scholarly journals V. V. von Wal as Head of Vilnius Province in 1901—1902

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-411
Author(s):  
M. N. Krot
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Administrative Power ◽  
Administrative Policy ◽  
Active Labor

The activities of one of the typical representatives of the Russian regional bureaucracy of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries — Viktor Vilhelmovich von Wal as governor of Vilnius province, which he held from 1901 to 1902 is examined in the article.  Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of his appointment to this position, which was due to attempts at administrative reorganization of the management of the northwestern outskirts of Russia. A brief analysis of the socio-political situation that had developed by the beginning of the 20th century in the Vilnius province is given and it is indicated that the most acute problem during this period was the active labor movement, which had a mixed socio-ethnic character in the region. It is concluded that the management model implemented by von Wahl, which was based on the traditional administrative-power dominant, did not correspond to the situation in the region and provoked an increase in the degree of violence in the province. It is noted that, despite the short-term tenure of von Waal as governor of Vilna, it had a number of important consequences, demonstrating the premature liquidation of the institution of the governor-general in the region and the need to soften the administrative policy towards the local population.

scholarly journals Short-term movement patterns, population estimates and breeding biology of an island endemic bird, the Tristan Thrush

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Peter G. Ryan ◽  
Ben J. Dilley ◽  
Delia Davies ◽  
Trevor Glass ◽  
Fitsum Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Main Island ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Core Study ◽  
Land Bird

AbstractThe Tristan Thrush Turdus eremita is the only land bird that survived human colonisation of the main island of Tristan da Cunha and is listed as “Near Threatened”. Population estimates are confounded by the thrushes’ inquisitive and gregarious nature as well as limited information on their movements. We report the first measures of nest densities on Nightingale Island: 6 nests·ha-1 in Phylica arborea woodland and 4–5 nests·ha-1 in tussock habitat, which suggests that the population is approximately double the previous estimate. At Inaccessible Island, we individually color ringed 110 thrushes over two months to track their short-term movements and estimate the local population size. Individuals moved up to 950 m along the coast, but 96% of resightings were < 100 m. A Bayesian data augmentation approach estimated that some 260 thrushes visited the core study area, a 200-m stretch of cobble and boulder beach where birds come to drink, bathe and forage. This result suggests that the population on Inaccessible Island also is substantially larger than reported previously. We estimate the total population to be 8000–15,000 Tristan Thrushes. The main need is a population estimate for the nominate subspecies on the main island of Tristan.

Why management models are crucial to the success of business models

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Denning
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The author posits that the management model of an organization determines what kind of business models can be pursued within that organization and that successful 21st century management models are very different from those that succeeded in the 20th century. Design/methodology/approach The author compares and contrasts successful 21st century management models with models that succeeded in the 20th century. Findings Success in the digital age requires a 21st century management model and mindset based on an obsession with delivering value to customers. Practical implications The management model incorporates the key ‘written and unwritten rules’ of the firm. The success of digital innovation can be threatened by 20th Century management assumptions that thwart Agile initiatives. Originality/value Article explains how Agile mindsets and practices are essential to the 21st century management model, and how they potentiate the firm’s focus on creating customers.

scholarly journals Lo que fue ya no es y lo nuevo aún no toma forma: elecciones 2006 en perspectiva histórica

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciska Raventós Vorst
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electoral Behaviour ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza el proceso de cambio político que se inició en Costa Rica en 1998 y que aún no concluye, ubicándolo en el contexto de la historia política de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Revisa luego las explicaciones que se han dado para el brusco quiebre en el comportamiento electoral de 1998, analiza la relación entre abstención y declive de los dos partidos tradicionales en el período 1998-2006 y se detiene a estudiar algunos rasgos del comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos en el 2006. Concluye planteando una interpretación preliminar sobre el momento político en que se encuentra el país.ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the process of ongoing political change that has taken place in Costa Rica since 1998. It is analyzed in the context of the political history of the second half of the 20th century. This article reviews the explanations of the sudden shift in electoral behaviour in 1998, analyzes the relationship between electoral abstention and the decline of the two traditional parties between 1998 and 2006, and it studies some characteristics of voting behaviour in 2006. The paper concludes with a preliminary interpretation of the current political situation.

ENTERTAINMENT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE BLACK SEA PROVINCE AS A REFLECTION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL REQUESTS OF THE REGIONAL COMMUNITY (late 19th - early 20th century)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Sergey N. KTITOROV ◽  
Оlga V. KTITOROVA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article discusses the formation of entertainment infrastructure in the cities of the Black Sea province in the late 19th - early 20th century. in close connection with the development of the recreational function of the region. The dependence of the process of creation and activity of leisure establishments on the sociocultural demands and needs of the regional community is shown. The characteristic of natural geographic, socio-economic, demographic and other factors influencing the organization of various forms of recreation, both visitors and local residents, is given. The authors conclude that entertainment for members of regional society was one of the ways to overcome the feeling of alienation and isolation from the outside world. The focus of the article is on the consideration of cinemas and circuses, which in the pre-revolutionary period in Russia were the most popular entertainment establishments and attracted the largest number of viewers. The study provides detailed statistical information about cinemas in Novorossiysk and other cities of the Black Sea province, assesses their material base, characterizes the genre variety of the repertoire. Also highlights the specifics of organizing circus performances, and other leisure activities. It justifies the conclusion that the extensive network of entertainment establishments that developed in the Black Sea cities in the pre-revolutionary period served the sociocultural requests of both the local population and the visiting resort community, and their activity became one of the factors shaping a specific urban lifestyle that is brighter and more dynamic than weekdays Russian village. According to the authors, the spread among various social groups of citizens of various forms of leisure was a reflection of the democratization of society and was the result of modernization processes sweeping the country.

International relations in Spanish physics from 1900 to the Cold War

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséé M. Sáánchez-Ron
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cold War

This paper studies the tactics developed in Spain to improve the country's scientific capacity over most of the 20th century. Early in the 20th century, Spain sought to raise its low scientific standing by establishing relations with foreign scientists. The tactics changed according to the political situation. The first part of the paper covers the period from 1900 to the Civil War (1936-39); the second examines consequences of the conflict for physical scientists in Spain; and the third analyzes the growth of physical sciences in Franco's Spain following the Civil War, a period in which the United States exerted special influence.

scholarly journals Ideja o osnivanju Univerziteta u Sarajevu početkom 20. stoljeća: austrougarska vlast u Bosni i Hercegovini između kulturne misije i političke realnosti

Bosniaca ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Amila Kasumović
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The University

Početkom 20. stoljeća brojne krize potresale su Balkan; a one poput Aneksione (1908–1909) i Balkanskih ratova (1912–1913) snažno su utjecale na gibanja u bosanskohercegovačkom društvu. Suočena s vrlo kompleksnom političkom situacijom na Balkanu; Austro-Ugarska je morala izgraditi strategiju jačanja svog utjecaja na ovom području. U tom smislu; Sarajevo je trebalo odigrati vrlo važnu ulogu. U ovom radu se želi pokazati kako je austrougarska vlast u Bosni i Hercegovini; plasirajući ideju da bi se u Sarajevu mogao osnovati univerzitet; lavirala između davno zacrtane kulturne misije u datom području i političkih mahinacija kojima se trebao anulirati rastući utjecaj Srbije. Reakcija javnosti; kako one u Bosni i Hercegovini; tako i one u Monarhiji; na ideju o osnivanju sarajevskog univerziteta; primorala je njene glavne zagovornike na propitivanje vlastitih političkih rezona.------------------------------------------- The idea of establishing the University of Sarajevo at the beginning of 20th century: Austro-Hungarian authority in Bosnia and Herzegovina between cultural mission and political realityAt the beginning of the 20th century; the Balkans was the epicentre of numerous crises and some of them (the Annexation Crisis 1908–1909 and the Balkan Wars 1912–1913) had a major effect on social activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Therefore; faced with a very complex political situation in the Balkans; Austro-Hungary was about to develop a strategy of increasing its own influence in the mentioned area. Consequently; Sarajevo was bound to play an important role in these plans. This paper argues that; by promoting the idea of establishing a university in Sarajevo; the Austro-Hungarian authorities were actually oscillating between their previous plan of conducting a cultural mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina and political machinations aimed at the annihilation of Serbian influence. The public reactions in Bosnia; as well as in the remainder of the Monarchy; forced the solicitors of this idea to re-examine their own political considerations.

scholarly journals Otvaranje i rad muslimanskih čitaonica u manjim mjestima Bosne i Hercegovine početkom 20. stoljeća = Opening and Operation of Muslim Reading Rooms in Smaller Places of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Beginning of the 20th Century

Bosniaca ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Hana Younis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
The Government ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Way

U radu na osnovu arhivske građe, relevantne štampe i literature autorica analizira način otvaranja muslimanskih kiraethana širom Bosne i Hercegovine početkom 20. stoljeća. Pod kojim uslovima su se otvarale kiraethane, kakva pravila su imale, koje ciljeve te koliko je vlast nadzirala njihov rad neka su od važnih pitanja u radu. Posebna pažnja je posvećena kiraethanama u manjim mjestima gdje su one predstavljale centar svih društvenih dešavanja. Kiraethane nisu bile samo preteča biblioteka i čitaonica, one su najčešće u samom sastavu imale i druge sekcije poput muzičke i antialkoholne. Autorica također posebno analizira unutrašnje odnose na koje utječe političko stanje u zemlji te lični animoziteti uprave, ali i članova. = Based on archival material, relevant press, and literature, the author analyzes the way of opening Muslim reading rooms throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina at the beginning of the 20th century. Under what conditions the reading rooms were opened, what rules they had, what goals, and how much the government supervised their work is an important issue in the work. Special attention was paid to the reading rooms in smaller towns where they were the center of all social events. Reading rooms were not only the forerunners of libraries, they usually had other sections, such as music and anti-alcohol sections. The author also analyzes the internal relations that are dependent on the political situation in the country and the personal animosities of the management and members.

scholarly journals La globalización en los países andinos y la situación de la población indígena

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-32
Author(s):  
Aleksander Posern-Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Cultural Entity

Short description (Adapted from introductory paragraph):“Since the early 90s of the 20th century, I followed systematically the development of the socio-cultural and ethno-political situation in the Andean region, meaning the countries in West South America, whose territories include the Pacific coast, and extend into the Andes. The main area of my anthropological investigations relates to three countries, namely to Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. Despite the fundamental differences in economic development and particular political differences that can be observed, these countries have much in common. This allows me to treat this region as a single cultural entity and to compare similarities between processes taking place here…” Translated and adapted by Michal Gilewski

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