scholarly journals Hematology and Iron Status Evaluation Based on Donation Characteristics in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Fuad Anshori ◽  
Tri Ratnaningsih ◽  
Teguh Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Iron Saturation

Blood donation will reduce iron storage in the body. A high frequency of donations and short interval inter-donations may increase the risk of iron deficiency. In Indonesia, detection of iron deficiency in blood donors is not a routine procedure. Therefore, the comparison of hematology and iron status based on donor characteristics is not widely known. For a month, this study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Blood Transfusion Service Unit, Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Subjects were routine blood donors who met the criteria for donor selection; however, subjects were excluded if the CRP level was > 10 g/L and had a history of iron supplementation. Subjects were divided based on donation frequency and blood donation interval. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare variables among groups with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. This study involved 145 subjects who met the criteria. Blood donations more than 20 times showed the lowest ferritin levels and iron saturation (16.9 ng/mL and 15.08%). Ferritin levels were also increased in line with the donation interval (35.5 ng/mL; 75.3 ng/mL; 92.7 ng/mL every three months). However, the hematological parameters and iron saturation did not differ significantly based on the donation interval. Hematological parameters are easy and fast procedures but have limitations in the early detection of iron deficiency. Serum ferritin has higher specificity, but its level is affected by inflammatory conditions. Ferritin levels were consistently at the lowest level in the subjects with the highest risk of iron deficiency compared to hematologic and iron saturation parameters.

The Effect of Repeated Blood Donations on the Iron Status of Iranian Blood Donors Attending the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Tirang R. Neyestani ◽  
Jamil Bateni ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Loss ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
Group Frequency

Objective: Blood donation leads to substantial iron loss, as about 0.5 mg iron is lost per each milliliter of blood donated. If not compensated for efficiently, the iron loss may eventually lead to anemia, though non-anemic iron deficiency per se may be problematic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood donation, and its frequency over a year’s time, on iron status of Iranian male blood donors attended blood transfusion stations of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Design and setting: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study was conducted. 91 male volunteer blood donors aged from 20 to 50 years attending three IBTO stations located in central areas of Tehran, and 63 apparently healthy controls that were matched for age, gender, monthly income, height, and weight, were included in the study. Blood donors were divided into 4 groups according to the frequency of blood donation per year; i.e. 1, 2, 3, and 4 with 20, 30, 26, and 15 persons in each group, respectively. Just before blood donation, 10 mL venous blood sample was taken and divided into heparinized and non-heparinized tubes for determination of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TS), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Dietary assessment was also done using 3 different questionnaires; i.e. general health, food frequency, and 24hr recall. Results: The levels of Hb, Hct, and iron status indices were all significantly lower in the subjects than in controls and a gradual but significant decrease in iron status indices in each time of blood donation was found. Serum ferritin showed significant correlations with age (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) and body-mass index (BMI) (r = 0.26, p = 0.03) only in the control group. Frequency of blood donation per year was also inversely correlated with Hb (r = -0.67, p < 0.001), Hct (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), MCHC (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), serum ferritin (r = -0.38, p < 0.001), SI (r = -0.62, p < 0.001), and TS (r = -0.61, p < 0.001), but was directly correlated with TIBC (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Interestingly in blood donors, but not in healthy controls, serum ferritin levels showed weak but statistically significant correlations with daily intake of iron (r = 0.17, p < 0.05) and energy (r = 0.20, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Though repeated blood donations might diminish iron status, it could be safe to donate 2–3 U/year without an appreciable incidence of iron deficiency, provided that the pre-donation Hb and ferritin values are ≥ 14.7 g/dL and 58.9 μg/L, respectively. The male volunteers with Hb ≥ 14.2 g/dL and serum ferritin ≥ 57.2 μg/L could donate 1–2 U/year and those with Hb ≥ 13.1 g/dL and serum ferritin ≥ 35.3 μg/L could donate just once a year. Volunteers who undergo (repeated) blood donation should receive special nutritional care, especially in terms of iron and energy.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency in blood donors

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Delfini Cançado ◽  
Carlos Sérgio Chiattone ◽  
Fausto Forin Alonso ◽  
Dante Mário Langhi Júnior ◽  
Rita de Cássia Silva Alves
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity ◽  
First Time

CONTEXT: Blood donation results in a substantial loss of iron (200 to 250 mg) at each bleeding procedure (425 to 475 ml) and subsequent mobilization of iron from body stores. Recent reports have shown that body iron reserves generally are small and iron depletion is more frequent in blood donors than in non-donors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of iron deficiency in blood donors and to establish the frequency of iron deficiency in blood donors according to sex, whether they were first-time or multi-time donors, and the frequency of donations per year. DESIGN: From September 20 to October 5, 1999, three hundred blood donors from Santa Casa Hemocenter of São Paulo were studied. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Using a combination of biochemical measurements of iron status: serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation index, serum ferritin and the erythrocyte indices. RESULTS: The frequency of iron deficiency in blood donors was 11.0%, of whom 5.5% (13/237) were male and 31.7% (20/63) female donors. The frequency of iron deficiency was higher in multi-time blood donors than in first-time blood donors, for male blood donors (7.6% versus 0.0%, P < 0.05) and female ones (41.5% versus 18.5%, P < 0.05). The frequency of iron deficiency found was higher among the male blood donors with three or more donations per year (P < 0.05) and among the female blood donors with two or more donations per year (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that blood donation is a very important factor for iron deficiency in blood donors, particularly in multi-time donors and especially in female donors. The high frequency of blood donors with iron deficiency found in this study suggests a need for a more accurate laboratory trial, as hemoglobin or hematocrit measurement alone is not sufficient for detecting and excluding blood donors with iron deficiency without anemia.

scholarly journals Deletional Alpha-Thalassemia Alleles in Amazon Blood Donors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cozendey Anselmo ◽  
Natália Santos Ferreira ◽  
Adolfo José da Mota ◽  
Marilda de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Sérgio Roberto Lopes Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Significant Difference

Alpha-thalassemia is highly prevalent in the plural society of Brazil and is a public health problem. There is limited knowledge on its accurate frequency and distribution in the Amazon region. Knowing the frequency of thalassemia and the prevalence of responsible mutations is, therefore, an important step in the understanding and control program. Hematological and molecular data, in addition to serum iron and serum ferritin, from 989 unrelated first-time blood donors from Amazonas Hemotherapy and Hematology Foundation (FHEMOAM) were collected. In this study, the subjects were screened for −α3.7/4.2/20.5, −SEA, −FIL, and −MED deletions. Alpha-thalassemia screening was carried out between 2016 and 2017 among 714 (72.1%) male and 275 (27.9%) female donors. The aims of this analysis were to describe the distribution of various alpha-thalassemia alleles by gender, along with their genotypic interactions, and to illustrate the hematological changes associated with each phenotype. Amongst the patients, 5.35% (n = 53) were diagnosed with deletion –α−3.7 and only one donor with α−4.2 deletion. From the individuals with –α−3.7, 85.8% (n = 46) were heterozygous and 14.20% (n = 7) were homozygous. The frequency of the –α−3.7 deletion was higher in male (5.89%) than in female (4.0%). There is no significant difference in the distribution of –α−3.7 by gender (p=0.217). The –α20.5, −SEA, and −MED deletions were not found. All subjects were analyzed for serum iron and serum ferritin, with 1.04% being iron deficient (n = 5) and none with very high levels of stored iron (>220 µg/dL). Alpha-thalassemia-23.7kb deletion was the most common allele detected in Manaus blood donors, which is a consistent result, once it is the most common type of α-thalassemia found throughout the world. As expected, the mean of hematological data was significantly lower in alpha-thalassemia carriers (p<0.001), mainly homozygous genotype. Leukocytes and platelet count did not differ significantly. Due to the small number of individuals with iron deficiency found among blood donors, the differential diagnosis between the two types of anemia was not possible, even because minor changes were found among hematological parameters with iron deficiency and α-thalassemia. Despite this, the study showed the values of hematological parameters, especially MCV and MCH, are lower in donors with iron deficiency, especially when associated with α-thalassemia, and therefore, it may be useful to discriminate different types of microcytic anaemia. In conclusion, we believed screening for thalassemia trait should be included as part of a standard blood testing before blood donation. It should be noted that this was the first study to perform the screening for alpha deletions in blood donors from the Manaus region, and further studies are required to look at the effects of donated thalassemic blood.

scholarly journals Relationship between blood donors' iron status and their age, body mass index and donation frequency

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Malekshahi Moghadam ◽  
Mahboobeh Mehrabani Natanzi ◽  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Ahmad Saedisomeolia ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Donation Frequency ◽  
The Impact

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Regular blood donation may decrease body iron storage and lead to anemia. The aim here was to evaluate the iron status of Iranian male blood donors and the impact of age, body mass index (BMI) and donation frequency over one year, on iron status indices. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study at Tehran Blood Transfusion Center, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Between July and September 2011, 117 male blood donors were selected and divided into four groups according to their frequency of blood donation. Thirty male non-donors were also recruited as controls after adjusting for age, weight, height, smoking habits and monthly income. Iron status indices and some criteria such as general health and dietary measurements were determined among all subjects. RESULTS: The values of the iron-related parameters were significantly lower among donors than among non-donors. Only total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was found to be significantly higher among different donor groups than in the controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between age and serum ferritin (SF) only among the donors who had donated once within the preceding year. The iron status indices did not show any significant relationship with BMI among donors or non-donors. CONCLUSION: A donation frequency of more than twice a year had a significant influence on iron-related parameters. Therefore, without annual measurement of these parameters, further phlebotomies may lead to iron deficiency and donor rejection in the future.

Lipidomics reveals perturbations in the liver lipid profile of iron overloaded mice

Metallomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxuan Ding ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Yu ◽  
Lingjun Chen ◽  
Zhonghang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Iron Storage

Abstract Iron overload is an important contributor to disease. The liver, the major site of iron storage in the body, is a key organ impacted by iron overload. While several studies have reported perturbations in liver lipids in iron overload, it is not clear, on a global scale, how individual liver lipid ions are altered. Here, we used lipidomics to study the changes in hepatic lipid ions in iron-overloaded mice. Iron overload was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100mg/kg body weight iron dextran for one week. Iron overload was verified by serum markers of iron status, liver iron quantitation, and Perls’ stain. Compared with the control group, the serum of iron-overload mice exhibited low levels of urea nitrogen and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and high concentrations of total bile acid, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), suggestive of liver injury. Moreover, iron overload disrupted liver morphology, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, caused lipid peroxidation, and led to DNA fragmentation. Iron overload altered the overall composition of lipid ions in the liver, with significant changes in over 100 unique lipid ions. Notably, iron overload selectively increased the overall abundance of glycerolipids and changed the composition of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. This study, one of the first to report iron-overload induced lipid alterations on a global lipidomics scale, provides early insight into lipid ions that may be involved in iron overload-induced pathology.

scholarly journals Iron status parameters in preeclamptic women in Gaza, Palestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Supplements

Preeclampsia (PE) is a turmoil in the pregnancy appeared with the onset of hypertension and considerable amount of proteinuria. Extra serum iron is a causative component of oxidative stress concerned in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This study is a case control, conducted in 2018, and aimed to determine the iron status in preeclamptics as compared to normotensive pregnancies in Gaza strip. About 100 pregnant women with gestational age between 26 to 36 weeks. Fifty of them were preeclamptics and an equal number were without preeclampsia, aged between 18 to 35 years. Interview questionnaires were used to take sociodemographic and clinical data. Anthropometric evaluation and biochemical analysis were conducted. The SPSS version22 was used for data analysis. There was no statistically difference in the gestational age, gestational number and hemoglobin levels in the cases and controls (p≥ 0.05). In contrast, the body mass index (BMI), systolic, diastolic blood pressure (BP), and uric acid (UA) levels were significantly higher in preeclamptics (P<0.001). As well, the majority of cases were have +2 proteinuria on dipstick testing. Further, serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly higher in preeclamptics. On the other hand, ferritin levels had significant direct correlations with gestational number, previous preeclampsia, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, UA, and proteinuria (P<0.05). Likewise, Iron had significant direct correlation with proteinuria (P<0.05). Preeclamptics have higher hematological parameters levels (iron & ferritin) as compared to normotensive women. However, Iron status of preeclamptic women should be assessed before giving iron supplements as these may cause more harm than benefit.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Ferritin Levels in Blood Donors and its Association with Frequency of Blood Donation and Blood Indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita S Kumar ◽  
A Geetha ◽  
Jim Joe ◽  
Arun Mathew Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Blood donation is one of the most significant contributions that a person can make towards the society. A donor generally donates maximum 450 mL of blood at the time of donation. If 450 mL of blood is taken in a donation, men lose 242±17 mg and women lose 217±11 mg of iron. Hence, adequate iron stores are very important in maintenance of the donor’s health. Aim: To assess the influence of frequency of blood donation on iron levels of blood donors by estimating Haemoglobin (Hb) and other blood indices which reflect iron status of blood and serum ferritin which reflects body iron stores. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study, conducted on 150 blood donors, 18-40 years of age presenting to the Blood Bank in Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India, between December 2016 to December 2017. Total of 150 donors were divided into four groups according to the number of donations per year. Group I were the first time donors with no previous history of blood donation, Group II- included those with history of donation once in the previous year, Group III- those donors with history of donation twice in the previous year and Group IV- those having history of donation thrice in the previous year. Six ml of whole blood collected from each donor, two ml was used for estimating Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hb (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) in haematology analyser. Serum separated from remaining four mL of blood underwent ferritin analysis by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method. Iron stores were considered normal at serum ferritin value from 23.9-336ng/mL in males and 11-307ng/mL in females. Statistical analysis was performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and Pearson correlation test were used to find association between various parameters and collected data. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant correlation between serum ferritin level and frequency of blood donation. MCH, MCHC showed significant association (p-value 0.039 and 0.007, respectively) with frequency of blood donation. Low positive correlation was seen between Hb and PCV with serum ferritin levels (r=0.381, p-value <0.001 and r=0.354, p-value <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: There is no significant association between frequency of blood donation and serum ferritin levels.

scholarly journals Ferroportin-Hepcidin Axis in Prepubertal Obese Children with Sufficient Daily Iron Intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Witold Klemarczyk ◽  
Ewa Głąb-Jabłońska ◽  
Halina Weker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Iron metabolism may be disrupted in obesity, therefore, the present study assessed the iron status, especially ferroportin and hepcidin concentrations, as well as associations between the ferroportin-hepcidin axis and other iron markers in prepubertal obese children. The following were determined: serum ferroportin, hepcidin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), iron concentrations and values of hematological parameters as well as the daily dietary intake in 40 obese and 40 normal-weight children. The ferroportin/hepcidin and ferritin/hepcidin ratios were almost two-fold lower in obese children (p = 0.001; p = 0.026, respectively). Similar iron concentrations (13.2 vs. 15.2 µmol/L, p = 0.324), the sTfR/ferritin index (0.033 vs. 0.041, p = 0.384) and values of hematological parameters were found in obese and control groups, respectively. Iron daily intake in the obese children examined was consistent with recommendations. In this group, the ferroportin/hepcidin ratio positively correlated with energy intake (p = 0.012), dietary iron (p = 0.003) and vitamin B12 (p = 0.024). In the multivariate regression model an association between the ferroportin/hepcidin ratio and the sTfR/ferritin index in obese children (β = 0.399, p = 0.017) was found. These associations did not exist in the controls. The results obtained suggest that in obese children with sufficient iron intake, the altered ferroportin-hepcidin axis may occur without signs of iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia. The role of other micronutrients, besides dietary iron, may also be considered in the iron status of these children.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMIA AND IRON STATUS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH BLOOD MANGANESE AND LEAD AMONG CHILDREN AGED FROM 3 TO 19 YEARS OLD FROM FOUR NORTHERN FIRST NATION COMMUNITIES IN QUEBEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e40-e40
Author(s):  
Emad Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Nation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract BACKGROUND Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are higher among indigenous children in Canada, although few data are available in Quebec. Iron is metal that interact with the absorption of manganese (Mn) and Lead (Pb) cobalt (Co). ID is known to upregulate these metals, thereby increasing their absorption, concentration inside the body and their toxicity. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study are to: (i) Characterize ID and anemia prevalence and their protective/risk factors; and (ii) Study associations between blood Mn, Pb and iron status biomarkers. DESIGN/METHODS Data from The 2015 First Nation Youth Health and Environment Pilot Study was conducted among children (3 to 19 y, n = 198) from four First Nations communities in Quebec will be used in these study where, blood samples and anthropometric measures were collected, hemoglobin was measured on site using an Hemocue analyser. Protective/risk factors including education, food security, housing conditions and lifestyle and dietary habits were documented using interview-administered questionnaire to children’ parents. Serum ferritin and blood Pb, Mn, Co, Zn and Ca were measured by Modular P analyser and ICPMS. Descriptive and multiple regression statistical analyses adjusting for relevant co-variables were used. RESULTS Results showed ID and anemia prevalence of 20.7% and 17.6% respectively, among which 8.8% presented iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, up to 11.9% had elevated blood Mn (median = 15.9 µg/L, range 7.1 to 31.9 µg/L) of which 27.5% presented ID. However, blood Pb was low (median = 5.4 µg/L, range 1.8 to 50.8 µg/L). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that crystal juice intake was associated with lower ID and anemia (OR (95%): 0.50 (0.30 - 0.82) and 0.47 (0.26 - 0.87) respectively) in girls. Likewise, the presence of hunter in the household was associated with lower anemia in girls (0.09 (0.02 - 0.53)). No factors were associated with ID in boys, and for anemia, lower serum ferritin and older age was associated with higher prevalence of anemia (1.08 (1.01 - 1.14) and 1.23 (1.02 - 1.48) respectively). In adjusted models, blood Mn was negatively associated with serum ferritin concentrations (ß = -0.05; p < 0.02) in girls and positively associated with blood Co (ß = 8.50; p < 0.01) in boys. CONCLUSION Findings on high prevalence of ID, anemia and elevated blood Mn among children form these First Nation communities support that, community and family activities increasing traditional foods consumption improve nutritional status and suggest that foods and beverages naturally rich in vitamin C - but lower in added sugar than crystal juice - would improve iron intake in girls, which would contribute to improve their iron status, decrease anemia and restore normal Mn blood levels.

No Difference Between Iron Supplementation Only and Iron Supplementation with Synbiotic Fermented Milk on Iron Status, Growth, and Gut Microbiota Profile in Elementary School Children with Iron Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Helmyati ◽  
Endang Sutriswati Rahayu ◽  
Bernadette Josephine Istiti Kandarina ◽  
Mohammad Juffrie
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Deficient

Background: Iron deficiency may inhibit the height increase and weight gain of children. On the other hand, the supplementation of iron causes gut microbiota imbalance which leads to inflammation and diarrhea. The addition of synbiotic fermented milk is expected to have beneficial effects on iron supplementation. This study aimed to determine the effects of iron supplementation only and its administration with synbiotic fermented milk on iron status, body height and weight, and gut microbiota profile of iron deficient elementary school children. Methods: This research was an experimental study with pre and post test conducted on 59 irondeficient children. Subjects were given iron supplementation in syrups (IS group) or given iron supplementation in syrup with fermented milk (containing synbiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13 and fructo-oligosaccharide) (ISFM group) for 3 months. The body weight and height, hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, and total number of Lactobacilli, Enterobacteria, Bifidobacteria, and Escherichia coli were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: The body height in the ISFM group increased significantly than that in IS group after the intervention (1.67 vs. 2.42, p<0.05). The hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels in IS and ISFM groups were improved significantly (p<0.05) although the difference between the two groups was not significant (p>0.05). The results showed no significant difference of gut microbiota profile between the IS and ISFM groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference on the iron status, height, weight, and gut microbiota profile of iron-deficient primary school children received iron supplementation only or iron supplementation with synbiotic fermented milk.

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