scholarly journals Analysis of Petroleum Downstream Industry Potential in Riau Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Erfando ◽  
Ira Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Investment Cost

Petroleum downstream industry in Riau Province is still not optimal. The data shows that from 98,892,755 barrels lifting oil each year only 62,050,000 barrels could be processed in refinery unit II Dumai operated by PT Pertamina. There is a potential of 35-40% of downstream industry. Indonesian Government through The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources declared the construction of a mini refinery to boost oil processing output in the downstream sector. A feasibility study of development plan mini refinery is needed. The study includes production capacity analysis, product analysis, development & operational refinery  analysis and economic analysis. The results obtained by the mini refinery capacity is planned to process crude oil 6000 BOPD with the products produced are gasoline, kerosene, diesel and oil. Investment cost consist of is capital cost US $ 104419784 and operating cost US $ 13766734 each year with net profit earned US $ 12330063/year and rate of return from investment 11.63%

scholarly journals A study on fish feed manufacture with its nutritional quality and impacts on fish production

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Baadruzzoha Sarker ◽  
Md Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Feed Mill

This study was conducted to assess the procedure of fish feed production, analysis of nutritive value of feeds and its effect on growth of fish in selected fish farms. Five fish feed mills and fifteen fish farmers were randomly selected from Mymensingh district. Fish feeds were used by fifteen farmers among every three farmers used the feed of each mill. These feed Mills collect their Saudi Bangla and ACME fish feed are more preferable to the farmer due to higher protein and lipid content resulting more fish production. In this experiment, Saudi-Bangla fish feed mill (3843 Kg/ha/yr), Sunny fish feed mill (3761 Kg/ha/yr), Shushama fish feed mill (3581 Kg/ha/yr), Al-momen fish feed mill (3669 Kg/ha/yr), ACME fish feed mill (3796 Kg/ha/yr) was produce fish. Capital cost, operating cost, depreciation cost, total cost, revenue income and net profit were calculated and evaluated during the experimental period. In this study, those feed mills production capacity was 45000 ton/yr Saudi-Bangla fish feed mill, 45000 ton/yr Sunny fish feed mill, 35000 ton/yr Shushomo fish feed mill, 35000 ton/yr Al-momen fish feed mill,15000 ton/yr ACME fish feed mill. The fish production mainly carps and pangus were highly occurs chronologically Saudi-Bangla, ACME fish feed, Sunny fish feed, Al-momen fish feed, Shushama fish feed mill, respectively. Among those the nutritive value of Saudi-Bangla fish feed was the best than other fish feed.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 353-362, August 2015

Application Status and Economic Analysis of Active Coke Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1463-1468
Author(s):  
Ding Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Material Price

This paper analyzes the active coke FGD fundamental principles, structures and current applying situations, and calculates the initial investment active coke FGD and limestone-gypsum FGD. Moreover, it calculates the operating cost by raw material price and products price in China, and compares the initial investment cost and operating cost of the two FGD technologies in different usage period. This paper concludes that the high investment cost limits the wide application of active coke FGD, it can only be applied in some projects need sulfuric acid.

scholarly journals Análisis económico de la utilización de inoculante biológico (Rhizobium sp.) en frijol común, en la Región Brunca, Costa Rica.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Guillermo Flores ◽  
Juan Carlos Hernández ◽  
Miguel Acosta ◽  
Mario Montero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Marginal Return ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Biological Inoculants ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

This study was carried out in two zones of the Brunca Region using a biological inoculants of the Rhizobium sp bacteria. The objective was to reduced the chemical fertilizer utilization. Four treatments were evaluated: Absolute control; Inoculants (0,7 kg/ha); Inoculants (0,7 kg/ha)+ Fertilizer 10-30-10 (63 kg/ha is) and Fertilizer10-30-10 (125 kg/ha) in property of farmer at a density of 30-32 kg seed/ha. A partial budget and an analysis of Dominance (CIMMYT, 1988) were used to carry out the economic analysis determining net profit and marginal rate of return. In the zone of Changuena, Buenos Aires the use of single inoculants presented the higher net profit and a rate of marginal return of 388%. For the zone of Pejibaye de Pérez Zeledón the use of single fertilizer obtained the higher net profit and a rate of marginal return of 621%, inoculants+ fertilizer 814% and single inoculants 173%. The use of biological inoculants was a practice economically profitable for the farmers

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Payment Mechanism on Exploitation of Polymetallic Nodules in the Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sihan Su ◽  
Mengdan Li ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Payment Mechanisms

The international seabed area (i.e., the “Area”) is rich in mineral resources. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the relevant implemented agreements, in 2012, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) began to develop the regulations for the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area. The most important part of the regulations involves determining the distribution of benefits from the exploitation of mineral resources in the Area between the ISA and the contractors. The establishment of a financial model to evaluate the economic benefits and compare the distribution scheme was the basic method relied on in the current study of payment mechanism. According to the characteristics of the exploitation project of mineral resources in the Area, the discounted cash flow method was selected to construct the financial model. Taking China’s deep-sea mineral resources development project in the Area as the background, the main parameters of the model were determined. A comparative study of similar financial models with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other foreign countries was carried out, in addition to a sensitivity analysis of parameters. On the basis of the assurance that the contractor’s internal rate of return was not lower than the level of the land mining enterprise, the financial model was used to calculate the internal rate of return and the revenue of royalty under different payment mechanisms and rates. The advantages and disadvantages of different payment mechanisms in the exploitation of mineral resources in the area were analyzed. Lastly, the possible impacts of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining on Terrestrial metal markets were highlighted.

Thermo-Economic Analysis of Combined Cycles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yadav ◽  
Priyesh Srivastava ◽  
Samir Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Discount Cash Flow ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Combined Cycles

The paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of gas/steam combined cycle. The stated objective is achieved by optimizing thermo-economic parameters for simple combined cycle (large and medium range) and to apply this to economic model of these cycles. The economic parameters evaluated in the present study include discount cash flow rate of return (DCRR) and gross payout period (GPO), two terms commonly employed in engineering economic analysis. DCRR and GPO are calculated for various electric sale and fuel prices. It has been found that maximum value of DCRR and minimum value of GPO are found with large size plant.

The technical and economic comparison of ethylene production from natural gas and ethane

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Abubakar Atiku ◽  
Vahid Pirouzfar ◽  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Sung-Yen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Economic Comparison

Abstract Ethylene is one of the most primary and widely used petrochemical products in today’s world and is considered as a chemical building block in the petrochemical industry. In this research, ethylene production from ethane and natural gas is evaluated in terms of cost and optimum conditions. Also, a comprehensive economic and technical comparison is made to achieve the optimal conditions for ethylene production concerning feed diversity. Nowadays most ethylene production units run with ethane feed. If it is possible to implement gas-ethylene processes with an inexpensive natural gas feed, it will be a significant step for technical and economic optimization. Thus, some methods are introduced and compared, and finally an economic review about best condition for ethylene production from ethane and natural gas/investment with regard to cost and economic efficiency of the methods is provided. The investment cost for Gas to Ethylene (GTE) and Ethane to Ethylene (ETE) processes is 363–701 million dollars per year, respectively. Also, rate of return (ROR) of 24 and 19% is calculated for GTE and ETE processes, respectively.

scholarly journals ANALISA FINANSIAL PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL AA DI JAWA TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Adham Indra Kusuma, Marjono, Fauziah S.C.S Maisarah
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Investment Cost

One attempt to create a good transport system is the construction of new roads toll roads. A toll road construction soon to be implemented is AA segment a which is of  investment oriented and expected to give profits to the investors. According to the plan, the toll road is 40.5 km long development is divided into 4 sections. Data required to perform financial analysis is the cost of investment, operation and maintenance cost, traffic volume, and the toll rate plans. These data to find the values of the parameters used to calculate the financial analysis include the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP). The financial analysis will use two funding alternatives, alternative I using 100% equity, alternative II using 30% equity and 70%  loan. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of the financial analysis of the parameter values of highway construction project feasibility and determine the most influential factors after a sensitivity analysis has been made. Based on the financial analysis the investment cost results in IDR 3,827,698,222,645. The financial analysis NPV parameters alternative I results in IDR 661,439,934,962 and alternative II in IDR 230,334,925,350 which means they are feasible because both NPVs are greater than 0; both the IRR of 14.18% for alternative I and 13.02% for alternative II are greater than Minimum Attractive Rate Of Return (MARR) value of 12.42%; so, they are feasible; the value of BCR of alternative I is of 1.13 and alternative II is of 1.04; so, they are feasible because the value of BCR is greater than 1. While the PP of alternative I in the period of 12.1 years and alternative II in the period of 13.5 years. The sensitivity analysis of alternatives I and II result in  the most influential alternative—when construction period experiences ≥ 3 years backwards.Keywords: investment cost, financial analysis, sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL BUILDING STONE- LIMESTONE IN THE REPUBLIC SRPSKA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Majstorović ◽  
Vladimir Malbašić ◽  
Miodrag Čelebić
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
Republika Srpska

Curent situation of raw material base and study of limestone like construction stone deposits in the Republic of Serbian were relatively poorly considered during the last decades, and the main problems are the following: low production capacity fragmentation of production, needs for raw materials homogenization and delivering of standard quality, undeveloped market, the recession of the domestic economy and the economies in the region, the relatively low level of exploration by many deposits, especially lack of knowledge of the occurrence legality for certain types and quality of raw materials and lack of complete quality indicators for raw material, which sometimes causes the utilization of only the highest quality deposit parts.This paper provides an overview of active quarries in the Republic Srpska with exploitation of limestone like technical building stone and present an attempt to determine the basic quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw material and the current working conditions at these quarries. The purpose of such a review would be in an effort to create a clearer picture about production, market, social and other aspects of the limestone exploitation in the Republika Srpska and the realistic possibilities of maintaining and developing of these mineral resources utilization, which can certainlybe interesting for the development of many other industries in the Republic Srpska.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA TANAMAN HIAS DI KOTA SAMARINDA (Analysis of Financial Feasibility of Ornamental Plants Business in Samarinda City)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
ERICK ABDUL MUTAKABBIR ◽  
NELLA NAOMI DUAKAJU
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Ornamental plants are commonly planted by people as decoration. This study aimed to determine income and financial feasibility of ornamental plants business in Samarinda City. This study was done in three months since November 2017 until Januari 2018 in Samarinda City. The sampling method used purposive sampling method with the number of samples as many as 29 respondents.  The data were collected through interviews with respondents. The assesment of business feasibility  was done by using some investment criterias such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), dan Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio). The results of this study showed that ornamental plants business in Samarinda City owns the average of investment cost of IDR90,982,931.00 year-1, the average of operating cost of IDR37,307,586.00 year-1, the average of revenue of IDR118,506,206.00 year-1, and the average of income of IDR81,198,620.00 year-1. The assesment results of investment in ornamental plants business in Samarinda City are NPV of IDR75,074,609.00 at discount rate of factor of 12%, IRR of 65%, while Net B/C Ratio of 1,82. This is showed that ornamental plants business in Samarinda City is financially feasible to be done.

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