes in reproductive hormones level, and low sperm counts and the molecular mechanism(s) involved in such effects. In the present review, we have summarized the reproductive toxicity of some PFASs, namely, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorododecanoic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid in the male. This article briefly describes the findings on PFASs which may attract the attention of the reproductive toxicologists to examine the potential risk to the male reproductive health because of the continued contamination of the environment by these compounds.

scholarly journals Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Restored Impaired Spermatogenesis and Fertility in an AML-Chemotherapy Mice Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11157
Author(s):  
Yulia Michailov ◽  
Ali AbuMadighem ◽  
Eitan Lunenfeld ◽  
Joseph Kapelushnik ◽  
Mahmoud Huleihel
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Leukemia and treatment of male patients with anticancer therapy (aggressive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) may lead to infertility or even permanent male sterility. Their mechanisms of spermatogenesis impairment and the decrease in male fertility are not yet clear. We showed that under acute myeloid leukemia (AML) conditions, alone and in combination with cytarabine (CYT), there was significant damage in the histology of seminiferous tubules, a significant increase in apoptotic cells of the seminiferous tubules, and a reduction in spermatogonial cells (SALL and PLZF) and in meiotic (CREM) and post-meiotic (ACROSIN) cells. In addition, we showed a significant impairment in sperm parameters and fertilization rates and offspring compared to control. Our results showed a significant decrease in the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) under AML conditions, but not under cytarabine treatment compared to control. In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) alpha in whole testis homogenates in all treatment groups compared to the control. Increase in IL-1 beta level was shown under AML conditions. We identified for the first time the expression of GCSF receptor (GCSFR) in sperm cells. We showed that GCSF injection in combination with AML and cytarabine (AML + CYT + GCSF) extended the survival of mice for a week (from 6.5 weeks to 7.5 weeks) compared to (AML + CYT). Injection of GCSF to all treated groups (post hoc), showed a significant impact on mice testis weight, improved testis histology, decreased apoptosis and increased expression of pre-meiotic, meiotic and post- meiotic markers, improved sperm parameters, fertility capacity and number of offspring compared to the controls (without GCSF). GCSF significantly improved the spermatogonial niche expressed by increased the expression levels of testicular GDNF, SCF and MCSF growth factors in AML-treated mice and (AML + CYT)-treated mice compared to those groups without GCSF. Furthermore, GCSF decreased the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12, but increased the expression of IL-10 in the interstitial compartment compared to the relevant groups without GCSF. Our results show for the first time the capacity of post injection of GCSF into AML- and CYT-treated mice to improve the cellular and biomolecular mechanisms that lead to improve/restore spermatogenesis and male fertility. Thus, post injection of GCSF may assist in the development of future therapeutic strategies to preserve/restore male fertility in cancer patients, specifically in AML patients under chemotherapy treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental and Lifestyle Use of Chromium on Male Fertility: Focus on Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Pereira ◽  
Pedro F. Oliveira ◽  
Sónia Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Marco G. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Male reproductive tissues are strongly susceptible to several environmental and lifestyle stressors. In general, male reproductive health is highly sensitive to oxidative stress, which results in reversible and/or irreversible changes in testosterone-producing cells, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. Chromium compounds are widely used in the +3 and +6 valence states, as food supplements, and in the industrial field, respectively. Chromium (III) compounds, i.e., Cr(III)-tris-picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], known as chromium picolinate, are used as nutritional supplements for the control of diabetes, body weight, and muscular growth. However, previous studies showed that animal models exposed to chromium picolinate experienced degenerative changes in spermatogenesis. Contradictory results are documented in the literature and deserve discussion. Furthermore, the long-term effects of chromium picolinate on the antioxidant system of treated subjects have not been properly studied. Comprehensive studies on the role of this compound will help to establish the safe and useful use of chromium supplementation. On the other hand, chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in several industries, despite being well-known environmental pollutants (i.e., welding fumes). Chromium (VI) is known for its deleterious effects on male reproductive health as toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Previous studies have demonstrated severe lesions to mouse spermatogenesis after exposure to chromium (VI). However, workers worldwide are still exposed to hexavalent chromium, particularly in electronics and military industries. Data from the literature pinpoints mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by chromium compounds in somatic and germ cells that lead to apoptosis, thus underlining the impairment of fertility potential. In this review, we analyze the benefits and risks of chromium compounds on male fertility, as well as the mechanisms underlying (in)fertility outcomes. Although supplements with antioxidant properties may maximize male fertility, adverse effects need to be investigated and discussed.

scholarly journals Acyl-CoA synthetase 6 enriches seminiferous tubules with the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid and is required for male fertility in the mouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (39) ◽  
pp. 14394-14405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Hale ◽  
Regina F. Fernandez ◽  
Sora Q. Kim ◽  
Victoria D. Diaz ◽  
Shelley N. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules

scholarly journals Human testicular peritubular cells: more than meets the eye

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. R107-R116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Mayerhofer
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Peritubular Cells

In healthy men, several layers of inconspicuously flat cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins build the wall of the seminiferous tubules. The cells of this wall, peritubular cells, are not well characterized. They are smooth-muscle-like and contractile and transport immotile sperm, a function important for male fertility. However, their full functional importance, especially their potential contribution to the paracrine regulation of the male gonad, is unknown. In men with impaired spermatogenesis, the architecture of the tubular wall is frequently altered. Deposits of ECM and morphological changes of peritubular cells imply that functions of peritubular cells may be fundamentally altered. To be able to study human peritubular cells and their functions, a culture method was established. It is based on small biopsies of patients with obstructive azoospermia but normal spermatogenesis (human testicular peritubular cells, HTPCs) and non-obstructive azoospermia, impaired spermatogenesis, and testicular fibrosis (HTPCFs). Results obtained from cellular studies and parallel examinations of biopsies provide insights into the repertoire of the secretion products, contractile properties, and plasticity of human peritubular cells. They produce ECM components, including the proteoglycan decorin, which may influence paracrine signaling between testicular cells. They may contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell niche via secreted factors. They are regulated by mast cell and macrophage products, and in response produce factors that can fuel inflammatory changes. They possess a high degree of plasticity, which results in hypertrophy and loss of contractile abilities. The data collectively indicate important roles of inconspicuous testicular peritubular cells in human male fertility and infertility.

Environmental influences on male reproductive health

2011 ◽  
pp. 1469-1475
Author(s):  
Aleksander Giwercman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Male patients referred for infertility problems are often curious as to whether their problem may be caused by environmental influences, and thus whether their chances of becoming a father can be increased by a change in lifestyle or occupation. The present level of knowledge does not allow a definitive, evidence based recommendation to be made. Except for some very few, rather extreme, occupational (e.g. 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane; DBCP) or iatrogenic (e.g. irradiation, cytotoxic drugs) exposures known to cause temporary or even permanent sterility, it is difficult to point to specific environmental influences as definite causes of male infertility. Nevertheless, recent research has generated some interesting information regarding the possible impact of the environment on male reproductive functions (1). This research was stimulated by reports on a possible time-related decline in male fertility (2)—a question still remaining controversial. However, there is now a considerable amount of information showing that environmental and lifestyle related exposure during early fetal development is of crucial importance for reproductive health in adult life (3).

scholarly journals Functions of TAM RTKs in regulating spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Chen ◽  
Huizhen Wang ◽  
Nan Qi ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Weipeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Insight Into

Mice lacking TYRO3, AXL and MER (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are male sterile. The mechanism of TAM RTKs in regulating male fertility remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed in more detail the testicular phenotype of TAM triple mutant (TAM−/−) mice with an effort to understand the mechanism. We demonstrate that the three TAM RTKs cooperatively regulate male fertility, and MER appears to be more important than AXL and TYRO3. TAM−/− testes showed a progressive loss of germ cells from elongated spermatids to spermatogonia. Young adult TAM−/− mice exhibited oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia and various morphological malformations of sperm cells. As the mice aged, the germ cells were eventually depleted from the seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, we found that TAM−/− Sertoli cells have an impaired phagocytic activity and a large number of differentially expressed genes compared to wild-type controls. By contrast, the function of Leydig cells was not apparently affected by the mutation of TAM RTKs. Therefore, we conclude that the suboptimal function of Sertoli cells leads to the impaired spermatogenesis in TAM−/− mice. The results provide novel insight into the mechanism of TAM RTKs in regulating male fertility.

Biocentric Consequentialism and Value-Pluralism: A Response to Alan Carter

Utilitas ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN ATTFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Value Pluralism ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Species Extinctions

My theory of biocentric consequentialism is first shown not to be significantly inegalitarian, despite not advocating treating all creatures equally. I then respond to Carter's objections concerning population, species extinctions, the supposed minimax implication, endangered interests, autonomy and thought-experiments. Biocentric consequentialism is capable of supporting a sustainable human population at a level compatible with preserving most non-human species, as opposed to catastrophic population increases or catastrophic decimation. Nor is it undermined by the mere conceivable possibility of counter-intuitive implications. While Carter shows that value-pluralism need not be riddled with contradictions, his version still introduces some, and faces further problems. Thus consequentialist theories may be needed to sift our values, at least if our values are commensurable. Carter's apparent suggestion that monistic theories such as biocentric consequentialism can never be harnessed to rich theories of value and must each myopically give undue prominence to a single value is questioned.

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