scholarly journals Pretreatment and Bioprocess Trials in Various Reactor System on Lignocellulosic Biomass for Cellulosic Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Amizon Azizan ◽  
◽  
Nur Amira Aida Jusri ◽  
Intan Suhada Azmi ◽  
Rosmaria Abu Darim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Agriculture Residues ◽  
Cylindrical Reactor ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
System Mode

Pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass prior to extraction of biomaterials, degradation of bioproduct, or production of biomaterial/bioproduct/biofuel, crucially influences the intended outcomes. The pretreatment of oil palm fronds (OPF), one of the most abundant agriculture residues in Malaysia, can be conducted based on the need of the methodology, either for small, lab, pilot, or industrial scales. In this article, examples of reactors for the pretreatment for instance microreactor (Bioshake iQ), conical shake flask, and mini-cylindrical reactor scale (fabricated) as well as the monitoring bioreactor (BlueSens Monitoring GmbH) reactor system dedicated for fermentation process using the outcome material from pretreatment process, are presented. All pretreatment trials with ionic liquid (IL) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM]Ac on OPF were conducted with a scaling-up strategy from micro-to-macro to fabricated reactors, monitoring Crystallinity Index (CrI) and Lateral Order Index (LOI). Electron beam irradiation pretreatment using 1000kGy was also tested in macroscale mode for CrI and LOI. Effectiveness of approximately 23 to 37% of CrI via microreactor experiments using 50, 70, and 90% v/v of [EMIM]Ac and at a temperature of 99oC was observed. Higher concentration of IL and temperature with nearly insignificance of solid loading of OPF in reaction liquid to the increase of the amorphous level of OPF was reported by macroscale mode in the 570-mL fabricated reactor. A short oxygen uptake rate (OUR) phase was observed in a 500-mL BlueSens shake flask with the real-time monitoring systems for 45-mL working volume, a nearly 10% of the total reactor volume for saccharification-fermentation using Escherichia coli K011 ATCC 55124 on approximately 2.22% w/v pretreated OPF from macroscale mode. Various data examples from these micro-to-macro scales including in a fabricated reactor system mode are crucially needed for further observations prior to pilot or industrial scales, needing a systematic data collection to be simulated and investigated in the future.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation and Ionic Liquid Combined Pretreatment Method on Various Lignocellulosic Biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Aida Jusri ◽  
Amizon Azizan ◽  
Zuqhair Sherry Zalman Zain ◽  
Abd Mohd Faizal Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Palm Frond

The objective of this study was to characterize the performance of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to assess its use as a potential bioethanol or biofuels through pretreatment process. The pretreatment process was performed to remove crystalline structural of biomasses in order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this work, combined electron beam irradiation and ionic liquid method was used as the pretreatment process for various LCBs such as Gigantochloa albociliata (GA), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), oil palm frond (OPF), acacia and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as reference. Irradiation dose was measured through electron beam accelerator over a range of 100-1000 kGy. Ionic liquid (IL) is known as green solvent that can dissolve cellulose. 50% v/v 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) IL was employed to enhance the effect of irradiation in pretreatment process. The LCBs was analyzed by using two method; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR result shows different pattern of spectra and peak for each condition. Lateral order index (LOI) based on Beer’s Law was also calculated to determine the changes in structure order after pretretament. For XRD results, the crystallinity index (CrI) of pretreated LCBs was calculated by using Segal’s Equation in order to determine the pattern based on different conditions. The highest percentage of effectiveness showed by pretreated Acacia as the values of LOI and CrI is the lowest compared to other LCBs which is 41.77% and 25.21%, respectively.

scholarly journals Temperature, Solid Loading and Time Effects on Recovery of Sugar from OPEFB

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Meilany ◽  
MTAP Kresnowati ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Glucose Recovery ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Component

Biorefinery industry used lignocellulosic biomass as the raw material. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is one of Indonesian potential lignocellulosic biomass, which consists of hemicellulose with xylan as the main component. Xylitol production via fermentation could use this xylan since it can be converted into xylose. However, the structure of OPEFB is such that hemicellulose is protected in a way that will hinder hydrolysis enzyme to access it. Considering that hemicellulose is more susceptible to heat than cellulose, a hydrothermal process was applied to pre-treat OPEFB before it was hydrolyzed enzymatically. The aim of the research is to map the effect of temperature, solid loading and time of pre-treatment process to obtain and recover as much as possible accessible hemicellulose from OPEFB. The results showed that temperature gave more significant effect than time and solid loading for glucose recovery of OPEFB residues. While xylose recovery varies greatly with temperature, but solid loading and time gave less significant effect.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate for Its Eventual Valorization by Anaerobic Digestion

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Jose D. Marin-Batista ◽  
Angel F. Mohedano ◽  
Angeles de la Rubia
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity

This study assessed the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]) as a pretreatment to increase the methane yield. The pretreatment was conducted for wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), and grape stem (GS) at 120 °C for 120 min, using several LB to [Emim][Ac] ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 1:5 w/w). Pretreatment significantly disrupted the lignocellulose matrix of each biomass into soluble sugars. GS showed the highest sugar yield, which was followed by WS, while BS was slightly hydrolyzed (175.3 ± 2.3, 158.2 ± 5.2, and 51.1 ± 3.1 mg glucose g–1 biomass, respectively). Likewise, the pretreatment significantly reduced the cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) of the resulting solid fractions of GS and WS by 15% and 9%, respectively, but slightly affected the CrI of BS (5%). Thus, BMP tests were only carried out for raw and hydrothermally and [Emim][Ac] (1:5) pretreated GS and WS. The untreated GS and WS showed similar methane yields to those achieved for the solid fraction obtained after pretreatment with an LB to [Emim][Ac] ratio of 1:5 (219 ± 10 and 368 ± 1 mL CH4 g–1 VS, respectively). The methane production of the solid plus liquid fraction obtained after IL pretreatment increased by 1.61- and 1.34-fold compared to the raw GS and WS, respectively.

scholarly journals The effect of A. Fumigatus SK1 and trichoderma sp. on the biogas production from cow manure

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfah Zulkifli ◽  
Nazaitulshila Rasit ◽  
Noor Azrimi Umor ◽  
Shahrul Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Pre Treatment

Lignocellulosic material consists of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Converting lignocellulosic biomass such as cow manure (CM) into value-added products provides a potential alternative. Hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose is a limiting step during Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin in lignocellulosic biomass is the barrier for hydrolysis, thus limits the biogas production. In this study, the effect of A.Fumigatus SK1 and Trichoderma sp. on enzymatic pre-treatment of CM was investigated with respect to the biogas production. Three set of anaerobic digestion assays were carried out, with a working volume of 500 mL at 35 ± 2°C and 120 rpm. The first set of fermentation contained untreated CM. The second set of fermentation involved addition of A.Fumigatus SK1, and the last set contained Trichoderma sp. Several analysis were conducted to determine the biomethane potential (BMP), anaerobic biodegradability, reducing sugars concentration and lignin removal of CM before and after pre-treatment. Result showed that, among both evaluated pre-treatment methods, CM treated with Trichoderma sp. gave the highest methane potential with 0.023 LCH4-STP g VS-1 compared to CM treated with A.Fumigatus SK1(0.011 LCH4-STP g VS-1). A good correlation have been found in this study between lignin removal and reducing sugar produced where, the total lignin removal after treated with Trichoderma sp. was 60% followed by 43% after treated with A.Fumigatus SK1.The reducing sugar produced after pre-treated with Trichoderma sp. and A.Fumigatus SK1 was about 9.59 and 4.91 μmol glucose, respectively. These results collectively suggested that CM treated with Trichoderma sp. could be a better pre-treatment method for the higher methane production in anaerobic mono-digestion process.

scholarly journals Optimization of Xylose Recovery in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Meilany ◽  
Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi ◽  
Raj Boopathy
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Sugar Recovery ◽  
Xylitol Production ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pretreatment Time

The hardest obstacle to make use of lignocellulosic biomass by using green technology is the existence of lignin. It can hinder enzyme reactions with cellulose or hemicellulose as a substrate. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) consist of hemicellulose with xylan as the main component. Xylitol production via fermentation could use this xylan since it can be converted into xylose. Several pretreatment processes were explored to increase sugar recovery from lignocellulosic biomass. Considering that hemicellulose is more susceptible to heat than cellulose, the hydrothermal process was applied to OPEFB before it was hydrolyzed enzymatically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, solid loading, and pretreatment time on the OPEFB hydrothermal process. The xylose concentration in OPEFB hydrolysate was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that temperature was more important than pretreatment time and solid loading for OPEFB sugar recovery. The optimum temperature, solid loading, and pretreatment time for maximum xylose recovery from pretreated OPEFB were 165 °C, 7%, and 60 min, respectively, giving a xylose recovery of 0.061 g/g of pretreated OPEFB (35% of OPEFB xylan was recovered).

scholarly journals One-step peracetic acid pretreatment of hardwood and softwood biomass for platform chemicals production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Kundu ◽  
Shanthi Priya Samudrala ◽  
Mahmud Arman Kibria ◽  
Sankar Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Effective Removal

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is an attractive renewable resource to produce biofuel or platform chemicals. Efficient and cost-effective conversion systems of lignocellulosic biomass depend on their appropriate pretreatment processes. Alkali or dilute acid pretreatment of biomass requires a high temperature (> 150 °C) to remove xylan (hemicellulosic sugar) and lignin partially. In this study, peracetic acid was used to pretreat biomass feedstocks, including hardwood and softwood species. It was found that the thermally-assisted dilute acid pretreatment of biomass conducted under the mild temperature of 90 °C up to 5 h resulted in the effective removal of lignin from the biomass with a negligible loss of carbohydrates. This thermally-assisted pretreatment achieved 90% of delignification, and this result was compared with the microwave-assisted pretreatment method. In addition, the crystallinity index (CrI), surface morphology, and chemical structure were significantly changed after the acid pretreatment. The biomass digestibility increased significantly with increased reaction time, by 32% and 23% for hardwood and softwood, respectively. From this study, it is clear that peracetic acid pretreatment is an effective method to enrich glucan content in biomass by delignification.

scholarly journals Continuous enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a membrane-reactor system

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2181-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J Stickel ◽  
Birendra Adhikari ◽  
David A Sievers ◽  
John Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Reactor System ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Optimization of rice straw pretreatment with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate by the response surface method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Poy ◽  
Estela Lladosa ◽  
Carmen Gabaldón ◽  
Sonia Loras
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Response Surface Method ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Surface Method

AbstractRice straw (RS) is a promising feedstock for transformation into biofuels and bioproducts due to its high sugar content and worldwide availability. However, a pretreatment step is necessary in order to disrupt the RS complex lignocellulosic matrix. The aim of this work was to study RS pretreatment with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) to maximize the enzymatic hydrolysis yield. For this purpose, a response surface method (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was used, with temperature (53–137 °C), time (0.3–6.2 h), and solid loading (3.3–11.7% dry weight) as process variables. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results suggested that temperature was the most significant factor affecting the fermentable sugar yield of [Emim][OAc]-pretreated RS samples. The selected conditions for this pretreatment were 120 °C, 5 h, and 5% (w/w), obtaining 29.8 g/L of potentially fermentable sugars. In these conditions, maximum delignification was achieved (64.9%) as well as maximum reduction of the crystallinity index (62.2%), as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to confirm the RS amorphous structure after the pretreatment with [Emim][OAc] and showed that it had a more disordered and accessible structure.

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