scholarly journals The Semantics of ‘Nod’ in Russian

Author(s):  
Anna Korosteleva ◽  

The study was carried out by the method of semantic communicative analysis, which is used this case to the kinesics. The article proposes an invariant semantic parameter of the Russian communicative gesture ‘to nod’. On the movies dialogue material a number of possible implementations of this parameter is shown in various purports. The analysis presented in the work clarifies the place of kinesic means (posture, mimic, gesture) in the system of communicative level of the Russian language. The results of the study can serve as a basis for creating a fundamentally new dictionary description of “the nod” for the future Dictionary of Russian communicative gestures.

Author(s):  
N. Medvedeva

Basic concepts of professional pedagogical discourse: ‘linguistic personality’, ‘bilingual personality’, ‘communicative behavior’ are defined in the article; they are examined as preparation of a teacher for teaching the Russian language in bicultural national-Russian environment. Peculiarities of Komi-Permyak bilingual students - future teachers of the Russian language, who are representatives of two cultures and speakers of two languages - Komi-Permyak and Russian, are revealed in the article. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the study of bilingual personality of the future teacher of the Russian language in pedagogical discourse requires conceptual questions that define and take into account peculiarities of bilingual personality formed in native and Russian cultures and speaking native and the Russian languages. Preparation of such a teacher for teaching should take into account peculiarities of educational environment. The goal is to provide quality training for the future teacher of the Russian language - national-Russian bilingual taking into account bicultural environment at the national department of the pedagogical university. Conclusions are the following: preparation of the future teacher should be based on the term system, which is determined by the basic concepts that characterize bilingual personality and professional pedagogical discourse; the system of linguistic and methodological preparation of the future Russian language teacher - national-Russian bilingual - should take into account ethno-national peculiarities of bilingual personality, revealed in communicative behavior while teaching the state Russian language in environment that can be mono/bi/multicultural.


Author(s):  
Василий Владимирович Николаев ◽  
Екатерина Викторовна Самушкина

Статья посвящена проблеме языковой идентичности кумандинцев, тубаларов и челканцев. В статье будут рассмотрены этноязыковые процессы, определено современное состояние и дана характеристика перспектив развития этноязыковой ситуации у трех коренных малочисленных тюркоязычных народов Алтая. На основе анализа архивных источников (материалов делопроизводственных документов региональной власти, Всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи 1917 г.), опубликованных данных переписей, глубинных интервью, результатов соцопроса представлены процессы этнолингвистической трансформации среди коренных малочисленных народов предгорий Северного Алтая. В ходе исследования выявлены факторы, повлиявшие на изменение языковой картины, а также последствия трансформаций для данных этнических групп. Доказано, что на протяжении XIX — начала XXI вв. этноязыковая ситуация у коренного населения предгорий Северного Алтая кардинально изменилась. Сделан вывод о том, что до 30-х гг. XX в. подавляющее большинство населения изучаемого региона говорило на родном языке и не знало русского языка, несмотря на работу Алтайской духовной миссии и широкое расселение переселенцев в регионе. В пределах 10 % от общей численности коренных тюрко-язычных жителей, в основном мужчин, владело русским языком. В раннесоветский период, в том числе, благодаря программам советской власти по формированию сети школ, организации «национальных колхозов» распространение русского языка среди кумандинцев, тубаларов и челканцев сдерживалось. В дальнейшем «национальные» школы и колхозы были закрыты. Русский язык стал доминировать в публичной сфере. Именно поколение родившихся в 20–30-х гг. XX в. становится массово билингвами. Отправной точкой нивелирования миноритарных языков стало разрушение среды, в которой они функционировали, в результате ликвидации неперспективных сел и отрыва от родной языковой среды вследствие миграции молодых людей за пределы этнической территории в 50–70-е гг. XX в. Современное состояние миноритарных языков характеризуется кризисными явлениями; перспективой для них является деятельность общественных организаций. The article is devoted to the problem of linguistic identity of the Kumandy, Tubalars and Chelkans. The article will consider ethnic-language processes, will determine the current position and will char-acterize the future of the ethnic-language situation among the Kumandins, Tubalars and Chelkans. Based on the analysis of archival sources (materials of paperwork of regional authorities, materials of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 1917), published census data, and indepth interviews, results sociological survey the processes of ethnolinguistic transformation among the indigenous peoples of the foothills of Northern Altai are presented. The study identified factors that influenced the change in the linguistic picture, the consequences of the change for these ethnic groups. It is proved that during the XIX — early XXI centuries. The ethnic-language situation of the indigenous population of the foothills of the Northern Altai has changed dramatically. It is concluded that until 1930s the vast majority of the population of the studied region spoke their native language, despite the work of the Altai spiritual mission. Within 10 % of the total number of indigenous Türkic-speaking inhabitants, mainly men, spoke Russian. In the early Soviet period, including thanks to the programs of the Soviet government to form a network of schools and the organization of “national collective farms”, the distribution of the Russian language among the Kumandy, Tubalars and Chelkans was restrained. In the future, “national” schools and collective farms were closed. The Russian language began to dominate in the public sphere. It is the generation born in the 1920–1930s becomes massively bilingual. The starting point for the leveling of minority languages was the destruction of the environment in which they functioned as a result of the liquidation of unpromising villages and separation from their native language environment due to the migration of young people outside the ethnic territory in the 1950–1970s. Currently minority languages are being lost. The number of their carriers is reduced. The Kumandin, Tubalar and Chelkan languages can retain the interest of indigenous people and the activities of public organizations.


Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Karasik ◽  
Ervena A. Kalykova

The paper deals with an institutional concept “mission” which includes three main components: the purpose of a certain social institute, the image of this institute in mass consciousness and key values of that social organization. We argue that the basic characteristic feature of the concept “mission” in mass consciousness is the emphasized idea of importance of a certain evaluative position. The material of the article includes dictionary definitions, texts from the National corpus of the Russian language and mission verbalizations of leading universities and world companies developing information technologies. Notional, situational and evaluative characteristics of the concept in question have been analyzed. A notional approach to explanation of the concept “mission” makes it possible to characterize its topical features which include the ideas of importance of the purpose the organization must realize, predestination of the chosen way and id its sacral value, projecting the future and the distinction of collective and individual identity. Situational features of the concept “mission” as verbalized in textual corpus examples contain either explicit or implicit positive evaluation of the action characterized as a mission, but in certain contexts describe it ironically. There are two main types of promoted values attributed to and specified by educational and business institutions: the former express terminal values (knowledge, verity, enlightment, etc.) whereas the latter appeal to both terminal and utilitarian values (progress, success, wealth, etc.). The main conclusion is that the political aim of a mission verbalization expresses the purpose of the social institute to design the future.


Author(s):  
В. Янченко ◽  
V. Yanchenko ◽  
Е. Толмачева ◽  
E. Tolmacheva

This article sums up the results of the international scientific-practical conference «Teacher for the Future: Language, Culture, Personality», devoted to the 200th anniversary of F.I. Buslayev, an outstanding Russian scholar, linguist, academician and educationalist. Held in the MPSU, the conference brought together academics, scholars and researchers, university professors and school teachers, post-graduates, masters, bachelors and students to consider some topical issues of the Russian language teaching methods.


2020 ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
I. I. Shelyapina

The article introduces the reader to the tools of axiological lingua-methodology, which allows including preparation for the state final certification in the purposeful, rich in approaches and methods process of studying Russian as a national cultural phenomenon. The aim of the study is to describe effective methods of working with the journalistic text in the 11th grade Russian lesson “Filling the future with meaning...”. The choice of theoretical and experimental methods of research is connected with the tasks of systematization and classification of tasks used in the lesson; modeling of the educational process on the basis of the modern methodical tool — linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text; estimation of actions of understanding of the publicist text. The author of article asserts efficiency of inclusion of high school students in different kinds of activity (work with dictionaries and reference books; linguistic and cultural characteristic of the publicist text; writing of the publicist text on the set parameters; expressive public utterance of the publicist text with the purpose of attraction of attention etc.) on the basis of unified scenario lesson construction. Connection of a theme of a lesson with the future professional activity of pupils provides involvement of high school students in educational process, subjective experience of the contents of the publicist text and dialogue with their authors. The novelty of the research is to describe the motivating role of the journalistic text in teaching Russian in high school. The theoretical significance of the research is to describe effective ways of activity that allow modeling educational situations in the Russian language lesson with the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text. The practical significance of the article is that the main provisions of the research can be widely applied in school practice in the context of the introduction of the Federal state educational standard of secondary General education in preparation for the state final certification. The presented tools are also adapted for distance learning.


Author(s):  
Anna A. Korosteleva ◽  

The study is carried out within the framework of semantic communicative analysis and is dedicated to the semantics of communicative kinesic means of the Russian language. It proves the ability of the invariant meanings of Russian communicative gestures to antonymic deployment in a statement. This trait can presumably be attributed to typological particularities of Russian language. The fact of submission of basic Russian kinemes to the algorithm of antonymic deployment of parameters discovered by M.G. Bezyaeva for verbal units, can form the foundation of a new approach to their description in dictionaries.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Daria S. Pavlova ◽  

The article is devoted to feminitives as a linguistic phenomenon studied by gender linguistics. A large number of new feminitives in modern Russian language denotes the relevance of specific names for females, despite the tendency to use masculine words as general words in official speech. The most frequent feminitives are the names of female persons by profession or occupation. The results of a pilot experiment aimed at detecting the use of feminitives when referring to women of certain professions are presented. All data is divided into several groups. The first group consists of professions with a more frequent use of feminitives than names in the masculine grammatical gender.The second group is the one where some of the feminitives are found in dictionaries labeled “colloquial”. The third group includes cases when feminitives exist, but the respondents formed them in a different way using frequency derivational models.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbek Bekmyrzaev ◽  

This work outlines the formation of state languages in the Central Asian countries, analyzes their functioning alongside the Russian language, draws conclusions and forecasts for the future, and provides recommendations for improving language policies. The publication is intended for young experts and consultants, researchers, decision-makers, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the policies of the Central Asian countries.


Author(s):  
GULMIRA KAZHIGALIEVA

The article touches upon the problems of the formation of the future subject teachers’ rhetorical personality in the context of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The introduction of the topic is preceded by the author’s clarification of the following key concepts - multicultural education, pluricultural personality, pluricultural linguistic personality, pluricultural rhetorical personality. The author of the article also dwells on the presentation of the principles of interaction, on which the process of the formation of a rhetorical personality is based. The article provides examples of rhetorical tasks that are used by the author in teaching the Russian language course to students with C1 level of language proficiency.


Author(s):  
Natalia Yu. Orlova

Cross-Сultural communication cannot exist without interaction, both oral and written. One of the types of written communication is epistolary text. This paper considers one kind of epistolary texts, the so-called ‘dead letter’, i.e. a letter which cannot be delivered to the recipient because this person does not exist. The author introduces the term ‘phantom letter’ since a corresponding term has not been found in the Russian language, besides the existing English term ‘dead letter’ does not fully reveal the phenomenon under discussion. The materials of the article are 14 personal letters and 24 literary texts in the English language belonging to the cultures of Ancient Egypt, the USA, Great Britain and Israel. The methodology of the research is based on the discourse analysis of the personal and fiction discourses. The following types of ‘phantom letters’ have been studied: letters to the dead, letters to the future generations and literary texts which are letters to some famous historical or fictional characters. Special attention is paid to various reasons why people have been writing such epistolary texts: the writer may do it on practical grounds, as a form of trauma counselling and/or resurrecting the loved one or information. As for the literary texts, the author’s aim is to create a humorous effect since all these letters are parodies. Chronotope is also considered, which is especially important in letters to the dead and letters to the future. Discourse formulas typical for some types of phantom letters have been analyzed. The last part of the paper deals with precedent texts, because understanding of fictional dead letters is drawn entirely from the knowledge of precedent. The conclusion states that there are various types of phantom letters in various cultures, they are normally personal and they are written for various reasons, however, they possess common features. Some prospects for further study in this area are also outlined.


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