scholarly journals THE SENSE OF TEACHER BELONGING AS A PREMISE FOR SUCCESS OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM: METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Mariia Kanibolotska
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Personal Interests

The problems of management of educational reforms in the context of world practices have been analyzed. Based on the study of international experience, the premises for the successful implementation of educational reforms have been identified: decentralization and autonomy of schools; effective leadership of administrators as a factor in stimulating innovative changes among the pedagogical community; gradual steps of the reforms; well-established communication and high degree of trust between all stakeholders; consensus-based participation, as well as openness to communication and tolerant exchange of views; the subjective sense of belonging of the participants at all stages of educational reform. Based on the results of the analysis of modern scientific knowledge, it has been established that individuals who feel involved into the community tend to go beyond personal interests for the group goals and implement socially significant tasks. There have been identified approaches to the under-standing of the sense of teachers` belonging. It has been also stated that the consolidation of opinions at the level of collective interests and values, as well as a positive affective background contribute to the formation and high manifestation of the sense of belonging. The levels of teachers` belonging in the context of educational reforms have been identified through the questionnaire. There has been established a link between teachers' sense of belonging and their willingness to implement competency-based approach into learning.

scholarly journals Neoliberalismus, Bildungsreform, Halbbildung (Neoliberalism, Educational Reform, Semiformation)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3989088
Author(s):  
Andreas Gruschka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Theodor Adorno

This essay takes up the concept of Halbbildung (semiformation), which had been used by Theodor Adorno in 1959 in the article "Theory of Semiformation". Such a concept, although current and widely used in Brazil, would need to be used with due care, above all, because in times of Neoliberalism and successive educational reforms, it would be appropriate to say that we live more in a context of generalized socialization of pseudocompetencies than semiformation.ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz greift das Konzept der Halbbildung auf, das Theodor Adorno 1959 im Artikel "Theorie der Halbbildung" verwendet hatte. Obwohl ein solches Konzept in Brasilien gegenwärtig und weit verbreitet ist, müsste es mit der gebotenen Sorgfalt angewendet werden, vor allem, weil es in Zeiten des Neoliberalismus und sukzessiver Bildungsreformen angebracht wäre zu sagen, dass wir mehr in einem Kontext der allgemeinen Sozialisierung von Pseudokompetenzen als Halbbildung leben.ResumoEsse ensaio retoma o conceito de Halbbildung (semiformação), que fora utilizado por Theodor Adorno em 1959 no artigo "Teoria da Semiformação". Tal conceito, apesar de atual e muito utilizado no Brasil, precisaria ser empregado com o devido cuidado, sobretudo, porque em tempos de Neoliberalismo e de sucessivas reformas educacionais, seria mais apropriado dizer que vivemos mais em um contexto de socialização generalizada das pseudocompetências, do que da semiformação.Palavras-chave: Semiformação, Neoliberalismo, Educação, Pseudocompetências.Keywords: Semiformation, Neoliberalism, Education, Pseudocompetence.Schlüsselwörter: Halbbildung, Neoliberalismus, Bildung, Pseudokompetenz.ReferencesADORNO, Theodor W. Theorie der Halbbildung. Schriften 8, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1972.ADORNO, Theodor W. Erziehung zur Mündigkeit. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1970;HEYDORN, H. J. Über den Widerspruch in Bildung und Herrschaft. Frankfurt: Bildungstheoretische Schriften, 1970.HUMBOLDT, W. von. Theorie der Bildung des Menschen in: Werke Band I. Darmstadt, 1960.KERSCHENSTEINER, G. Berufs oder Allgemeinbildung? In: Berufsbildung und Berufsschule Band I, Paderborn, 1966.PAULSEN, F. Bildung in Pädagogische Korrespondenz - Heft 9, 1991.TISCHER, M. Veraltet di Halbbildung? In: Pädagogische Korrespondenz - Heft 11, 1992.e3989088 

scholarly journals The implementation of tuberculosis examination of potential employment migrants in the country of departure: evaluation of possibilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Boris I. Sergeev ◽  
I. E. Kazanets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Reliability Of Results ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Preventive Examination

The migration situation in Russia is characterized by presence of significant number of foreign citizens, including those who are working without official registration and evidence of examination for tuberculosis and other infections. In connection with that, attention is to be paid to propositions concerning organization of preventive examination for tuberculosis in the departure country i.e. medical examination of potential migrants according Russian standards on the basis of local medical institutions. The article presents review of data of official statistics concerning migration and prevalence of tuberculosis including scientific publications about analysis of international experience of organization and implementation of preventive examinations in the departure countries. The experience of implementation of medical examinations of migrants in number of departure countries demonstrates that these programs permit focusing efforts on diagnostic of tuberculosis in one of risk groups hence achieving comparatively high degree of reliability of results and providing economic significance. In the context of conditions in Russia and accounting international experience two scenarios are proposed of implementing preventive examinations for tuberculosis in departure countries: with and without introduction of requirement of preliminary medical inspection of working migrants.

scholarly journals Seeing Near and Far: Balancing Stakeholder Needs and Rights in Kazakhstan’s Educational Reform

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazira Asanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Education System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
Société Civile ◽  
Stakeholder Needs

This paper examines the schooling reform in the post-socialist transformation of Kazakhstan. Adopting a rights-based approach to education, it looks at the ways in which the current education system addresses (or fails to address) the rights and needs of various stakeholders in the society, including teachers, learners, parents, civil society, and policymakers. Two recent large-scale educational reforms form the focus of the paper: a national standardized assessment and a transition from 11 to 12 years of schooling. Implications of the current reform initiatives for Kazakhstan’s development are also discussed, pointing to lessons for understanding schooling and social change in post-socialist transformation. Cet article examine la réforme scolaire pendant la période de transformation post-socialiste du Kazakhstan. En adoptant une approche basée sur les droits de l'éducation, l'auteur considère les méthodes que l'actuel système d'éducation emploie pour répondre (ou ne pas répondre) aux droits et aux besoins des parties prenantes de la société, y compris, les enseignants, les apprenants, les parents, la société civile, et les responsables de politique. Cet article met au point le deux récentes réformes scolaires à grande envergure: la standardisation de l'évaluation nationale et l'ajout d'une année en plus à l'ancien système scolaire de 11 années. L'auteur y examine aussi les répercussions des initiatives de la réforme actuelle pour le développement du Kazakhstan, et suggère les leçons qui pourront nous faire comprendre l'éducation et le changement de la société dans la transformation post-socialiste.

Educational Reform

2019 ◽  
pp. 414-430
Author(s):  
Joseph Ezale Cobbinah ◽  
Michael Yamoah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Education Delivery

This chapter aims at examining the nature of educational reforms in general, access how they impact on the lives of the citizens, and identify some of the global perspectives of educational reforms. It examines how education could be reformed to make it equitable, address inequality and social injustice that still persists in our society. Educational programs in many parts of the world continue to undergo reformation due to governments' policy changes or ideology, yet so many people seem not to be satisfied with the nature of education delivery. The chapter concludes that educational reform should not only aim at introducing just new courses, restructure the curriculum per se but should aim at ensuring that it equips the citizenry to make them develop entrepreneurial skills, be able to find solutions to their problems and self-reliant. Reforms must also address the social inequality, social injustice, and lack of equity, social and racial discrimination that still persists in our societies today.

The Politics of Scientific Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Suhay
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Personal Interests

This article discusses the various ways in which political concerns among government officials, scientists, journalists, and the public influence the production, communication, and reception of scientific knowledge. In so doing, the article covers a wide variety of topics, mainly with a focus on the U.S. context. The article begins by defining key terms under discussion and explaining why science is so susceptible to political influence. The article then proceeds to discuss: the government’s current and historical role as a funder, manager, and consumer of scientific knowledge; how the personal interests and ideologies of scientists can influence their research; the susceptibility of scientific communication to politicization and the concomitant political impact on audiences; the role of the public’s political values, identities, and interests in their understanding of science; and, finally, the role of the public, mainly through interest groups and think tanks, in shaping the production and public discussion of scientific knowledge. While the article’s primary goal is to provide an empirical description of these influences, a secondary, normative, goal is to clarify when political values and interests are or are not appropriate influences on the creation and dissemination of scientific knowledge in a democratic context.

International experience with performance-based risk-sharing arrangements: implications for the Chinese innovative pharmaceutical market

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
Weiwei Xu ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Feasible Outcome

ObjectivesVarious forms of outcomes-based or risk-sharing agreements have been implemented since early 2000s as a way of access to innovative medicinal products. This study aims to summarize the international experience of performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (PBRSAs) and identify the preconditions for a successful implementation of such schemes. Their implications for the Chinese healthcare market are discussed.MethodsA systematic literature review (in PubMed) was conducted to review the evidence on the nature and performance of PBRSAs in the past 10 years. Grey literature was searched for reports in government websites of the countries in scope.ResultsThe search identifies 463 records from PubMed and 3 additional records from other sources. Thirty-one publications are included in the final review. The following preconditions were identified to support a successful implementation of PBRSAs: (1) Identify meaningful and feasible outcome measurements; (2) Establish an effective and efficient data collection infrastructure; (3) Control of the implementation costs; (4) Develop governance and administrative infrastructure to allow delisting and rebate/refund; (5) Clarify personal data protection issues.ConclusionsThe implementation of PBRSAs has proven to be challenging. Although the Chinese healthcare system is not yet well equipped to implement such schemes, some recent changes may pave the way to successful PBRSAs for particular innovative products.

Primary areas of breakthrough technologies in space activities of Russia and problems of their development and implementation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Gaponenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Space Activities

The paper focuses on the strategic goals Russia is facing in the field of space activities, and introduces an approach to classifying research in space technologies, as well as methodological principles for determining the priority of research directions. By the expert methods and systems analysis methods, we revealed the influence of various technological directions of development of the rocket and space industry on the strategic goals of cosmonautics and rocket production in the Russian Federation, and emphasized the areas with highest priority. The study centers on the priority directions of space functional and industrial technologies, those which with a high degree of probability will provide a technological breakthrough in astronautics, and points out the most significant problems of their development and implementation.

scholarly journals Patients and hospital managers want laparoscopic simulation training to become mandatory before live operating: a multicentre qualitative study of stakeholder perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Preshaw ◽  
Dimitrios Siassakos ◽  
Mark James ◽  
Timothy Draycott ◽  
Sanjay Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Competency Based

BackgroundSurgical procedures are complex and susceptible to human error. Individual surgical skill correlates with improved patient outcomes demonstrating that surgical proficiency is vitally important for patient safety. Evidence demonstrates that simulation training improves laparoscopic surgical skills; however, projects to implement and integrate laparoscopic simulation into core surgical curricula have had varied success. One barrier to successful implementation has been the lack of awareness and prioritisation of simulation initiatives by key stakeholders.ObjectiveTo determine the knowledge and perceptions of patients and hospital managers on laparoscopic surgery and simulation training in patient safety and healthcare.MethodA qualitative study was conducted in the Southwest of England. 40 semistructured interviews were undertaken with patients attending general gynaecology clinics and general surgical and gynaecology hospital managers.ResultsSix key themes identified included: positive expectations of laparoscopic surgery; perceptions of problems and financial implications of laparoscopic surgery; lack of awareness of difficulties with surgical training; desire for laparoscopic simulation training and competency testing for patient benefit; conflicting priorities of laparoscopic simulation in healthcare; and drawbacks of surgical simulation training. Patients and managers were largely unaware of the risks of laparoscopic surgery and challenges for training. Managers highlighted conflicting financial priorities when purchasing educational equipment. Patients stated that they would have greater confidence in a surgeon who had undertaken mandatory surgical simulation training and perceived purchasing simulation equipment to be a high priority in the National Health Services. Most patients and hospital managers believed trainees should pass an examination on a simulator prior to live operating.ConclusionsCompetency-based mandatory laparoscopic simulation was strongly supported by the majority of stakeholders to augment the initial learning curve of surgeons.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document