Phenotypic yield and its structure variability  of moderately late and late potato cultivars

The breeding of new potato cultivars of a given earliness group is closely related to the knowledge of the range of variability and interdependence of traits in a given year and between years. The research results were based on the field experience conducted in 2010–2012, in Central-Eastern Poland (51°34'N, 23°02'E), on lessive, slightly acidic soil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in triplicate. Seventeen medium late and late potato cultivars were tested. Agronomic and plant protection treatments were carried out following the principles of good agricultural practice. The variability of potato economic characteristics was assessed through variance analysis, variance component analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). The years of research (52.5–94.6%) have played a dominant role in the phenotypic variability of general yield, commercial and seed yield, and their structure. The genetic factor was from 1.3 to 24.1%, and the interaction of the cultivar × years – from 3.1 to 61.7% of the variance share in the total variance. The analysis of the main components has identified four groups of cultivars with specific properties. They can be used in the decision-making system of breeding the new potato creations.

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Regulation of the field toxico-biological studies of pesticides through the example of EU countries. Challenge for Ukraine. (Review of regulatory and scientific and methodological documents)

Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects ◽

10.33273/2663-4570-2018-82-83-2-3-5-12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 82-83 (2-3) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

M.G. Prodanchuk ◽

I.V. Lepeshkin ◽

O.P. Kravchuk ◽

A.P. Grynko ◽

M.V. Velychko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Mutual Recognition ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

National Standards ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Association Agreement ◽

Experimental Practice ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Good Agricultural Practice ◽

Good Laboratory

The establishment of a free trade zone within the framework of EU-Ukraine Association Agreement provides the necessary measures to achieve the relevant national standards regarding the level of European and international requirements. One of the important issues is the harmonization of the regulation of the circulation of chemical products, including pesticides. Particular requirements are laid down to the quality of the preclinical studies of plant protection products (PPPs) in accordance with the principles of Good Laboratory (GLP) and Good Experimental Practice (GEP) in laboratory and field conditions, the need for implementation of which is particularly relevant for the mutual recognition of PPP test results at their registration in Ukraine and European countries. Key words: plant protection products, registration, Good Laboratory Practice, Good Experimental Practice, Good Agricultural Practice, field studies, standard operating procedures.

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Dried Pig Manure from a Cogeneration Plant as a Fertilizer for Nitrate Vulnerable Zones

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones ◽

Juan Antolín-Rodríguez ◽

Carmen Bravo-Sánchez ◽

Jesús Martín-Gil ◽

Pablo Martín-Ramos

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Pig Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Good Agricultural Practice ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Vulnerable Zones

Nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZs) are areas considered to be at high risk of water pollution due to an excess of nitrates and, according to European regulations, codes of good agricultural practice are to be implemented by farmers, such as reducing doses of the applied fertilizers, or the use of fertilizers that minimize nitrate leaching. In this work, the influence of organic fertilization with dried pig manure (DPM) as compared to mineral fertilization with ammonium sulfate nitrate with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate nitrification inhibitor was studied in a barley crop planted in a NVZ in Fompedraza (Valladolid, Spain). Organic and mineral fertilizers were applied at different rates (85, 133 and 170 kg N·ha−1·year−1 vs. 90 and 108 kg N·ha−1·year−1, respectively) over a three-year period, in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four blocks. DPM-based fertilization resulted in a 65% increase in crop yield as compared to the control soil, reaching 1800 kg·ha−1 for an application rate of 85 kg N·ha−1·year−1. Higher DPM rates were found to increase the electrical conductivity and assimilable phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and organic matter contents, but did not lead to yield enhancements. Final nitrate and ammonium concentrations were lower than 10 mg·kg−1 and 20 mg·kg−1, respectively, and no increase in soil salinity or heavy metal pollution was observed. DPM fertilization should be supplemented with small doses of inorganic fertilizers to obtain crop yields similar to those attained with mineral fertilization.

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Degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and some of their metabolites: A long-term lysimeter experiment

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/803/2018-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea Schuhmann ◽

Gernot Klammler ◽

Stefan Weiss ◽

Oliver Gans ◽

Johann Fank ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Fate And Transport ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Lysimeter Experiment ◽

Good Agricultural Practice ◽

Higher Doses

The degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and their metabolites N-methyl-bentazone, desethyl-terbuthylazine, 2-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) were investigated using the plant protection products Artett (bentazone/terbuthylazine), Gardo Gold (S-metolachlor/terbuthylazine) and Dual Gold (S-metolachlor) applied to a weighable, monolithic, high precision lysimeter with a loamy, sandy soil. Artett and Gardo Gold were applied at higher doses than recommended according to good agricultural practice. In leachate, S-metolachlor was detected at concentrations of up to 0.15 µg/L, whereas metolachlor-ESA and metolachlor-OA were present at higher concentrations of up to 37 µg/L and 8.4 µg/L, respectively. In a second terbuthylazine application, concentrations of desethyl-terbuthylazine of up to 0.1 µg/L were detected. In soil, bentazone degraded faster than terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor, whereas the metabolization of terbuthylazine after the second application resulted in an enhanced formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine and a highly increased hydroxylation of terbuthylazine. The importance of analysing both parent compounds and metabolites on a long-term scale was demonstrated to better understand the environmental fate and transport.

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Quantitative Relationship of Application Rate and Pesticide Residues in Greenhouse Tomatoes

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/83.1.214 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 214-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stanisław Sadło

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Quantitative Relationship ◽

Application Rate ◽

Quantitative Relation ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Good Agricultural Practice ◽

Average Residue ◽

Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract The association between application rate of a pesticide and its residue in ripe tomatoes was studied. The average residue level (R) of any pesticide in ripe tomatoes remained in quantitative relation to its dose (D), expressed by the following regression equation: R = 0.24 D (mg/kg), where the numerical factor, 0.24, represents the average residue in mg/kg after application of 1 kg active ingredient per hectare with relative standard deviation of 23%. Quantitative association between these 2 factors enables evaluation of greenhouse tomato growers with respect to their observation of Good Agricultural Practice rules and the Plant Protection Act, obligatory in Poland since 1996, and thus may be a reliable basis for the registration of new agrochemicals.

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Examinations of potential environmental friendly materials against tomato and pepper patogens

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/14/4/1533 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

Author(s):

A. Tóbiás ◽

J. Lehoczki-Tornai ◽

Z. Szalai ◽

L. Csambalik ◽

A. Ferenczy

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Good Effect ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Germination Ability ◽

Wine Vinegar ◽

Good Agricultural Practice

In organic farming systems the focus is on prevention with regards to plant protection. To follow the rules of Good Agricultural Practice one is able to avoid serious yield losses; if it is not possible the use of allowed materials are permitted. Organic farmers have less material to protect their plants so it is necessary to find effective potential materials. Bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato and pepper can cause serious losses in yield. Different materials were tested against some plant pathogen bacterial (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and fungal (Phytoptora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotium) strains in order to find potential materials in the field of organic seed treatment. In vitro trials have shown that vinegar, cider vinegar, red wine vinegar, white wine vinegar, cinnamon and thyme oil have inhibiting effect against the causative agent of bacteria and fungi. Germination test has shown that examined vinegar types do not decrease germination ability if the concentration is low, but in higher (more than 5%) concentration it ruins the germination ability. Even in 0,5% concentration of red — and white vine vinegar have good effect on germination capacity.

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Adoption of Good Agricultural Practice to Increase Yield and Profit of Ginger Farming in Nepal

Journal of Horticultural Research ◽

10.2478/johr-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Rudra Baral ◽

Bishnu Prasad Kafle ◽

Dinesh Panday ◽

Jiban Shrestha ◽

Doohong Min

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Community Based Participatory Research ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Farm Income ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Traditional Practice ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Good Agricultural Practice ◽

Production Technologies

Abstract Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the major high-value cash crops in Nepal. Low yield, conventional farming, and limited access to production resources such as improved cultivars, production technologies, and extension services are the existing problems of Nepali ginger farmers. In this study, we conducted community based-participatory research in Ilam district, Nepal, in 2015–2017. This research aimed to explore the appropriate ginger farming technology considering yield, income, and environment. We compared the effect of four different ginger production technologies on ginger yield and net farm income that include: i) traditional practice with mother rhizome harvest, ii) traditional practice without mother rhizome harvest, iii) good agricultural practice (GAP) with mother rhizome harvest, and iv) GAP without mother rhizome harvest. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The yield of ginger under GAP and without mother rhizome harvest was observed 17.9 t·ha−1, which was 39.8% higher than the farmers’ existing practices and 45.5% higher than the national average. The cost of production was almost the same in all treatments; however, the GAP with mother rhizome-harvested treatment gave the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.5) along with the maximum net farm income ($2072.6·ha−1·year−1). Thus, we suggest ginger producers adopting GAP rules to obtain a higher yield and harvesting mother rhizomes earlier for obtaining maximum profit. The GAP rules will additionally protect the environment. This study also suggests policymakers and related stakeholders promoting GAP as a sustainable production technology in agriculture-based countries like Nepal.

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Optimasi Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Keragaan Tanaman Jeruk Keprok Borneo Prima (Citrus reticulata cv. Borneo Prima) melalui Pemangkasan dan Pemupukan

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.5.2.95-103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Resa Sri Rahayu ◽

Roedhy Poerwanto

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Block Design ◽

Citrus Reticulata ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Area Index ◽

Good Agricultural Practice ◽

Two Factors ◽

Four Levels

ABSTRACTMandarin citrus cv. Borneo Prima is superior local commodity that needs to be expaned for reduction of citrus import. Development of the commodity needs to follow good agricultural practice to optimize growth. The objectives of this research were to optimize vegetative growth and treearchitecture of mandarin citrus cv. Borneo Prima by various dosages of nitrogen fertilizer and pruning. This research used Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was various dosage of nitrogen fertilizer consisting of four levels: 0 g (P0), 10 g (P1), 20 g (P2), and 30 g (P3). The second factor was pruning shape consisting of three levels: no pruning (K1), open center pruning (K2), and hedge pruning (K3). The results showed that dosages of nitrogen fertilizer did not give significant effect variables of vegetative growth and plant architecture except for Leaf Area Index (LAI). Pruning had significant effect to variables of vegetative growth and plant architecture. Hedge pruning and open center pruning were significantly different from no pruning treatment on tree architecture’s by expanding canopy surface to absorb sunlight. Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer dosages and pruning shapes were not significant.Keywords: canopy surface, hegde pruning, mandarin citrus cv. Borneo Prima, vegetatif growth ABSTRAKJeruk keprok Borneo Prima merupakan komoditas lokal unggulan yang perlu dikembangkan sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi impor jeruk. Pengembangan jeruk ini harus memperhatikan teknik budi daya yang baik untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan keragaan tanaman jeruk keprok Borneo Prima melalui berbagai dosis pupuk nitrogen dan bentuk pemangkasan. Kegiatan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk nitrogen yang terdiri atas empat taraf: 0 g (P0), 10 g (P1), 20 g (P2), dan 30 g (P3)pertanaman. Faktor kedua adalah bentuk pemangkasan yang terdiri atas tiga taraf: tanpa pemangkasan (K1), pangkas terbuka tengah (K2), dan pangkas pagar (K3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis pupuk nitrogen tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peubahpeubah pertumbuhan vegetatif dan keragaan tanaman kecuali Indeks Luas Daun (ILD). Bentuk pemangkasan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peubah-peubah pertumbuhan vegetatif dan keragaan tanaman. Perlakuan pangkas pagar dan pangkas terbuka tengah berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan tanpa pemangkasan terhadap bentuk keragaan tanaman dengan memperluas permukaan kanopi untuk menyerap cahaya matahari. Tidak ada interaksi antara dosis pupuk nitrogen dan bentuk pemangkasan.Kata kunci: jeruk keprok Borneo Prima, pangkas pagar, permukaan kanopi, pertumbuhan vegetatif, pangkas terbuka tengah

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Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.01.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Pylypenko ◽

K. Kalatur

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Control Measures ◽

Heterodera Schachtii ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Germplasm Exchange ◽

Good Agricultural Practice

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30, Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.

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Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i830314 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

S. Pradhan ◽

F. H. Rahman ◽

S. Sethy ◽

G. Pradhan ◽

J. Sen

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

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Existence of entomopathogen fungi, Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cacao seedlings

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.173 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 186-195

Author(s):

Endang Sulistyowati ◽

Febrilia Nur AINI

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Agent ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Pod Borer ◽

Fungal Entomopathogens ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fungal Entomopathogen

Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogen fungi which is known as biological control agent of cocoa pod borer and cocoa mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Because of its effectiveness in the fields is still not consistent, so we conduct a research with the objective to know the possibility of Beauveria bassiana to be established as a endophyte. Various fungal entomopathogens have already been reported as endophytes and the various methods used to inoculate the plants with B. bassiana were partially effective. The research has been conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute by inoculating of cocoa seeds and cocoa nursery with B. bassiana suspension. The trial was arranged by randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. The factor were spore concentration of B. bassiana (0; 2; and 4 g/ 10 l) and cocoa varieties (family of ICS 60, TSH858, and hybrid). The trial were use four replications. The results showed that the fungal entomopathogen B. bassiana was established as an endophyte in cocoa seedling, both from cocoa seeds and nursery application. Percentage of existence of B. bassiana colonies as endophytes one month after seeds application were ICS 60 amounted to 93.3 % both on concentration treatments, while the families of TSH 858 by 80 % and 86.67 % respectively in 2 g and 4 g per 10 l of B. bassiana spores concentration treament.. The lowest percentage was in hybrids, which amounted to 66.67% and 50%. B. bassiana colonies was exixtence as an endophyte in culture from root, stem and leaves of cocoa seedling up to 5 months post inoculation. While the application on nursery by soil drenshing, leaf spraying, and stem injection , it was known that B. bassiana colonies were found in the tissues of leaves, stems, and roots until two months after application. Colonies of B. bassiana as endophytes still exsist until six weeks after nursery was planted in the field.

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