scholarly journals Review: Saffron’s Activity as an Active Ingredient in Cosmetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Irna Roniawati ◽  
Norisca Aliza Putriana ◽  
Adinda Naswa Putri ◽  
Yuniar Alfain Nur’aini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Herbal Cosmetics

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a plant that has been widely used in Asia, especially in the health sector. This can be related to other than that saffron is also known for its use as a cosmetic because Saffron has various kinds of pharmacological activities beneficial to human skin. Today's cosmetic users prefer cosmetics with herbal or natural ingredients, especially in Indonesia. This happens because it is considered that herbal cosmetics are safer and harmless in long-term use. Therefore, it is necessary to do related act ivities of saffron as a cosmetic ingredient. This is narrative research where the data is obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with keywords Saffron, Saffron for cosmetics, and others. There were eight references, with inclusion criteria being national and international journals and national websites published in 2011-2021, especially regarding the study of saffron activity as an ingredient for cosmetics. Then the data is analyzed narratively. It was found that Saffron (Crocus sativus) contains compounds that have a cosmetic activity such as safranal which can be used as a perfume, crocin as an antioxidant and as anti-dark spot, crocin, safranal, and crocetin as anti-UV, crocin, and crocetin as an anti-inflammatory and as coloring pigment in cosmetics, vitamin C, flavonoids and zinc as a face toner, kaempferol, crocin and crocetin as anti-wrinkle, zeaxanthin, lycopene, carotene, crocetin, picrocrocin, kaempferol, and crocin as anti-aging. Saffron (Crocus sativus) has various beneficial activities for the skin, so it can be used as an ingredient in making cosmetics.Keywords : Cosmetics, Herbal, Saffron, Herbal Cosmetics, Active Ingredient

Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Butcher ◽  
M. Boyer ◽  
CD. Fowle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Numbers

Abstract Eleven small ponds, lined with polyethylene, were used to assess the consequences of applications of *DursbanR at 0.004, 0.030, 0.100 and 1.000 ppm and AbateR at 0.025 and 0.100 ppm active ingredient. The treated ponds showed a more pronounced long-term increase in pH and dissolved oxygen and decreasing total and dissolved carbon dioxide in comparison with untreated ponds. Algal blooms were of longer duration in treated ponds than in controls. Total photosynthetic productivity was higher in treated ponds but bacterial numbers did not change significantly. Photosynthetic productivity was estimated by following the changes in total carbon dioxide.

Amperometric assay of vitamin C using an ascorbate oxidase enzyme electrode

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3395-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Posádka ◽  
Lumír Macholán
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Optimal Reaction

An oxygen electrode of the Clark type, coated by a thin, active layer of chemically insolubilized ascorbate oxidase from squash peelings specifically detects by measuring oxygen uptake 10 to 400 μg of ascorbic acid in 3 ml of phosphate buffer. The record of current response to substrate addition lasts 1-2 min. The ascorbic acid values determined in various samples of fruit juices are in good agreement with the data obtained by titration and polarography. The suitable composition of the membrane and its lifetime and stability during long-term storage are described; optimal reaction conditions of vitamin C determination and the possibilities of interference of other compounds are also examined. Of the 35 phenols, aromatic amines and acids tested chlorogenic acid only can cause a positive error provided that the enzyme membrane has been prepared from ascorbate oxidase of high purity.

Microvascular Transposition Without Teflon: A Single Institution's 17-Year Experience Treating Trigeminal Neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
Andrew R Pines ◽  
Richard J Butterfield ◽  
Evelyn L Turcotte ◽  
Jose O Garcia ◽  
Noel De Lucia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Microvascular Decompression ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Root

Abstract BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) refractory to medical management is often treated with microvascular decompression (MVD) involving the intracranial placement of Teflon. The placement of Teflon is an effective treatment, but does apply distributed pressure to the nerve and has been associated with pain recurrence. OBJECTIVE To report the rate of postoperative pain recurrence in TN patients who underwent MVD surgery using a transposition technique with fibrin glue without Teflon. METHODS Patients were eligible for our study if they were diagnosed with TN, did not have multiple sclerosis, and had an offending vessel that was identified and transposed with fibrin glue at our institution. All eligible patients were given a follow-up survey. We used a Kaplan-Meier (KM) model to estimate overall pain recurrence. RESULTS A total of 102 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 85 (83%) responded to our survey. Overall, 76 (89.4%) participants responded as having no pain recurrence. Approximately 1-yr pain-free KM estimates were 94.1% (n = 83), 5-yr pain-free KM estimates were 94.1% (n = 53), and 10-yr pain-free KM estimates were 83.0% (n = 23). CONCLUSION Treatment for TN with an MVD transposition technique using fibrin glue may avoid some cases of pain recurrence. The percentage of patients in our cohort who remained pain free at a maximum of 17 yr follow-up is on the high end of pain-free rates reported by MVD studies using Teflon. These results indicate that a transposition technique that emphasizes removing any compression near the trigeminal nerve root provides long-term pain-free rates for patients with TN.

Forearm brachial artery to brachial vein looped arteriovenous grafts: A single center, single surgeon observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112972982110150
Author(s):  
Jeremy Liu ◽  
Josiah Situmeang ◽  
Devin Takahashi ◽  
Russell Harada
Keyword(s):  
Primary Patency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Brachial Vein ◽  
Arteriovenous Grafts

Background: Long-term hemodialysis (HD) treatment requires the establishment of a cannulatable vascular access (VA) point. While the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the gold standard, the arteriovenous graft (AVG) is a viable alternative especially in patients with poor superficial venous anatomy. Few studies have assessed the efficacy of the brachial-brachial arteriovenous graft (BB-AVG) for long-term HD access. By analyzing one surgeon’s experience in creating, surveilling and maintaining BB-AVGs, this retrospective study aims to add to the body of literature in assessing patency outcomes of BB-AVGs. Methods: We identified 57 BB-AVGs that met inclusion criteria and were created between October 6, 2005 and May 1, 2019 by a single surgeon in 54 patients. We analyzed primary failures, patency, complications and interventions. Patency rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The incidence of complications and interventions were expressed as number of events per person-year. Results: A total of 54 patients (median age of 65 years) were analyzed. Primary patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 20.4% 7.4%, and 5.0%. Primary assisted patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 46.7%, 33.5%, and 15.1%. The secondary patency rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 81.8%, 63.8%, and 60.1%, respectively. The incidence of complications and interventions was 2.164 per person-year. Most complications and interventions were due to stenosis (1.202 per person-year) or thrombosis (0.802 per person-year). Conclusion: In patients with poor superficial veins, the brachial vein is a reasonable alternative to use as the venous outflow. However, in order to achieve acceptable patency rates, close monitoring of the VA, as well as aggressive treatment of complications within the brachial vein is necessary. Overall, the BB-AVG should be considered in patients who lack adequate superficial veins and require preservation of the more proximal veins.

scholarly journals Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes of Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri S. Kumar ◽  
Jenna A. Beeler ◽  
Emma E. Seagle ◽  
Emily S. Jentes
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Bhutanese Refugee

AbstractSeveral studies describe the health of recently resettled refugee populations in the US beyond the first 8 months after arrival. This review summarizes the results of these studies. Scientific articles from five databases published from January 2008 to March 2019 were reviewed. Articles were included if study subjects included any of the top five US resettlement populations during 2008–2018 and if data described long-term physical health outcomes beyond the first 8 months after arrival in the US. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (1.5%). Refugee adults had higher odds of having a chronic disease compared with non-refugee immigrant adults, and an increased risk for diabetes compared with US-born controls. The most commonly reported chronic diseases among Iraqi, Somali, and Bhutanese refugee adults included diabetes and hypertension. Clinicians should consider screening and evaluating for chronic conditions in the early resettlement period. Further evaluations can build a more comprehensive, long-term health profile of resettled refugees to inform public health practice.

scholarly journals Sustainable Processing of Floral Bio-Residues of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for Valuable Biorefinery Products

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Stefania Stelluti ◽  
Matteo Caser ◽  
Sonia Demasi ◽  
Valentina Scariot
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Tepals constitute the most abundant bio-residues of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). As they are a natural source of polyphenols with antioxidant properties, they could be processed to generate valuable biorefinery products for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, becoming a new source of income while reducing bio-waste. Proper storage of by-products is important in biorefining and dehydration is widely used in the herb sector, especially for highly perishable harvested flowers. This study aimed to deepen the phytochemical composition of dried saffron tepals and to investigate whether this was influenced by the extraction technique. In particular, the conventional maceration was compared with the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE), using different solvents (water and three methanol concentrations, i.e., 20%, 50%, and 80%). Compared to the spice, the dried saffron tepals showed a lower content of total phenolics (average value 1127.94 ± 32.34 mg GAE 100 g−1 DW) and anthocyanins (up to 413.30 ± 137.16 mg G3G 100 g−1 DW), but a higher antioxidant activity, which was measured through the FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays. The HPLC-DAD analysis detected some phenolic compounds (i.e., ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin) not previously found in fresh saffron tepals. Vitamin C, already discovered in the spice, was interestingly detected also in dried tepals. Regarding the extraction technique, in most cases, UAE with safer solvents (i.e., water or low percentage of methanol) showed results of phenolic compounds and vitamin C similar to maceration, allowing an improvement in extractions by halving the time. Thus, this study demonstrated that saffron tepals can be dried maintaining their quality and that green extractions can be adopted to obtain high yields of valuable antioxidant phytochemicals, meeting the requirement for a sustainable biorefining.

scholarly journals Outcomes associated with modern treatment paradigms in connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V McLaughlin ◽  
C Zhao ◽  
J.G Coghlan ◽  
L.S Chung ◽  
S.C Mathai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Mortality Event

Abstract Background CTD-PAH has historically represented a PAH subtype with poor prognosis. New therapies, as well as combination therapy approaches targeting multiple pathways have been approved for PAH based on RCTs. CTD-PAH patients comprise a subgroup of the RCT populations and efficacy analyses are based on subgroup analyses which can be less reliable than the overall analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs of approved PAH therapies to evaluate outcomes of patients with CTD-PAH. Purpose To use meta-analysis to determine response to treatment in patients with CTD-PAH. Methods The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for English-only articles published between January 1, 2000 and November 25, 2019. Inclusion criteria were multicenter RCTs that enrolled adults with WHO group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PAH); enrollment in 2000 or later; long-term clinical morbidity and/or mortality event or 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) as an efficacy endpoint reported for ≥30 patients with CTD-PAH; and evaluation of a US Food and Drug Administration-approved PAH therapy. The primary outcomes were treatment effect as measured by the study time to first morbidity or morality event and change in 6MWD from baseline to between 3–6 months, per the data provided in each article. Results from individual studies were combined using a random-effects model for overall study population (PAH patients) and the subgroup of CTD-PAH patients. Results Ten RCTs (N=4329 PAH patients; n=1263 (29%) with CTD-PAH) met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. At baseline, PAH patients had a mean age of 50 years, approximately 78% were female, and approximately 58% had functional class III or IV disease. These characteristics were balanced between treatment and control groups. Baseline 6MWD was 356 m for the overall population and 337 m for patients with CTD-PAH. Five RCTs (N=3172; n=941 with CTD-PAH [30%]) reported hazard ratios (HRs) for time to a morbidity or mortality event by drug treatment and PAH etiology: overall population HR=0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.72; P<0.001); CTD-PAH population HR=0.64 (95% CI, 0.51–0.80; P<0.001) (Figure). Nine RCTs reported mean change with drug treatment from baseline to 3 to 6 months in 6MWD for PAH and CTD patients: 33.9 m (95% CI, 21.9–45.9; P<0.001) in the overall population; 20.2 m (95% CI, 10.8–29.7; P<0.001) in CTD-PAH patients. Conclusions The improvement in 6MWD in patients with CTD-PAH is smaller than in those with other types of PAH, perhaps reflecting comorbidities and CTD-induced mobility constraints, independent of their cardiopulmonary capacity. Data from long term clinical morbidity/mortality endpoint studies in this large group of patients with CTD-PAH demonstrate that these patients derive significant benefit from currently available PAH therapies which, in many patients, comprised the addition of a drug targeting a second or third pathway involved in the pathophysiology of PAH. Treatment effect on morbidity/mortality Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.

scholarly journals Influence of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Administration on the Outcomes of Orthodontic Tooth Movement—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5268
Author(s):  
Zohaib Khurshid ◽  
Faris Yahya Asiri
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Minimal Bias ◽  
Intermittent Pth

Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of local and systemic PTH administration on periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted on the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Embase. On PubMed/MEDLINE, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords used were: “orthodontic tooth movement” OR (“tooth” (All Fields) AND “tooth movement” (All Fields)) OR “tooth movement” (All Fields)) AND (“parathyroid hormone”); all studies included using CONSORT. Results: After elimination of duplicates and articles not meeting our inclusion criteria, seven animal studies were included in this review. Although the majority of the studies suggest that PTH may a have a favorable outcome on OTM, most studies were found to have several sources of bias. Conclusion: Animal studies with minimal bias and long-term clinical studies are needed to ascertain the efficacy of intermittent PTH administration in improving the rate and retention of OTM.

The Effect of Monaurally Fitted Hearing Aid Use on the Evolution of Presbycusis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942199527
Author(s):  
Gabriel Dunya ◽  
Fadi Najem ◽  
Aurelie Mailhac ◽  
Samer Abou Rizk ◽  
Marc Bassim
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Residual Hearing ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Deprivation Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The effect of hearing aid use on the evolution of presbycusis has not been well described in the literature, with only a handful of publications addressing this topic. This paper aims to evaluate the long-term use of amplification and its effect on pure-tone thresholds and word recognition scores. Method: Monaurally fitted patients were followed with serial audiograms. Data was collected from hearing aid centers. Seventy-seven patients with presbycusis met the inclusion criteria and participated in the present study. The progression of hearing loss in both pure tone thresholds and word recognition scores were compared between the hearing aid ears (HA), and the non-hearing aid ears (NHA). Pure tone thresholds were analyzed by comparing the pure tone average at the initial and last audiograms. Word Recognition Scores (WRS) were analyzed using the model of Thornton and Raffin (1978), and by comparing the change in the absolute values of WRS from the initial to the last audiogram between the HA ear and the NHA ear. Results: No significant difference in pure-tone thresholds between the HA ear and NHA ear was found at the last audiogram ( P = .696), even after dividing the patients into groups based on the duration of amplification. Both methods of analysis of patients’ WRS showed a statistically significant worsening in NHA ( P < .05). Conclusion: The present study supports the previously defined auditory deprivation effect on non-fitted ears, which showed worsening of word recognition over time and no effect on pure tone average. It provides an additional argument for the counseling of patients with presbycusis considering amplification, and highlights the importance of bilateral amplification in preserving the residual hearing of hearing impaired patients.

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