scholarly journals Pragmatic approach to construction and reinvention of cities in developing countries: the case of Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2281-2291
Author(s):  
NZOUSSI HILAIRE KEVIN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

  Urbanization is a very old phenomenon and does not date today. For centuries, the urbanization of cities has been inevitably accelerating. In recent years, more than 50% of the world's population lives in urban areas. This percentage will increase in the coming years. Urbanization poses many problems in the cities of developing countries that require reinvention and pragmatic constructions to achieve sustainable cities. This is the case of Congo Brazzaville capital policy that is growing disproportionately and disorderly without planning methods or urbanization or even adaptation to receive a large population who moved to town in search of well being. Urbanization is a perplexed area and includes several sub-issues that are: socio-economic, environmental but also spatial. However, Brazzaville is in a state of total disrepair resulting in a dysfunction of the urban space. Brazzaville has inherited a colonial space with a dual character. The pragmatic reconstruction will certainly provide an adequate response to the problems facing the city of Brazzaville. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for the regulation and regeneration of the urban environment. Then, rethinking renaming the city of Brazzaville to ensure a pragmatic reconstruction that will allow the populations to have a radiant living environment.

Machiavelli’s Ambiguous Praise of Paganism

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Vickie B. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Niccolò Machiavelli ◽  
The People ◽  
Roman People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

This chapter argues that Niccolò Machiavelli considers the Roman leaders' use of pagan religion to maintain popular support as pernicious. It enabled the leaders of the people to put this religion to a very different purpose. The successive innovations of aspiring tyrants strengthened such appeals and eventuated in the destruction of the republic. Christianity transcends the methods of Caesar and the Gracchi in a critical way. Christ's followers pique the passions of the people not merely with lands that many Romans have not seen, but with domains beyond human experience. This appeal to transcendence trumped all the benefits the city of Rome could offer. When the Roman people accepted the imported doctrine, they no longer needed to devote themselves to the earthly city to receive their rewards, and thus “civil life” was utterly transcended in Rome. Therefore, only when the critical element of a promise of divine provision was added to the familiar litany of private benefits did the line of ingenious aspiring tyrants, who wished to transcend civil life, achieve its goal.

scholarly journals urbanisation dilemmas in delta cities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Like Bijlsma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
City Growth ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
The City

Delta Cities in developing countries face problems of water risks while also dealing with enormous population growth. Recent urbanisation is increasingly taking place in high risk areas.When looking into these recent urbanisation processes, we can discern two different dynamics, formal and informal ones. They relate in different ways to green, grey and blue infrastructures, and have their own formal and informal institutional drivers.Modern technocratic planning methods do not positively interfere with informal city growth. On the contrary, often water problems are shifted to the lower and informal parts of the city. Inclusive green planning should take into account local urbanisation practice.

scholarly journals Bitola – from Eyalet capital to regional centre in the Republic of Macedonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Nikola V. Dimitrov ◽  
Blagoja Markoski ◽  
Ivan Radevski ◽  
Vladimir Zlatanoski
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Abstract In the past nine hundred years Bitola has undergone a string of administrative and political rises and falls. In the course of the 16th century the city grew to have a very large population and become a huge economic and geopolitical centre of the large province of Rumelia in the Ottoman Empire. However, as a result of some overwhelming political and military events that played out during the 20th century (the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan wars, WW1, WW2 and other economic, political, technical and technological developments that occurred in the world and in the country) Bitola was reduced to a mere local city in economic, geopolitical and population terms. The immediate economic and population expansion of Bitola is presented through an exact numeric and cartographic overview of spatial-temporal changes in the city’s development in the past two centuries. For the purposes of rendering a more accurate image, we have compared Bitola’s population, administrative and geopolitical role with a number of major Balkan cities.

scholarly journals Development of flexibility in children of primary school age with the use of original means of physical education

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 03030
Author(s):  
Nikolai Gogolev ◽  
Sardana Kolodeznikova ◽  
Arian Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
School Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of a study of the flexibility of children of primary school age in rural areas on the example of a municipal school in the city of Yakutsk. Many children experience the lack of physical training and are to be trained in a certain way in order to receive better results. The metgodology of training proposed by the authors and experimentally tested in the the Municipal Educational Institution “Zarechnaya MGES” of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the city of Yakutsk, Russia in the classes on general physical training demonstrates excellent results and is highly recommended to be used by the trainers in the Republic and the whole country.

scholarly journals Opportunities for the reconstruction of the quarter between the streets ­Nar-Dos, Tigran Mets, Zavaryan and Khorenatsi of the city of Yerevan

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 408-416
Author(s):  
Karen R. Azatyan ◽  
Anush A. Ohanyan
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Well Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

Introduction. In the central quarters of Yerevan, the contemporary development of which formed since 1920s, the problems of organization of courtyard space has been arisen initially. The quarters were built up with old houses and the lack of funds led to the fact that the development was carried out only around the perimeter of the quarters, where new residential buildings were built. As a result, large amount of ramshackle housing stock remained in the center of the quarters. And despite the fact that these plots were intended for the improvement of courtyards, by the end of 1980s the problem was not solved. Since 1992, when socio-economic radical changes took place in the Republic and the state development programs were suspended, the inner quarter space became an object of individual spontaneous construction, which led to chaos in the organization of urban living environment. Such an example is the quarter between the streets Nar-Dos, Tigran Mets, Zavaryan and Khorenatsi — the subject of this research. Identification of the reconstruction opportunities of the quarter between the streets Nar-Dos, Tigran Mets, Zavaryan and Khorenatsi of the city of Yerevan. Materials and methods. The work is carried out on the base of the field observations and published sources by the method of theoretical research, analysis, designing and generalization of the material. Results. The work is composed of the following thematic subdivisions: defining the research boundaries; study and analysis of the present condition of the quarter; project proposal for the reconstruction; socio-economic aspects of the project implementation. The historical process of the forming of the development of city center quarters is generalized, the existing problems are determined. The results of the study and the analysis of the particular quarter development present condition are introduced. The conceptual project proposal for the reconstruction of the quarter, the socio-economic possibilities of its implementation and the expected results are presented. Conclusions. A list of problems are deduced, which are resolving through the proposal. As well data on the effectiveness of the individual indexes during the reconstruction of the quarter is displayed. The results of the work can be introduced in the reconstruction programs of the central quarters of Yerevan city.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Indicators of permanent teeth eruption in children of Tashkent city and comparative assessment with the data of peers of different Russian cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
R. T. Kamilova ◽  
J. A. Kamilov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Relevance. Characteristics of eruption of secondary teeth is of diagnostic and prognostic interest, is the basis for implementation of targeted therapeutic and preventive measures among children. No research has ever been carried out in Uzbekistan to study an age and gender regional features of secondary teeth eruption. The aim is to determine the timing and symmetry of secondary teeth eruption in children of the city of Tashkent of the Republic of Uzbekistan and comparative assessment with the children of different cities of Russia.Materials and methods. 3,834 children between 3 and 17 years were conducted dental examination. A comparative analysis was made of the initial, intermediate and final periods of eruption of secondary teeth for children of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city) and Russia (Saratov, Izhevsk and Sergach).Results. In Tashkent children of both gender, in most cases, lower teeth were erupted before than their antagonists. In girls, teeth were erupted earlier than their male counterparts. At the initial stage of eruption, asymmetry was more pronounced in boys than in girls, while in the middle and final stages it was more pronounced in the opposite direction. Observed asymmetry of antimere’s teeth were indicated left-handed permanent dentition in boys and right-handed in girls. Children of Tashkent city were observed permanent dentition in one group of teeth 1-16 months earlier, and in others – 1-24 months later than their peers in Russian cities. Revealed differences were more pronounced among boys than among girls. Children in Tashkent differed more from their peers in Sergach and less from those in Izhevsk. Conclusions. Regional peculiarities of permanent dentition in children of Tashkent city and revealed expressed differences with indicators of Russian children are the basis for development of separate age and  gender normative assessment permanent dentition tables for children of Uzbekistan. 

Preferences to Receive Unsolicited Findings of Germline Genome Sequencing in a Large Population of Cancer Patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Bijlsma ◽  
R.H.P. Wouters ◽  
H. Wessels ◽  
S. Sleijfer ◽  
L.V. Beerepoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
To Receive

The practice of envelope journalism in the Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Cleves Nkie Mongo
Keyword(s):  
Journalism Ethics ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides insight into the “brown envelope journalism” in the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). Through in-depth interviews with journalists from four major Congolese news outlets, this research reveals how financial difficulties result in reporters justifying their violations of journalism ethics and standards. While two news outlets accept bribes to compensate for their precarious financial situation, two other news organizations pretend that they oppose envelope journalism although this research shows that their reporters also secretly accept bribes.

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