scholarly journals Old Inconsistency In Electromagnetism And A Way To Eliminate It

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5193-5203
Author(s):  
Valerij Disan Petushchak
Keyword(s):  
Axial Vector ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Correct Form ◽  
Correct Formula ◽  
Solenoidal Field ◽  
Micro Level

Classical electromagnetic theory uses axial pseudo-vectors to describe magnetic interactions. It is impossible to explain adequately magnetic interaction at the micro level (elements of conductors and the magnetic interactions of charges) by axial vectors. As a result, the correct form of interactions in classical electrodynamics is only an integral one. The differential formulas for magnetic interactions violate the third Newton’s law. In the paper, we use polar vectors (real physical vectors) to describe magnetic interactions. On this way, we show that the real physical magnetic field, in contrast to the solenoidal field of the axial vector magnetic induction B, has two components: a potential field with nonvanishing divergence and a solenoidal field with vanishing divergence. These two fields act separately and independently and have different models of interactions. Doing so, we can write differential form  for the Ampere’s law obtaining correct formula for the magnetic interactions and adequate interpretation of the Biot-Savart law.

Language as a phenomenon of the third kind

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Ewa Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractWhile many linguists view language as either a cognitive or a social phenomenon, it is clearly both: a language can live only in individual minds, but it is learned from examples of utterances produced by speakers engaged in communicative interaction. In other words, language is what (Keller 1994. On language change: The invisible hand in language. London: Taylor & Francis) calls a “phenomenon of the third kind”, emerging from the interaction of a micro-level and a macro-level. Such a dual perspective helps us understand some otherwise puzzling phenomena, including “non-psychological” generalizations, or situations where a pattern which is arguably present in a language is not explicitly represented in most speakers’ minds. This paper discusses two very different examples of such generalizations, genitive marking on masculine nouns in Polish and some restrictions on questions with long-distance dependencies in English. It is argued that such situations are possible because speakers may represent “the same” knowledge at different levels of abstraction: while a few may have extracted an abstract generalization, others approximate their behaviour by relying on memorised exemplars or lexically specific patterns. Thus, a cognitively realistic usage-based construction grammar needs to distinguish between patterns in the usage of a particular speech community (a social phenomenon) and patterns in speakers’ minds (a cognitive phenomenon).

Ecology Community Construction Based on Low-Carbon Idea

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6672-6676
Author(s):  
Chun Rong Zhao ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Space System ◽  
The Third ◽  
System Service ◽  
Community Construction ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Spatial Plan

The low-carbon urban construction is an important carrier of the energy saving and emmission reduction,which will lead to an new trend of future city construction.while regarded as the important component of low-carbon construction, low-carbon ecology community will promote city sustainable development. And it is characteristic of the naturalness, economy and sociality. Based on present situation of chinese ecology community construction, some strategies are presented, incuding that the first is urban planning at macro-level; the second is spatial plan, transportation system, service facilities and green space system at medium measure; the third is water environment plan, energy plan, architectural design from at micro level; the fourth is community housing structure and public participation from social policies.

Particle Orientational Properties and Viscosity of a Dense Colloidal Dispersion Composed of Ferromagnetic Spherocylinder Particles: Analysis by Means of Mean Field Approximation for a Simple Shear

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Applied Magnetic Field ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Mean Field Approximation ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Orientational Distribution

We have theoretically investigated the particle orientational distribution and viscosity of a dense colloidal dispersion composed of ferromagnetic spherocylinder particles under circumstances of an applied magnetic field. The mean field approximation has been applied to take into account the magnetic interactions of the particle of interest with the other ones which belong to the neighboring clusters, besides its own cluster. The basic equation of the orientational distribution function, which is an integro-differential equation, has approximately been solved by Galerkin’s method and the method of successive approximation. Even when the magnetic interaction between particles is of the order of the thermal energy, the effect of particle-particle interactions on the orientational distribution comes to appear more significantly with increasing the volumetric fraction of particles. This effect comes to appear more significantly when the influence of the applied magnetic field is not relatively so strong compared with magnetic particle-particle interactions.

Unusual interfacial magnetic interactions for τ-MnAl with Fe(Co) atomic layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2443-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwei Tong ◽  
Yuxuan Feng ◽  
Fubo Tian ◽  
Lianqun Zhou ◽  
Gaowu Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
First Principles Calculations

The interfacial magnetic interaction and coupling mechanism for τ-MnAl with Fe(Co) atomic layers have been studied using first principles calculations.

Changes in industrial network logics: the case of the Japanese retail industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoritoshi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Industrial Network

Purpose This study aims to examine changes in “network logics” that refer to cognitive views socially accepted by actors about the network. These logics provide organizations with templates on how to act in business networks. This study investigates the causes and processes of network logic changes and the phases in the changes. Design/methodology/approach This study relies on content analysis using text data from newspaper articles on global retailers entering the Japanese retail industry. Three different logics were found to describe the actions of the retailers. Two of the logics are related to institutional and strategic logics including network logics, while the third is associated with institutional works that mean actions to create, maintain and disrupt institutions. Findings With regard to transitions in network logics in the Japanese retail industry, the analysis identified four phases: politicization, reflection, establishment and evaluation. Changes in regulative and normative logics were resulted from institutional works of the global retailers into the Japanese market. The findings also include empirical description about how network changes progress through interactions among business actors. Additionally, compared to the regulative and normative logics, it would be difficult to influence the cultural-cognitive logics. Originality/value Business networks often transform with changes in network logics. This study contributes to the literature on industrial network changes by exploring the interactions between macro-level structural states and micro-level events in network logic transitions.

scholarly journals Theorizing societalization across borders: Globality, transnationality, postcoloniality

2020 ◽  
pp. 001139212095211
Author(s):  
Anna Amelina ◽  
Manuela Boatcă ◽  
Gregor Bongaerts ◽  
Anja Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Micro Level

The editorial summarizes the main conceptual and epistemological challenges of theorizing on society across borders. Its particular aim is to initiate the dialogue between theories of society and cross-border studies that address global, transnational and postcolonial relations. In essence, this special issue addresses four interrelated concerns of studying societal processes across borders. The first of these concerns is prompted by a decades-old critique of methodological nationalism. The second concern addresses the question of how can ‘society’ and the boundaries of ‘societalization’ be conceptualized, if global, transnational and postcolonial processes straddle the boundaries of nation-states? The third concern relates to the fact that sociological ‘grand’ theories have been criticized for failing to analyze recent developments of societies on a meso- and micro-level. Fourthly, a conversation between social theory and cross-border studies is also challenged by epistemic inequalities. Therefore, theories of society should be able to take into account not only the ‘grand scale’ of societal contexts and societal changes but also the positionality of the theorizing subject within global asymmetries of power.

scholarly journals Non-Modulated Martensite Microstructure With Internal Nanotwins In Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 2267-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Szczerba
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Martensite Plate ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incoherent Interface ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Martensite Microstructure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The self-accommodated non-modulated martensite of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the latter case using the electron backscatter diffraction technique. Three kinds of interfaces existing at different length scales were reported. The first, is the wavy and incoherent interface separating martensite variants observed on the micro-level with no-common crystallographic plane between them. The second is within a single martensite plate where the lattice rotates around one of the {110} pole to accommodate the interfacial curvature between martensite plates. Finally, at the nanoscale the third interface exists, a twin boundary separating internal nanotwins with the {112} type habit plane.

THE THIRD GENERATION OF THE DIRAC CONE AS A PROOF OF STACKED 2D ELECTRON SYSTEMS IN IRON PNICTIDES

2012 ◽  
Vol 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Kusakabe
Keyword(s):  
Order Parameter ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
High Temperature Superconductivity ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Magnetic Interaction ◽  
Iron Pnictides ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Dirac Cone ◽  
The Third

ABSTRACTThe nodal SDW order parameter on a cylindrical Fermi surface is thought to create the Dirac cone in the metallic ground state of iron pnictides and iron chalcogenides. Confirming appearance of the Dirac cone in DFT-GGA solutions of FeSe, we discuss origin of the bulk SDW order parameter in the stacked two-dimensional electronic system. In a layered system with vanishingly small inter-layer single-particle hopping processes, the exchange channels derived for the inter-plane magnetic interaction is the super-exchange counterpart of the two-particle Coulomb scattering for the pair-hopping channel in the layered superconductivity. The fluctuation reference method of the multi-reference density functional theory concludes existence of the inter-layer super-exchange interaction by the Coulomb off-diagonal elements among orbitals in the semi-metallic band structure. Thus a proof of 2D nature of the third generation Dirac cone in iron pnictides induced by SDW also promotes understanding of the high-temperature superconductivity.

scholarly journals Relasi Gender dalam Kolom Humor “Si Palui” di Banjarmasin Post (Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough pada Kolom Humor Si Palui di Banjarmasin Post)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurnal ARISTO
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
View Point ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
Cultural Perception ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
Micro Level

As well as a result of cultural perception, humour can also be seen as a kind of text representing the culture of society which produces it. The humour column of “Si Palui” in Banjarmasin Post is not an exception. Reflecting the culture of the people of Banjar, the stories in Si Palui are strongly related to women and how men, as the dominant gender in Banjar culture, deal with women in daily life. Inasmuchas text is firmly connected with discourse, using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, in this paper I will see the discourse of gender relation in Si Palui on three levels—micro (text), mezzo (text producent), and macro (sociocultural). On micro level the representation is seen from the using of language. On the second level, mezzo, how women are represented is studied from the view point of the text producent, namely Banjarmasin Post. Meanwhile on the third level which is macro, the representation of women in Si Palui is comprehended from broader perspective, namely the Banjar culture which can not be separated from Islam Banjar. It is concluded from this research that: (1) On micro level men are always more dominant than women, (2) on mezzo level the sexist humor of Si Palui is strongly related to the fact that all of the writer of Si Palui are men, and (3) on macro level, the gender relation narrated on Si Palui is firmly connected with patriarchal ideology adopted by the people of Banjar, which is legitimated by Islam Banjar.

scholarly journals Relasi Gender dalam Kolom Humor “Si Palui” di Banjarmasin Post (Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough pada Kolom Humor Si Palui di Banjarmasin Post)

ARISTO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Irene Santika Vidiadari
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
View Point ◽  
Gender Relation ◽  
Cultural Perception ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
Micro Level

As well as a result of cultural perception, humour can also be seen as a kind of text representing the culture of society which produces it. The humour column of “Si Palui” in Banjarmasin Post is not an exception. Reflecting the culture of the people of Banjar, the stories in Si Palui are strongly related to women and how men, as the dominant gender in Banjar culture, deal with women in daily life. Inasmuchas text is firmly connected with discourse, using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, in this paper I will see the discourse of gender relation in Si Palui on three levels—micro (text), mezzo (text producent), and macro (sociocultural). On micro level the representation is seen from the using of language. On the second level, mezzo, how women are represented is studied from the view point of the text producent, namely Banjarmasin Post. Meanwhile on the third level which is macro, the representation of women in Si Palui is comprehended from broader perspective, namely the Banjar culture which can not be separated from Islam Banjar. It is concluded from this research that: (1) On micro level men are always more dominant than women, (2) on mezzo level the sexist humor of Si Palui is strongly related to the fact that all of the writer of Si Palui are men, and (3) on macro level, the gender relation narrated on Si Palui is firmly connected with patriarchal ideology adopted by the people of Banjar, which is legitimated by Islam Banjar.

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