scholarly journals Effect of Dolomitic Lime Rate and Application Method on Substrate pH and Creeping Woodsorrel Establishment

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Sugae Wada ◽  
James Altland ◽  
Carol Mallory-Smith ◽  
Jack Stang
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Substrate Ph

Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dolomitic lime rate and application method on substrate pH, creeping woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata) establishment in containers, and growth of azalea (Rhododendron ‘Rosebud’) and pieris (Pieris japonica ‘Claventine’). In Experiments 1 and 2, pulverized dolomitic limestone was incorporated at 0, 6, 12, 24, or 47 kg/m3 (0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 lbs/yd3). Containers were overseeded with twenty seeds of creeping woodsorrel. Substrate pH was measured with a pour-through technique. Substrate pH increased linearly and quadratically with increasing lime rate. Creeping woodsorrel shoot fresh weight was negatively correlated to substrate pH (r = −0.67, p = 0.0001). Creeping woodsorrel germinated and established poorly in substrates with pH higher than 6.7, with commercially acceptable control (>90%) occurring in containers with pH higher than 8.4 and 7.5 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In Experiments 3 and 4, containers were topdressed with a uniform layer of pulverized or pelletized dolomitic limestone at 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 g (0, 0.18, 0.35, 0.71 or 1.14 oz) per container. Substrate pH was measured in 2.5 cm (1 in) layers from the top to the bottom of the container using a modified saturated media extraction procedure. At each lime rate, pH was higher on the substrate surface than lower layers when topdressed with pulverized compared to pelletized lime. Across all lime types and rates, pH was lower in the 2.5 to 5.1 cm (1 to 2 in) layer compared to the surface layer which indicates that the most significant pH effect occurs on the surface. Topdressing containers with 40 g (1.41 oz.) of pulverized lime provided acceptable creeping woodsorrel control (>90%). In Experiment 5, incorporating the same lime rates used in Experiments 3 and 4 caused chlorosis and in some cases growth reduction in azalea and pieris while topdressed lime caused no change in growth or foliar color by 125 days after potting.

scholarly journals The Pour-Through Procedure for Monitoring Container Substrate Chemical Properties: A Review

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
James E. Altland
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Substrate Ph

The pour-through procedure is a nondestructive method commonly used by horticultural crop producers and research scientists to measure chemical properties and nutrient availability in container substrates. It is a method that uses water as a displacement solution to push the substrate solution out of the bottom of the container so it can be analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient concentrations. The method was first introduced in the early 1980s. Since then, research has been conducted to determine factors that affect the results of the pour-through including volume, nature and timing of application of the displacement solution, container size, and substrate stratification. It has also been validated against other common methods for determining container substrate pH, EC, and nutrient concentration, most notably the saturated media extraction procedure. Over the past 40 years, the method has been proven to be simple, robust, and consistent in providing crop producers and researchers valuable information on substrate chemical properties from which management decisions and experimental inferences can be made.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS DAN RAGAM APLIKASINYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea Var. Acephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
AHMAD TAOFIK ◽  
SOFIYA HASANI ◽  
AYU CAHYANINGTYAS ◽  
BUDY FRASETYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors

The paitan plant contains allelopathic compounds for other plants so that the utilize of paitan plant as a source of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has not been widely applied. This research aimed to study the interaction between LOF dosage and appropriate application method of LOF to increase the growth of kailan plants. The research conducted at experimental garden of UIN Bandung from June-August 2016. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors and replicated four times. The first factor was application methods (A), i.e. a1=direct application to the soil, and a2= spraying. The second factor was LOF dosage (T), i.e. t0: 0 ml plant-1, t1: 20 ml plant-1, t2: 40 ml plant-1, t3: 60 ml plant-1, t4: 80 ml plant-1. The growth parameters observed i.e. plant height (14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 Day after Transplanting (DAT)), leaf area 42 DAT, plant dry weight 42 DAT, and plant fresh weight 42 DAT. The data then analyzed with analysis of variance at a significant level of 5%. If the analysis of variance was significant, the Duncan multiple range test was used at α=5%. The research results showed there was no interaction between method of application with a various dosage of paitan LOF to all of the growth parameters. The application paitan LOF showed similar growth in terms of plant height, leaf area, plant dry, and plant fresh weight. The application method of paitan LOF direct to the soil or spraying to leaves can not increase kailan plant growth.

scholarly journals Dolomitic Lime Amendment Affects Pine Bark Substrate pH, Nutrient Availability, and Plant Growth: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Kay Yeon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Pine Bark ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Micronutrient Availability

Dolomitic lime (DL) is one of the most commonly used fertilizer amendments in nursery container substrates. It is used to adjust pH of pine bark substrates from their native pH, 4.1 to 5.1, up to about pH 6. However, additions of DL have been shown to be beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental depending on the crop to which it is applied and irrigation water quality. Carbonate ions from DL cause a rate-dependent change in pH. Dolomitic lime can adjust pH of pine bark up to ≈6.5, after which there is little change regardless of how much additional DL is added. Changes in pH affect the rate of nitrification in pine bark substrates. The rate of nitrification can impact the quality of some plants that are sensitive to ammonium toxicity, as well as affect nitrogen leaching from containers. Changes in pH also affect micronutrient availability in pine bark substrates. Dolomitic lime provides an abundant source of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) for plant uptake. However, the additional Ca and Mg might also suppress potassium uptake in plants.

scholarly journals Evaluating Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa ×hybrida Cerv.) Genotype Sensitivity to Iron Deficiency at High Substrate pH

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Dickson ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
Sonali R. Padhye ◽  
William R. Argo
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
High Substrate ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Ph

Floriculture crop species that are inefficient at iron uptake are susceptible to developing iron deficiency symptoms in container production at high substrate pH. The objective of this study was to compare genotypes of iron-inefficient calibrachoa (Calibrachoa ×hybrid Cerv.) in terms of their susceptibility to showing iron deficiency symptoms when grown at high vs. low substrate pH. In a greenhouse factorial experiment, 24 genotypes of calibrachoa were grown in peat:perlite substrate at low pH (5.4) and high pH (7.1). Shoot dry weight, leaf SPAD chlorophyll index, flower index value, and shoot iron concentration were measured after 13 weeks at each substrate pH level. Of the 24 genotypes, analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that 19 genotypes had lower SPAD and 18 genotypes had reduced shoot dry weight at high substrate pH compared with SPAD and dry weight at low substrate pH. High substrate pH had less effect on flower index and shoot iron concentration than the pH effect on SPAD or shoot dry weight. No visual symptoms of iron deficiency were observed at low substrate pH. Genotypes were separated into three groups using k-means cluster analysis, based on the four measured variables (SPAD, dry weight, flower index, and iron concentration in shoot tissue). These four variables were each expressed as the percent reduction in measured responses at high vs. low substrate pH. Greater percent reduction values indicated increased sensitivity of genotypes to high substrate pH. The three clusters, which about represented high, medium, or low sensitivity to high substrate pH, averaged 59.7%, 42.8%, and 25.2% reduction in SPAD, 47.7%, 51.0%, and 39.5% reduction in shoot dry weight, and 32.2%, 9.2%, and 27.7% reduction in shoot iron, respectively. Flowering was not different between clusters when tested with ANOVA. The least pH-sensitive cluster included all four genotypes in the breeding series ‘Calipetite’. ‘Calipetite’ also had low shoot dry weight at low substrate pH, indicating low overall vigor. There were no differences between clusters in terms of their effect on substrate pH, which is one potential plant iron-efficiency mechanism in response to low iron availability. This experiment demonstrated an experimental and statistical approach for plant breeders to test sensitivity to substrate pH for iron-inefficient floriculture species.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS “GRAPE COOLER” TO MEDIA AND FERTILIZER SOLUTION CONCENTRATION USING SUBIRRIGATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 687c-687
Author(s):  
G.C. Elliott ◽  
R.J. McAvoy ◽  
M. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Saturated Media ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Seedlings of Catharanthus roseus “Grape Cooler” was transplanted to cell packs of media: peat-vermiculite-perlite (MM220), peat-hydrophilic rockwool (ABS), and peat-hydrophobic rockwool (REP) and grown in subirrigation trays using 20N-4.4P-17K fertilizer at 50, 150 or 250 ppm N applied at each irrigation. Shoots of four plants in each of two replications were harvested 2, 3, 4 and 5 after transplant. Leaf samples from the third harvest were analyzed for essential elements. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured in saturated media extracts at each harvest. Significant media by fertilizer interactions were obtained for fresh weight and leaf area at the final harvest. Greatest growth was obtained with 50 ppm N in ABS, but with 150 ppm N in MM 220 and REP. In tehse, growth was similar at 50 and 150 ppm N, but less growth REP than MM220 at 250 ppm. More growth was produced with ABS at 50 ppm N, but less at 150 or 250 ppm N. Leaf tissue N increased 38.5 to 54.5 mg g-1 dry wt. as fertilized increased 50 to 150 ppm, while other nutrients were not significantly affected. Media EC increased with time and fertilizer concentration, with EC in all media fertilized with 250 ppm N exceeding 4.5 dS m-1 at the final harvest.

Factors Affecting EPTC Injury to Navy Bean

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stimulation Of

Injury to navy bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) from EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) was investigated as a function of soil moisture, planting depth, soil compaction, temperature, available nitrogen, and seed quality. Experiments in the greenhouse and growth chamber showed that both high and low moisture stress increased injury. Deep planting increased the injury from high rates of EPTC. Soil compaction alone reduced plant growth. In combination with EPTC at 4.5 kg/ha, further growth reduction was observed. Ambient temperature did not alter susceptibility to EPTC. Stimulation of growth by nitrogen as measured by increased fresh weight was inhibited by EPTC. Field and greenhouse studies showed that EPTC injury was greater to mechanically damaged seed than non-damaged seed.

EVALUATION OF LEACHING AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS ASHES

2017 ◽  
Vol 167 (47) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Justyna Koniuszy-Nycz
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Biomass Ashes

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the total content, leachability and bioavailability of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Co in industrial ashes obtained from biomass combustion. It was found that metals occur in the test material as: macronutrient - iron (0,67 %), micronutrients - zinc (335,0 mg/kg), nickel (145,0 mg/kg), lead (110,0 mg/kg), copper (100,0 mg/kg), cobalt (25,0 mg/kg), chrome (15 mg/kg) and trace amount of cadmium (10,0 mg/kg). It was claimed that leachability of metals from ash depends on pH of solution and ranges from 1 mg/kg for (Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe) to 4 – 5 mg/kg for (Cr, Co) respectively. It was also found that lead was not extracted from ash, using water as extractant regardless of solution pH. In all experiments no regularities in the pH effect of metal leachability in the investigated systems were observed. Tessier sequential extraction procedure was used to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of metals, which was carried out conventionally and with aid of microwave digestion. In all experiments the following metal fractions were characterized: water-soluble, exchangeable, acid-soluble, oxide, pseudosulfide and residual fractions respectively. It has been found that the use of microwave mineralization during sequential extraction increases the efficiency of the release of most of the tested metals.

RADIOIODINE EXCHANGE BETWEEN IODOSTEARIC ACID MONOLAYERS AND SUBSTRATE IODIDE. III

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1484-1492
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramaradhya ◽  
R. F. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotopic Exchange Reaction ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Surface Potential Measurements ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Film Characteristics ◽  
Substrate Ph

Further studies have been made of the isotopic exchange reaction between monolayers at the air/water interface of I131-α-iodostearic acid and KI substrates. The dependence of the exchange velocity on substrate iodide ion concentration has been examined by employing KCl–KI mixtures of constant over-all molarity to minimize possible variations in film characteristics with substrate salt concentration. The order in substrate I− ion concentration was found to be fractional at pH 2 and indeterminate at pH 3. The velocity of exchange at all KI concentrations was increased when KCl was added to the substrate. Surface potential measurements showed α-iodostearic acid to have a negative surface potential at high molecular areas which decreased to zero as the film was compressed. The apparent negativity of the surface potential increased as salt was added to the substrate. The surface potential was found to vary with the substrate pH, passing through a maximum between pH 2 and 3. The isotopic exchange velocity and the surface potential were found to be closely related. The variation of the surface potential with time during isotopic exchange has been examined both for monolayers and for collapsed films.

scholarly journals Substrate pH and Butterfly Bush Response to Dolomitic Lime or Steel Slag Amendment

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Wendy Zellner ◽  
James C. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Buddleja Davidii ◽  
Butterfly Bush ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Base Substrate

Steel slag (SS) is a fertilizer amendment with a high concentration of calcium oxide, and thus capable of raising substrate pH similar to dolomitic lime (DL). Steel slag, however, contains higher concentrations of some nutrients, such as iron, manganese, and silicon, compared to DL. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of SS rate on pH in a substrate composed of 80 pine bark:20 sphagnum peatmoss (v:v), as well as growth and nutrient concentration of butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii ‘Pink Delight’ Franch.). The base substrate was amended with either DL or SS at rates of 0, 0.6, 2.4, 4.8, 9.5, or 14.3 kg·m−3. Substrates were placed into 12-L nursery containers and potted with a single butterfly bush per container. Dolomitic lime amendment resulted in higher substrate pH at rates from 0.6 to 4.8 kg·m−3 while the SS amendment caused a greater increase in pH at rates higher than 4.8 kg·m−3. Butterfly bush responded well to all but the highest SS rate applied. As the rate of SS increased to 14.3 kg·m−3, decreased Mg availability may have reduced shoot growth. Based on the results of this experiment, SS could be used as an alternative to DL. However, incorporation rates would need to be adjusted slightly higher for SS compared to DL to achieve a desired pH in the range of 6 to 6.5.

scholarly journals Liming Requirements of Greenhouse Peat-based Substrates Amended with Pine Wood Chips as a Perlite Alternative

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
William C. Fonteno ◽  
Brian E. Whipker
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Pine Wood Chips ◽  
African Marigold ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Substrate Ph

Processed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) wood has been investigated as a component in greenhouse and nursery substrates for many years. Specifically, pine wood chips (PWCs) have been uniquely engineered/processed into a nonfibrous blockular particle size suitable for use as a substrate aggregate. The objective of this research was to compare the dolomitic limestone requirements of plants grown in peat-based substrates amended with perlite or PWC. In a growth trial with ‘Mildred Yellow’ chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ×morifolium), peat-based substrates were amended to contain 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% (by volume) perlite or PWC for a total of 11 substrates. Substrates were amended with dolomitic limestone at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 lb/yard3, for a total of 55 substrate treatments. Results indicate that pH of substrates amended with ≥30% perlite or PWC need to be adjusted to similar rates of 9 to 12 lb/yard3 dolomitic limestone to produce similar-quality chrysanthemum plants. In a repeated study, ‘Moonsong Deep Orange’ african marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants were grown in the same substrates previously formulated (with the exclusion of the 50% ratio) and amended with dolomitic limestone at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 lb/yard3, for a total of 54 substrate treatments. Results indicate a similar dolomitic limestone rate of 15 lb/yard3 is required to adjust substrate pH of 100% peatmoss and peat-based substrates amended with 10% to 40% perlite or PWC aggregates to the recommended pH range for african marigold and to produce visually similar plants. The specific particle shape and surface characteristics of the engineered PWC may not be similar to other wood products (fiber) currently commercialized in the greenhouse industry, therefore the lime requirements and resulting substrate pH may not be similar for those materials.

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