scholarly journals Percepção de gestantes sobre a incidência da toxoplasmose, Barreiras – BA / Perception of pregnant on incidence of toxoplasmosis, Barreiras – BA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Crisliane Aparecida Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Luciene Lopes da Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Prevention Guidelines ◽  
Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy

No Brasil 4 a 5% das mulheres correm o risco de adquirir a toxoplasmose. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar o perfil socioeconômico das gestantes, bem como sua percepção sobre a toxoplasmose, com foco nas fontes de infecção, transmissão e nas medidas preventivas da doença. A pesquisa ocorreu mediante aplicação de questionários socioeconômicos a 68 gestantes, pacientes de postos de saúde de Barreiras. Os resultados mostraram que 66,2% das gestantes nunca ouviram falar sobre a expressão “toxoplasmose e/ou toxoplasmose congênita”, o que justifica o fato de 97% delas desconhecerem os danos à saúde causados pela taxoplasmose durante a gestação. Embora tenha se percebido falhas quanto às orientações de prevenção das gestantes, pelos profissionais de saúde, ainda assim o rastreio no pré-natal, realizados a cada trimestre da gestação, é a estratégia mais eficiente, quanto à identificação e tratamento de uma possível infecção da toxoplasmose e de outras doenças nesse período da vida. ABSTRACTIn Brazil 50 to 80% of women have been infected with toxoplasmosis. The objective of this article is to evaluate the perception of pregnant women about how to acquire and transmit toxoplasmosis. The research was carried out through the application of socioeconomic questionnaires to 68 pregnant women, patients from Barreiras health posts. The results showed that 66.2% of pregnant women had never heard of the term "toxoplasmosis and / or congenital toxoplasmosis", which explains why 97% of them do not know the health damage caused by toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Although the pregnant women presented low perception about the infection/disease prevention guidelines, prenatal screening, performed every trimester of gestation, is the most efficient strategy in identification and treatment of a possible Toxoplasma infection and of other diseases in this period of life.

scholarly journals Risk factors for recent toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in Naples

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Buffolano ◽  
R. E. Gilbert ◽  
F. J. Holland ◽  
D. Fratta ◽  
F. Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Cyst Viability

SUMMARYEffective primary prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis requires up to date information on locally relevant risk factors for infection in pregnant women. In Naples, risk factors for toxoplasma infection were compared in recently infected women (as assessed by detection of specific IgM in serum) and susceptible, IgG negative women. Recent infection was strongly associated with frequency of consumption of cured pork and raw meat. Eating cured pork or raw meat at least once a month increased the risk of toxoplasma infection threefold.This simple study design for determining locally relevant sources of toxoplasma infection is the first report of cured pork as a risk factor for infection. Further research is required to determine cyst viability in cured pork products. Our findings suggest that in southern Italy, cured pork and raw meat should be avoided by susceptible pregnant women.

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis infection among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254209
Author(s):  
Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa ◽  
Teshome Gensa Geta ◽  
Ayalnesh Zemene Yalew ◽  
Rahel Mezemir Abebe ◽  
Henna Umer Kele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
P Value ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection

The epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy is a major issue in public health. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan parasite. Toxoplasma parasite is at high risk for life-threatening diseases during pregnancy. Congenital toxoplasmosis results from a maternal infection acquired during gestation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to determine the seropositive prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection among pregnant women who attended antenatal care in a health facility in Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies were included. Databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online were used with relevant search terms. The quality of the articles was critically evaluated using the tool of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were extracted on Microsoft word 2016. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. The heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the I2 statistics and Egger’s test, respectively. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval of meta-analysis using the random effect model. In total, 23 studies comprising 7,579 pregnant women across ten countries in Africa were included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of seropositive toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Africa was 51.01% (95% CI; 37.66, 64.34). The heterogeneity test showed that heterogeneity was high, I2 = 99.6%, P-value < 0.001. The variables responsible for the source of heterogeneity were included from Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia. Overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Africa showed that more than one-half of pregnant women were infected. The risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy is high; hence, preventive measures to avoid exposure of pregnant women to Toxoplasma infection should be strictly applied.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Infection in Diabetic Pregnant Women from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, West of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Shakiba ◽  
Fariba Farhadifar ◽  
nasrin Bahmani ◽  
Mojde Zareei
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diabetes Center

Abstract Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasitic protozoan, which is a causative agent of serious complications such as abortion in pregnant women or fetal still birth. The aim of this study was evaluating the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in diabetic pregnant women from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. Methods: In this study 136 serum samples from diabetic pregnant women were collected from referred to the Toohid hospital diabetes center during June 2018 to October 2019 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran. IgM and IgG titers were evaluated by ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software and using Chi-Square and Fisher tests. Results: The ELISA method showed 35(25.7%) and 7(5.1%) of diabetic pregnant women were positive for IgG and IgM T.gondii antibodies respectively. There was statistically significant relationship between toxoplasma infection and education, gestational age and number of parity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that public awareness and education about toxoplasmosis and its transmission routes before pregnancy may be effective in preventing congenital toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Screening for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: One-year experience in an Italian reference laboratory

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Meroni ◽  
Francesca Genco
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

AIMS: To describe the experience of the Toxoplasmosis Laboratory of Infectious Disease Department University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation, San Matteo Polyclinic Pavia, a reference laboratory for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, in the investigation of pregnant women with suspected acute toxoplasmosis. METHODS: All sera were tested with LIAISON® Toxo IgM and IgG II, Toxo IgG Avidity II kits (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy), VIDAS Toxo IgG II and Toxo IgG Avidity (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France ), IgM ISAGA (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) and ETI-TOXOK-A reverse PLUS (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). When required (IgG negative/IgM positive women), IgG/IgM Western Blot II (LDBio, Lyon, France) was also performed. Prenatal diagnosis on amniotic fluid was done by nested PCR. All newborns were followed up to one year of age in order to exclude or confirm the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. All pregnant women with acute or undetermined stages of infection were treated. RESULTS: In the course of 2007, 236 women with suspected acute (IgM-positive) Toxoplasma infection were followed up. In the reference laboratory, 91 women had test results indicating acute toxoplasmosis, and 10 had undetermined status of infection. These 101 patients represented 42.8% of the 236 women referred. Acute toxoplasmosis could be excluded in the remaining 135 patients, of whom 53 were non-immune. Three infected newborns were observed, all from mothers tested for the first time during the third trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The role of a reference laboratory in suspected toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy is crucial to date the infection and discriminate between seroconversion and false positive anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. This avoids unnecessary anxiety in immune women, provides correct counseling about primary prevention and periodic testing for seronegative ones, and allows early treatment and follow-up of pregnant women with acute infection and their newborns.

scholarly journals Immunopathogenesis of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Dupouy-Camet
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is not completely understood. This paper will try to discuss the most frequently asked questions about the immunopathogeny of congenital toxoplasmosis: differential virulence ofToxoplasmaisolates, genetic susceptibility to infection, facilitation of placental transfer, models of congenital toxoplasmosis, and transmission in seropositive hosts. Most published data suggest a role of the genetic background of the host and of the parasite. Models of congenital toxoplasmosis have been evaluated, but it appears that the conclusion drawn would be barely appropriate to understand the pathogenesis in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the level of awareness of congenital toxoplasmosis and associated practices among pregnant women and health workers in Tanzania’s Temeke district in Dar es Salaam

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3027-3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onduru Gervas Onduru ◽  
Susan Fred Rumisha ◽  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Andrew Malata Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Risk Practices

Background: Toxoplasmosis caused by the obligate intracellular coccidian protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infects all warm-blooded animals including humans. This parasite may develop in both immune-compromised and immunocompetent hosts but usually the disease manifestations strongly differ according to immune status. Immunocompromised hosts develop more severe disease than immunocompetent hosts. Infections in pregnancy carry the risk of foetal involvement and can lead to serious clinical outcomes including psychomotor and ocular disorders in congenitally infected foetuses and children.Objective: To assess the level of awareness and practices towards congenital toxoplasmosis among health workers and pregnant women in Tanzania’s Temeke municipality.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 371 pregnant women and 22 health workers from six healthcare facilities in Temeke municipality of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A structured questionnaire and review of prenatal screening forms were used to collect information. The questionnaire focused on knowledge of disease aetiology, signs and symptoms, modes of transmission, treatment and management.Results: Of the pregnant women, 96% (95% CI: 0. 94-0.98) were unaware of the disease, had never heard, read or seen any information regarding toxoplasmosis. The majority of respondents including those who had heard, read or seen information concerning toxoplasmosis were unaware of the disease aetiology, signs and symptoms. However, 90% (95% CI: 0.86–0.93) of respondents unknowingly observed preventive practices towards the disease including avoiding eating raw, cured or rare meat. There was a significant statistical relationship between practices towards toxoplasmosis and age of pregnant women, such that for every increase in age by ten years the risk practices towards toxoplasmosis increased by 41% (OR=1.41, 95%, C.I. 1.05-1.90). Preventive practices towards toxoplasmosis decreased significantly by 74% and 78% for the age of 19-25 and 26-35 years old pregnant women respectively, as compared to those < 19 years. No significant difference was observed for those aged > 35 years. Multigravidae was associated with at-risk practices towards toxoplasmosis (OR=2.65, CI: 1.38-5.08). Of the 22 health workers who participated in the study, 36% (95% CI: 0.15–0.58) were aware of the congenital toxoplasmosis and its clinical outcomes. None of them had diagnosed the disease before.Conclusion: Due to general lack of awareness towards toxoplasmosis observed among both health workers and pregnant women in Temeke Municipality, we recommend health policy on maternal and child healthcare to address prenatal screening that is aimed at providing early diagnosis for any possible congenital toxoplasmosis as well as diseases that are currently screened in Tanzania such as HIV, syphilis and malaria. Integrating a One Health approach in educating medical professionals and the vulnerable population of pregnant women on the importance of congenital zoonoses will promote awareness and preventive practices towards the disease.Keywords: Toxoplasmosis awareness, pregnant women, health workers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION WITH EARLY AND LATE MANIFESTATION, PROGNOSTIC MARKERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Yakubova D.I.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Late Manifestation ◽  
Late Form ◽  
Early Manifestation

Objective of the study: Comprehensive assessment of risk factors, the implementation of which leads to FGR with early and late manifestation. To evaluate the results of the first prenatal screening: PAPP-A, B-hCG, made at 11-13 weeks. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study included 110 pregnant women. There were 48 pregnant women with early manifestation of fetal growth restriction, 62 pregnant women with late manifestation among them. Results of the study: The risk factors for the formation of the FGR are established. Statistically significant differences in the indicators between groups were not established in the analyses of structures of extragenital pathology. According to I prenatal screening, there were no statistical differences in levels (PAPP-A, b-hCG) in the early and late form of FGR.

scholarly journals Theory-based approach to developing an implementation plan to support the adoption of a patient decision aid for Down syndrome prenatal screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Tatiana Agbadjé ◽  
Matthew Menear ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon ◽  
France Légaré
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Knowledge To Action ◽  
Knowledge Translation Strategies

Abstract Background Our team has developed a decision aid to help pregnant women and their partners make informed decisions about Down syndrome prenatal screening. However, the decision aid is not yet widely available in Quebec’s prenatal care pathways. Objective We sought to identify knowledge translation strategies and develop an implementation plan to promote the use of the decision aid in prenatal care services in Quebec, Canada. Methods Guided by the Knowledge-to-Action Framework and the Theoretical Domains Framework, we performed a synthesis of our research (11 publications) on prenatal screening in Quebec and on the decision aid. Two authors independently reviewed the 11 articles, extracted information, and mapped it onto the Knowledge-to-Action framework. Using participatory action research methods, we then recruited pregnant women, health professionals, managers of three prenatal care services, and researchers to (a) identify the different clinical pathways followed by pregnant women and (b) select knowledge translation strategies for a clinical implementation plan. Then, based on all the information gathered, the authors established a consensus on strategies to include in the plan. Results Our knowledge synthesis showed that pregnant women and their partners are not sufficiently involved in the decision-making process about prenatal screening and that there are numerous barriers and facilitators of the use of the decision aid in clinical practice (e.g., low intention to use it among health providers). Using a participatory action approach, we met with five pregnant women, three managers, and six health professionals. They informed us about three of Quebec’s prenatal care pathways and helped us identify 20 knowledge translation strategies (e.g., nurse discusses decision aid with women before they meet the doctor) to include in a clinical implementation plan. The research team reached a consensus about the clinical plan and also about broader organizational strategies, such as training healthcare providers in the use of the decision aid, monitoring its impact (e.g., measure decisional conflict) and sustaining its use (e.g., engage key stakeholders in the implementation process). Conclusion Next steps are to pilot our implementation plan while further identifying global strategies that target institutional, policy, and systemic supports for implementation.

scholarly journals Efficiency of non-invasive prenatal screening in pregnant women at advanced maternal age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Jin ◽  
Yuqing Xu ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is widely used as the alternative choice for pregnant women at high-risk of fetal aneuploidy. However, whether NIPS has a good detective efficiency for pregnant women at advanced maternal age (AMA) has not been fully studied especially in Chinese women. Methods Twenty-nine thousand three hundred forty-three pregnant women at AMA with singleton pregnancy who received NIPS and followed-up were recruited. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Youden Index for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidies were analyzed. The relationship between maternal age and common fetal chromosomal aneuploidy was observed. Results The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of NIPS for detecting fetal trisomy 21 were 99.11, 99.96, 90.98, and 100%, respectively. These same parameters for detecting fetal trisomy 18 were 100, 99.94, 67.92, and 100%, respectively. Finally, these parameters for detecting trisomy 13 were 100, 99.96, 27.78, and 100%, respectively. The prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 increased exponentially with maternal age. The high-risk percentage incidence rate of fetal trisomy 21 was significantly higher in the pregnant women at 37 years old or above than that in pregnant women at 35 to 37 years old. (Youden index = 37). Conclusion It is indicated that NIPS is an effective prenatal screening method for pregnant women at AMA.

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