scholarly journals Peculiarities of influence of non-governmental organizations on the relationship of application sanitary and phytosanitary measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
N.V. Karpinsʹka
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the role and influence of non-governmental organizations on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. The study identifies and analyzes three groups of issues, including: the issue of impact (providing access to the WTO decision-making process), the issue of justice, which is giving NGOs the right to appeal to a WTO dispute settlement body, and the issue of standards, which includes issues of setting private standards that are different or stricter  than international ones. It is noted that international non-governmental organizations are also entrusted with the important task of facilitating the settlement of trade and political disputes by involving their experts as independent experts to draw objective conclusions. Another international legal form of participation of international non-governmental organizations in the activities of the WTO is the study of the impact on development and the environment.  Taking into account the fact that there are very few procedural opportunities for non-governmental organizations to participate in trade disputes, as organizations and other individuals are deprived of the right to act as a full party to a trade dispute under the WTO procedure, the article raises the issue of legal procedure, that would enable non-governmental organizations and individuals to initiate in their country the process of submitting an application to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. Pointing to the normative unresolved issue, the option of resolving it by submitting amicus curiae applications to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body through one of the parties to the dispute is supported, the position of which is supported in the statement, which in turn would provide further clarification on the content of such a statement, which should have previously verified the accuracy of the data received from amicus curiae. It is concluded that, taking into account the crisis in the WTO in recent years, the realization of the potential of non-governmental organizations can have a positive impact on the recovery of the global trade system.

scholarly journals FNGOs and financial inclusion: Investigating the impact of microcredit on employment growth in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Yawo Atiase ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Samia Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Impact

Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that operate with a social welfare logic in the delivery of microcredit to the financially excluded in Ghana. The microcredit is aimed at supporting the financially excluded individuals to create sustainable micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the generation of both skilled and unskilled employment. From the institutional theory perspective, this study aims at investigating the impact of microcredit provided by FNGOs on employment growth among MSEs in Ghana. The major contribution of this study is the fact that, there is a little study on FNGOs and their impact on employment growth in the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this is one of the few studies that highlights the role of FNGOs in promoting financial inclusion through the provision of microcredit for employment generation purposes. Through a multiple regression analysis, the study uses primary data collected from 506 MSEs in Ghana. The results show that microcredit which is flexible in repayment mode, accessible and adequate has a positive impact on employment generation among MSEs in Ghana. However, the current cost of microcredit in Ghana has a negative impact on employment growth among MSEs.

scholarly journals THE SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE WTO: HOW TO AVOID JUDICIAL ACTIVISM

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorand Bartels
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
The Public ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

As with other legal systems based on a separation of powers, the World Trade Organization is marked by a degree of tension between its political organs and its quasi-judicial organs, in particular the Appellate Body. In late 2000 this tension spilled out into the public domain, when the Appellate Body announced a procedure for the filing ofamicus curiaebriefs in theEC-Asbestoscase.1The question of public participation in WTO dispute settlement proceedings is sensitive to many WTO Members, and in expressly encouraging the submission ofamicusbriefs in this way the Appellate Body was felt to be overstepping its functions.2In the end, this dispute settled with a draw, the Appellate Body deciding that it had no need to consider any of theamicusbriefs submitted in that particular case, and yet still maintaining that panels and the Appellate Body have the right to take unsolicitedamicusbriefs into account, should they so choose.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AS A KEY DETERMINANT OF SUPERIOR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS PERFORMANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aboramadan ◽  
Elio Borgonovi
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Impact

Based on a review of prior studies, this research seeks to enrich the management literature by examining and empirically testing the impact of each of the strategic management practices (environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation-monitoring) on financial and non-financial performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). A questionnaire was developed and validated to measure strategic management practices and NGOs financial and non-financial performance. Questionnaires were distributed to projects coordinators, programs officers and administration officers of seventy-nine international NGOs operating in the Palestinian Territories. 237 questionnaires were distributed and 160 questionnaires were returned and were usable for statistical analysis. The research results demonstrates that strategic management practices have positive impact not only on financial performance but on non-financial performance of these organizations. Moreover, the research recommends that NGOs rely on strategic management as a means to achieve high performance. Key words: financial performance, Non-Governmental Organizations, non-financial performance, strategic management practices.

Challenges to immigrant associations and NGOs in contemporary Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos G. Papadopoulos ◽  
Christos Chalkias ◽  
Loukia-Maria Fratsea
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Concentration Patterns

The paper explores the challenges faced today, in a context of severe economic crisis, by immigrant associations (ΙΜΑs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Greece. The data analysed here was collected between October 2009 and February 2010 and incorporates references to all recorded migration-related social actors operating in Greece. The paper takes into account such indicators as legal form, objectives, financial capacity and geographical range of activity, concluding with a typology of civil society actors dealing with migration issues. This study aims at informing the migration policymaking and migrant integration processes. By a spatial hot-spot clustering of IMAs and NGOs, we also illustrate the concentration patterns of civil society actors in Greece.

Exhibition and Trade Fair Activity and Economic Crises: response measures and factors for recovery

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
A.A. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Trade Fair ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exhibition Industry

The paper represents the analysis of the impact on the exhibition and trade fair activity of the Russian Federation during crisis situations caused by external factors. The author examined the major anticrisis measures, industry statistics and the main trends in the postcrisis phase. The fundamental role of the exhibition industry as a tool is caused by stimulation of economic sectors recovery from the crisis due to the multiplier effect. The particular relevance of the article is justified by a comprehensive study of the state of the industry during the current crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The author provides an overview of main government support measures for the industry and explains factors that have reduced some of these measures. Also, the author examined in detail activities of non-governmental organizations and associations of the exhibition industry in lobbying for the provision of state support and educational and legal assistance to Russian exhibition companies. Thus, the importance of coordinating activities of all participants in the exhibition industry and, in particular, further consolidation of interaction at the level of industry associations, becomes apparent. Besides, the author suggests a number of measures, such as highlighting exhibitions, trade fairs and congresses from the list of mass events following the example of Germany, introducing insurability for exhibition organizers in case of postponement or cancellation of events due to emergency circumstances, standardizing public health and hygiene rules. Their practical application should mitigate the way out of the current situation.

NGOs for International Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjersti Lohne
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oriented Approach

Kjersti Lohne describes the impact of non-governmental organizations at the International Criminal Court (ICC), in particular discussing the relative lack of regard for defendants’ rights, and especially highlighting the difficulties encountered by those acquitted. After the Coalition for the International Criminal Court contributed to the establishment of the ICC itself in the fight against impunity for international crimes, that Coalition has continued a victim-oriented approach, arguably at the expense of defendants’ rights. The ICC’s focus on victims, ‘truth’, and ‘memory’ may challenge the legitimacy of the Court in the longer run.

European Communities —Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products. WT/DS291/R, WT/DS292/R, & WT/DS293/R

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Daniel Bodansky ◽  
Simon Lester
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Biotech Products

European Communities—Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products. WT/DS291/R, WT/DS292/R, & WT/DS293/R. At <http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_status_e.htm>.World Trade Organization Panel, September 29, 2006 (adopted November 21, 2006).In what was by far the longest panel report in the World Trade Organization’s history, a WTO panel ruled last September that various parts of the European Communities’ regulatory regime for the approval and marketing of “biotech products” (that is, products that contain, or are made from or with, genetically modified organisms (GMOs)) violated the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). The panel report was not appealed and was adopted by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body on November 21, 2006.In recent years, a heated international debate has developed regarding the production and consumption of food made from or with GMOs. Among the key players in this debate, the United States, supported by many companies who have developed GMO-based products, has pushed for their acceptance; by contrast, the European Communities (EC) and its member states, backed by consumer groups and other activists, have tried to restrict their use through various regulations.

FAKTOR PENANGULANGAN TERJADINYA WASTE PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI SURABAYA

EXTRAPOLASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michella Beatrix ◽  
Nurul Rochmah ◽  
Gede Sarya ◽  
Pebru Dwijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Warehouse Storage ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Requirements

AbstractLarge and small scale construction projects have waste that cannot be predicted in advance, even the amount cannot be predicted directly, whether it is in large or small amounts. The existence of waste can have a significant impact that can affect construction costs. Waste can have both negative and positive impacts. Good waste management will have a positive impact on the company in terms of cost, even time, and quality, but if the waste that occurs cannot be handled or managed properly it will harm the company in terms of cost, time, and even in terms of quality. In this case, the party that always gets the impact of the waste is the contractor.This study focuses on mitigating the occurrence of waste that is how to minimize it. Thisstudy uses the distribution of questionnaires to the contractor in Surabaya. The results of this study are 5 item indicators on how to minimize the highest ranking. The 5 items are Updating material requirements, Mixing, transporting, and placing concrete at the right time, Increasing the competence and expertise of labor, Provision of good and adequate material/warehouse storage facilities, and accurate material measurement.  Abstrak Proyek konstruksi dalam skala besar maupun kecil, memiliki waste yang tidak dapat diprediksi sebelumnya, bahkan jumlahnya pun tidak dapat diprediksi secara langsung, apakah itu dalam jumlah besar ataupun jumlah yang kecil. Adanya waste dapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan yang dapat mempengaruhi biaya konstruksi. Pada dasarnya waste dapat memberikan dampak negatif maupun positif. Pengelolaan waste yang baik akan memberikan dampak positif bagi perusahaan dalam segi biaya, bahkan waktu dan mutu, namun apabila waste yang terjadi tidak dapat diatasi atau dikelola dengan baik maka akan memberikan dampak negatif bagi perusahaan dalam segi biaya, waktu bahkan dalam hal mutu. Dalam hal ini pihak yang selalu mendapatkan dampak dari adanya waste adalah pihak kontraktorPenelitian ini memfokuskan pada faktor penanggulangan terjadinya waste yaitu cara meminimalisirnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penyebaran kuisioner kepada pihak kontraktor di Surabaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 5 item indicator cara meminimalisir yang memiliki ranking tertinggi. 5 item tersebut adalah Updating kebutuhan material, Mencampur, mengangkut dan menempatkan beton pada waktu yang tepat, Meningkatkan kompetensi dan keahlian tenaga kerja, Penyediaan fasilitas penyimpanan material/gudang yang baik dan memadai, dan Pengukuran bahan yang akurat.

scholarly journals Project Management in Development Cooperation. Non-Governmental Organizations

Innovar ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (56) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela I. Montes-Guerra ◽  
Aida R. De-Miguel ◽  
M. Amaya Pérez-Ezcurdia ◽  
Faustino N. Gimena ◽  
H. Mauricio Díez-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Applicable Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This article analyzes the adoption of project management practices in development cooperation NGOs and their influence on project performance. This paper illustrates the impact in the implementation of methodologies, techniques and tools on outcomes, measured by success criteria of several projects recently implemented. Information from the project managers of the organizations was collected, and complemented by a literature review. We analyzed the correlation among the variables that determine the adoption of a project, and the criteria that determine its success. The positive effect of project management adoption in the performance of cooperation projects is demonstrated, in spite of the low use of methodologies, techniques and tools within the sector. The article shows the importance of project management in cooperation and aid projects, with the purpose of increasing researchers' awareness about the field as applicable knowledge and about the benefits of its use in the sector. The paper shows that project management can improve project efficiency and accountability in other sectors.

scholarly journals Foreign Policy of Hungary Towards Ukraine or “European Menu à la Carte”

2018 ◽  
pp. 603-612
Author(s):  
Serhii Esaulov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Right ◽  
Expert Community

The author raises the issue of settling conflicts around the world and discusses modern attempts to establish law and order. Particular attention is paid to the intricate relations between Hungary and Ukraine. With Russia’s aggression against Ukraine there was ruined a system of international relations, which provided for the rule of law, the right to settle disputes without applying military tools, force or threats. Russia initiated a new precedent of impunity, insolent violation of the fundamental norms of international law, and demonstrated the world how the borders may be redrawn as one sees fit and “bring historical justice”. The author notes that one of the reasons for the escalation of the conflict between Hungary and Ukraine has become the language issue. Still, however pity it is, all attempts of the Ukrainian side to resolve conflict matters have appeared to be vane, since Budapest is reluctant to listen to and consider any arguments of Kyiv, being fully distracted by its demand. It is hard to imagine that in civilized “old” Europe, Germany, for instance, would express claims or even threaten France for the fact that pupils in schools of the French region of Alsace (until 1918, its territory formed part of Germany that attempted to annex it at times of the Second World War) are taught in the official language – French, not in the language of the neighbouring country, even though the Alsatian and German languages are equally spoken there. Unfortunately, Hungary seems not to be ready to follow the example of the Franco-German reconciliation in terms of relations with all neighbours, despite the philosophy of its membership in the EU and NATO. The revenge-seeking attitudes of the Hungarian political establishment regarding the revision of borders according to the Versailles and Yalta systems of international relations are constantly boosted in all directions in the neighbouring countries, where ethnic Hungarians live (Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine). The so-called “formula of protecting interests of Russian citizens in Crimea and Donbas” adopted from Putin has apparently laid the foundation for the foreign policy strategy of V. Orban. First, as regards the appeal to make the region of ethnic Hungarians’ residence autonomous and subsequently – the appeal to hold a referendum on separation. The author summarizes that along with the political and diplomatic efforts, a substantial role in easing the tension in relations with Budapest should be played by non-governmental organizations and the expert community though holding forums and scientific conferences aiming at discussing the above-mentioned issues. Keywords: Hungary, conflict, Law on Language, geopolitics, strategies, foreign policy, Ukraine.

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