scholarly journals Modern Thesis Research of Linguoculturological Factors in the Theory and Practice of Translation: Approaches, Gaps, Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
N. V. Timko
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Problems Of Translation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Oriented Research

The thesis research carried out over the past 11 years in line with the culturally oriented concept of translation is considered. The main views on the problems of translation presented in more than 200 thesis in the specialty 10.02.20 for 2009—2020 are summarized. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt is made to review thesis research on translation topics, considering the “cultural component” as an anticommunicative factor that requires neutralization during translation. The relevance of studying this issue is due to the need to systematize diverse and sometimes contradictory studies in the field of translation, as well as to identify scientific gaps in the translation paradigm that need to be filled. In the process of work, the methods of generalization and interpretation of the results revealed the main approaches to the study of key concepts of translation studies: comparative-transformational and communicative-functional. The key concepts relevant for the study of the factor “culture” in translation were “linguo-ethnic barrier”, “without / equivalence”, “non / translatability”, “strategies for linguocultural adaptation of the text”. Particular attention is paid to identifying problem areas of the science of translation that require further development, which will expand the understanding of the state of modern translation, culturally oriented research, as well as contribute to the general theory of translation. 

scholarly journals N.G. JUSOITY AS A THEORETIC AND PRACTICE OF ART TRANSLATION

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. ДЗАПАРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
Poetic Translation ◽  
Problems Of Translation ◽  
First Time

Проблемы теории и практики художественного перевода как феномена межкультурной коммуникации в наше время актуализируются в современной филологической науке. Расширяется исследовательское поле в этой области научного знания для переводоведов и всех, кто интересуется проблемами диалога культур. Выбор темы исследования обусловлен и прошедшим в этом году 95-летим юбилеем известного осетинского поэта, драматурга, литературоведа Нафи Григорьевича Джусойты. В статье рассматривается вклад народного писателя Осетии в теоретическое осмысление проблем художественного перевода; впер­вые анализируется одно из самых сложных для перевода стихотворений А.С. Пушкина «Пророк» в интерпретации Н. Джусойты. В частности, автором в статье представлен анализ опубликованных Джусойты на страницах центральных литературных журналов дискуссионных работ по наиболее актуальным проблемам переводоведения. В них Джусойты фокусирует внимание на вопросах верности перевода оригиналу, повышения качества подстрочников, новаторства и модер­низации классических произведений; обуславливает важность переводческого чтения в процессе постижения оригинала; определяет специфику поэтического перевода; выступает против украшательства в переводе, демонстрации на всесоюзном уровне слабых оригиналов и несовершенных переводов. В целом, Джусойты, полемизируя с известными теоретиками, предлагает свою концепцию перевода, начиная от выбора произведения и до конечного результата – текста на другом языке. Перед нами круг проблем, которые до сих пор волнуют специалистов по художественно­му переводу. Автором статьи также представлен сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ стихотворения А. Пушкина в оригинале и в переводческой интерпретации Н.Г. Джусойты. Сличение текстов на смысловом уровне показало стремление Джусойты найти художественные средства, которые помогают раскрыть основной образ. Но не везде раскрыт двуплановый смысл, запечатленный в лексических единицах исходного языка. The problems of the theory and practice of literary translation as a phenomenon of intercultural communication are still actualized in modern philological science. The research field in this area of scientific knowledge is expanding for translators and those interested in the problems of the dialogue of cultures. The choice of the research topic was also conditioned by the 95th anniversary of the famous Ossetian poet, playwright, literary critic Nafi Grigorievich Jusoyty, celebrated this year. The article examines the contribution of the people’s writer of Ossetia to the theoretical understanding of the problems of literary translation; for the first time one of the most difficult poems for translation by A.S. Pushkin’s «Prophet» in the interpretation of N. Jusoyty is reviewed. In particular, the author in the article presents an analysis of the discussion papers published by Jusoyty on the pages of central literary journals on the most pressing problems of translation studies. In them, Jusoyty focuses on the issues of closeness to the original, improving the quality of interlinear translations, innovation and modernization of classical works; determines the importance of translation reading in the process of comprehending the original; determines the specifics of poetic translation; opposes embellishment in translation, the demonstration of weak originals and imperfect translations at the all-Union level. In general, Jusoyty, arguing with well-known theorists, offers his own concept of translation, starting from the choice of a work and up to the final result – a text in another language. We are faced with a range of problems that still concern specialists in literary translation. The author of the article also presents a comparative analysis of A. Pushkin’s poem in the original and in t/he translation interpretation of N.G. Jusoyty. Comparison of the texts at the semantic level showed Jusoyty’s desire to find close artistic means that help to reveal the main image. But not everywhere is disclosed the two-dimensional meaning embodied in the lexical units of the source language.

scholarly journals Megkésett tisztelgés vagy szakmai aktualitás? A levéltártan alapművének első magyar kiadásáról

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
András Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archival Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Archival History ◽  
Basic Work ◽  
Archival Profession ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time

The Dutch Manual of Muller, Feith and Fruin is the basic work of modern archival theory and practice and widely considered to be the “Bible of a modern archivist”. It was published the first time in Hungarian in 2019. Is it a late honour for the past of this profession with some significance just for archival history? How can the permanent influence of the book be explained? The principle of provenance has to be reconsidered at190any time when the archival profession faces new challenges. This study summarizes the most topical challenges of our times generally and for Hungarian archivists particularly to identify fields where the Manual seems to be highly inspiring in. We have to find new ways of arranging and representing archival information, and Dutch Manual seems to offer useful reference in the digital age too.

Applying Cultural Linguistics to Translation Studies: A New Model for Humour Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Georgina Heydon ◽  
Sajjad Kianbakht
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
New Model ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Large Step ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

The present research intends to illustrate the contributions, the newly developed multidisciplinary field of research known as Cultural Linguistics can make to the Translation Studies and the translation of humour as a culturally constructed element. The study starts with explaining the aims and objectives of the research and the key concepts that constitute our model of analysis. Then, as the main objective of this study, we propose a new model for the translation of humour encompassing a typology of conceptual structures for the analysis of humour translation, a large step in Translation Studies, that contributes to the on-going research in translation theory and practice. Later on, we describe how the proposed model and its typology of conceptual structures can be applied to the analysis of examples extracted from novels in translation between English and Persian in comparative studies.

MODELS OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE IN MACHINE TRANSLATION: PRAGMATIC ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (30) ◽  
pp. 58-74
Author(s):  
Svitlana Hrushko
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Problems Of Translation ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of the article is to study problems of translation equivalence in machine translation, which is based on a sequence of invariable actions (algorithms) with a text to identify linguistic equivalents in a pair of languages at a given direction of translation by means of a computer, in respect of the pragmatic aspect. Translation equivalence is understood as a specific type of equivalence, which is fundamentally different from other types, since it does not correlate with the phenomena that have a special place in the structure of a language, but the phenomena that currently exist in a language correlation or are equivalent to the text content. The translation is formalized, but allows getting an idea of the text content at the introductory level, since it is not an accurate, adequate translation, but performs the function of rendering basic information. Machine translation is not able to render nuances of an original text, not only at the lexical level. When translating, it is necessary to take peculiarities of syntax and semantics into account. Adequate computer translation is almost impossible in this case. This fact is recognized by all scholars who study possibilities of this type of translation only when rendering main content of a document without taking language nuances and features into account. Machine translation can be carried out on a basis of the translation equivalence (objective and dynamic) model. The model in terms of linguistic technology provides an optimal solution of problems of independent linguistic description and algorithm. The system of translation equivalence, which can be implemented within the model of translation equivalence, allows providing sufficient quality of machine translation at the pre-editing stage. When creating a machine translation program, in addition to solving linguistic problems, a program of their implementation is also necessary, since a translation program is a tool for studying and finding information in a foreign language, and the prospects of a machine translation are related to the further development of translation theory and practice in general.

Butadiene-Styrene Resinous Copolymers

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-708
Author(s):  
J. D. D'Ianni ◽  
L. D. Hess ◽  
W. C. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Styrene Copolymers ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Although high-styrene resins have become of great commercial importance during the past 5 years (approximately 25,000,000 pounds manufactured in 1949), comparatively little information on the polymerization processes or any systematic review of their properties can be found in the technical literature. The object of the present paper is to supply such information. A series of butadiene-styrene copolymers with charging ratios of 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80, and 10/90 was prepared. Polystyrene, prepared under the same conditions, was included as a control. Properties of the latexes and resins obtained, presented in a systematic manner, were found to be largely dependent on the monomer ratio employed in the polymerization. for the first time a coherent picture is presented of the entire plastic range of the styrene-butadiene resins. This should encourage the further development of this large and expanding field, which includes such applications as natural and synthetic rubber reinforcing, impact resistant compositions, protective coatings, and latex paints.

scholarly journals Teaching translation: university courses in "Translation Theory and Practice" of the early 1930s

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
University Courses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Translation Methodology ◽  
Official Recognition

The article describes the programs of the first academic institutions, which started running translation courses as early as the 1930s: the Ukrainian Institute of Linguistic Education set up in Kyiv (with a branch in Kharkiv) in May of 1930 and the Moscow Institute for Modern Languages founded in July of the same year. The article shares new archival findings and analyzes the content of two syllabi in translation studies. The first course entitled “Translation Methodology” and compiled by Mikhailo Kalynovych was designed for the second-year students for the 1932/33 academic year in Kyiv/ Kharkiv; the second course “Theory and Practice of Translation” was compiled by Dmitrii Usov in Moscow in 1934. Usov’s course is made public for the first time here. The comparative analysis of these two documents demonstrates that both programs addressed a wide range of issues that extended far beyond purely practical concerns. The article also provides brief information on the scholars who stood at the origins of the new discipline of Translation Studies several decades before its official recognition (Mykola Zerov, Mykhailo Kalynovych, and Dmitrii Usov). The article also discusses the lists of recommended literature to the syllabi, which proves that Russian and Ukrainian scholars worked with a close eye on each other’s achievements, programs, and developing ideas.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Commonwealth of Independent States: The First 20 Years

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shumsky
Keyword(s):  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Further Development

The article assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of cooperation of the Commonwealth participating states over the past 20 years. It reviews perspectives and directions for further development of the CIS taking into account the conditions and characteristics of integration processes of the post-Soviet states, implementation of the principles of multilevel and multispeed integration of the Commonwealth participating states.

PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BRANCHES OF CRIMINALISTIC TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Elyotnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Forensic Photography ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the key provisions of traditional and developing branches of forensic technology as a branch of the forensic science. The article analyzes modern publications of domestic and foreign scientists dedicated to the problems of forensic technology. Discussion issues and gaps existing in the theory and practice of such branches of forensic technology as forensic photography and video recording, forensic phonoscopy, forensic traceology, forensic weapons science, forensic documentation, forensic research of substances, materials and products, forensic registration, etc. The opinions of individual forensic scientists on the resolution of controversial issues of forensic technology are given. The scientific directions that have not received at present recognition of independent branches of forensic technology are indicated. The promising areas of research in the framework of the branches of forensic technology are named, the main trends of its further development are formulated.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

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