Refraining from Intrusive Thoughts is Strategy Dependent: A Comment on Sugiura, et al. and a Preliminary Informal Test of Detached Mindfulness, Acceptance, and other Strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wells ◽  
Panagiotis Roussis
Keyword(s):  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Catastrophic Thinking ◽  
Is Strategy ◽  
Detached Mindfulness

The control of cognition is fundamental to psychological well being. One dimension recently explored by Sugiura, Sugiura and Tanno (2013) is the perceived ability to refrain from catastrophic thinking—a construct that could be a marker of several factors. The current paper recommends deeper consideration in terms of metacognitive theory and exemplifies this by testing the effect of a strategy that focuses on abstaining from processes (detached mindfulness) vs. transforming content (acceptance, brief exposure). Fifty-six participants ( M age = 21.5 yr., range = 18–42) were randomly assigned to detached mindfulness, acceptance, exposure, or a control group before watching a stressful film that induced intrusive images. Afterwards, they engaged in their respective strategies for 5 min. and the frequency of intrusive images was rated. Detached mindfulness was the only manipulation that was associated with a statistically significant lower frequency of intrusions than the control condition. It is argued that assessment of perceived skills to refrain from thinking should be conceptualized within a metacognitive framework that distinguish process- and content-oriented strategies and address the question: When is a strategy a true refrain?

Yoga as a Preventive Health Care Program for White and Black Elders: An Exploratory Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Black Elders

A ten-week yoga program was implemented with sixty-one white and forty-five low-income black elders at two community sites, along with a pretest-posttest control group research design with random assignment at each site. White elders attended class regularly, practiced yoga on their own on a daily basis, improved psychological well-being, and lowered their systolic blood pressure level, in comparison to a control group. Black elders, on the other hand, attended the once-a-week class regularly but did not practice on their own on a daily basis. Thus, they did not improve psychological well-being nor reduce blood pressure level in comparison to a control group. Social analysts suggest that low-income minority elders need more frequent contact with structured leadership in order to adhere to a daily routine that may lead to psychological and physical change. Other directions for controlled follow-up studies are suggested.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Queen’s Parenting Program on Psychological Well-Being of Pre-School Children with Neuropsychological/Developmental Learning Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Ebrahimi ◽  
Ahmad Abedi ◽  
Ahmad Yarmohammadian ◽  
Salar Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
School Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Developmental Learning ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Queen’s Parenting Program on psychological well-being of pre-school children with neuropsychological/developmental learning disability (NDLD). The population included all pre-school children with (NDLD). To conduct the research, using the stratified random sampling, 40 children with inclusion criteria were selected and then randomly put in the experimental and control groups. To collect data, the Wechsler Pre-school and primary Scale Intelligence (WPPSI) and Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Pre-school (BREIEF-P) for determining the inclusion criteria and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) for measuring psychological well-being were used. The results of analyzing data using ANCOVA and MANOVA indicated that psychological wellbeing and its dimensions improved significantly in children of the experimental group in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, Queen’s program is effective on the psychological wellbeing of children with pre-school children with neuropsychological/developmental learning disability.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Quality of Perceptual Marital Relationship and Psychological Well-being of Women with Addicted Wife

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1.SP) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Masoumeh GHARIBBOLUK ◽  
Soghra HOSSEINZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Mindfulness Training on Quality of Perceptual Marital Relationship and Psychological Well-being of Women with Addicted Wife.Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest and 3 months follow up, with a control group. Among the population of Women with Addicted Wife, twenty Women with Addicted Wife (10 persons in experimental group, 10 persons in control group) were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 session (2 hours for each) of positive thinking training. For data collection, Fletcher Perceived Quality of Marital Relationship Scale and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire were used.Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for analyzing the data. The results showed the Mindfulness Training was effective on the quality of marital relationship and psychological well-being among Women with Addicted Wife. Also, the training was effective in a 3 months follow up.Conclusion: Therefore, Mindfulness Training skills can be used in prevention actions.

Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of depression in persons with physical disability: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 938-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zemestani ◽  
Sharmin Mozaffari
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depressive symptoms in physically disabled persons. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: State welfare organization in Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Iran. Participants: Fifty-two physically disabled participants with a primary diagnosis of depression were randomly assigned to either ACT or control groups. Interventions: Participants in the ACT group ( n = 23) received eight weekly 90-minute group sessions based on standard ACT protocol for depression. Participants in the control group ( n = 29) received psychoeducation regarding depression. Main measures: Measures were recorded at baseline, eight weeks (end of treatment), and 16 weeks (follow-up). The outcomes were the change in the depressive symptoms, measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being measured by Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), respectively. Results: After eight weeks, significant changes in depressive symptoms was observed in the experimental group (ACT –10.39 ± 0.79 vs control 0.66 ± 0.68, P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the experimental group also showed significant improvement in psychological flexibility (ACT 8.13 ± 0.52 vs control –0.03 ± 0.51, P < 0.001), adaptive emotion regulation strategies (ACT 10.74 ± 0.62 vs control 0.03 ± 1.03, P < 0.001), and psychological well-being (ACT 66.95 ± 4.01 vs control –1.90 ± 1.04, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared with control group, ACT significantly reduced the participants’ depression, and changed psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being in persons with physical disability.

scholarly journals Beyond the Wall: Death Education at Middle School as Suicide Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Testoni ◽  
Elisa Tronca ◽  
Gianmarco Biancalani ◽  
Lucia Ronconi ◽  
Giovanna Calapai
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Death Education ◽  
Middle School Children ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Emotional Competency ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
Experimental Group

This study investigates the psychological effects of participation in Death Education (DeEd) by middle school children in two towns in northeast Italy in which suicides occur to a greater extent than in the rest of the region. The aims of the project “Beyond the Wall” were inherent to the prevention of suicide, address existential issues and enhance the meaning of life through positive intentions for the future and reflection on mortality. It involved eight classes (150 students in four classes in the experimental group; 81 in four classes in the control group) engaging with films, workgroup activities, photovoice and psychodrama. The constructs of resilience, emotional competency and psychological well-being were monitored with the Resilience Scale for Adolescents, the Hopelessness Scale for Children, the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children and the Stirling Children’s Well-being Scale. The DeEd intervention was found to be significantly related to some of the variables investigated, improving the students’ ability to recognise emotions and communicate them verbally while maintaining stable initial characteristics, such as psychological well-being and positive expectations for the future.

Respiratory, Physical, and Psychological Benefits of Breath-Focused Yoga for Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Brief Pilot Study Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Silverthorne ◽  
Sat Bir Khalsa ◽  
Robin Gueth ◽  
Nicole DeAvilla ◽  
Janie Pansini
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Severe Tbi

Objective: This pilot study was designed to identify the potential benefits of breath-focused yoga on respiratory, physical, and psychological functioning for adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: Ten individuals with severe TBI who self-selected to attend weekly yoga classes and 4 no-treatment controls were evaluated. Methods: Participants were assessed at pretreatment baseline and at 3-month intervals for a total of 4 time points over 40 weeks. Outcomes of interest included observed exhale strength, ability to hold a breath or a tone, breathing rate, counted breaths (inhale and exhale), and heart rate, as well as self-reported physical and psycho-logical well-being. Results: Repeated within-group analyses of variance revealed that the yoga group demonstrated significant longitudinal change on several measures of observed respiratory functioning and self-reported physical and psychological well-being over a 40-week period. Those in the control group showed marginal improvement on 2 of the 6 measures of respiratory health, physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, and general health. The small sample sizes precluded the analysis of between group differences. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that breath-focused yoga may improve respiratory functioning and self-perceived physical and psychological well-being of adults with severe TBI.

scholarly journals The Effect of Happiness Training on Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Thalassemia Major

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Sargolzaei ◽  
Milad G. Shirsavar ◽  
Jasem Allahyari ◽  
Ali Bazi ◽  
Abolghasem P. Nasirabady
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Thalassemia major (TM) is a chronic hematological disease that can have deep effects on patients’ mental health and psychological well-being. So, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of happiness training on the psychological well-being of TM patients. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pre/post-test design was performed on 52 patients with TM in Zabol city (Iran) from August to December 2020. The patients were randomly categorized into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, happiness training was performed in eight sessions, each for 60 minutes. The control group received routine care. The data collection tool was the Ryff's Scale of Psychological Well-being (RSPWB). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical software using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (paired and independent t-test) statistics. Results: Regarding the psychological well-being score at the pre-test stage, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention (74.92 ± 6.36) and control (74.57 ± 5.83) groups (p = 0.83). After the intervention; however, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of psychological well-being (p <0.001). Also, a statistically significant difference was seen comparing the psychological well-being score between the pre- and post-intervention phases in the experimental (p = 0.01) but not control (p = 0.12) group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that happiness training improved TM patients’ psychological well-being. Therefore, this type of training can be used as an appropriate educational strategy to improve psychological well-being in these patients.Keywords: Happiness; Education; Mental Health; Thalassemia.

scholarly journals Does Reflection on Everyday Events Enhance Meaning in Life and Well-Being among Emerging Adults? Self-Efficacy as Mediator between Meaning in Life and Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9714
Author(s):  
Natalia Czyżowska ◽  
Ewa Gurba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Meaning In Life Questionnaire ◽  
Experimental Group

In recent years, the issue of the meaning in life has aroused particularly great interest in researchers considering the question of whether and how, using simple interventions, outside the therapeutic office, the sense of meaning in life and well-being can be strengthened. The aim of this study was to explore whether interventions based on reflection on everyday, stressful situations can contribute to fostering the sense of meaning in life and psychological well-being among emerging adults. Additionally, we aimed to explore relationships between the above-mentioned constructs and self-efficacy. The research focuses on emerging adults, who, as statistics show, are the most vulnerable among all adults to various mental problems. A pretest–posttest control group design was used. The study involved 80 emerging adults (56 women and 24 men) who were randomly assigned to the experimental group, which completed specially prepared diaries for a week, or the control group. Participants completed the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being twice. In the experimental group, significant differences were noted between pretest and posttest in psychological well-being, especially in the area of relationships with others (Mpretest = 59.3; Mposttest = 65.07; t(39) = −11.40; p = 0.001) and purpose in life (Mpretest = 54.85; Mposttest = 58.21; t(39) = −3.15; p = 0.003), as well as self-efficacy (Mpretest = 28.06; Mposttest = 29.60; t(39) = −2.82; p = 0.007). There were no differences in the level of meaning in life. The analysis carried out showed that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between presence of meaning in life and psychological well-being (the Aroian test: z = 4.48; SE = 0.11; p = 0.0007).

scholarly journals ART THERAPY IN SEARCH FOR LIFE MEANINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-445
Author(s):  
E.A. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Therapy Program

An art therapy exercise program is posed in the article. The author has proven the effectiveness of the art therapy program for a person's search for life meanings. Study participants are 59 women aged 18 to 20 years (M=18,63; Std.=0,72), who noticed various manifestations of the state of meaning loss (apathy, emptiness, boredom, etc.). Standardized psychological diagnostic techniques were used in the research. The first psychological diagnostic technique was the test of life-meaning orientations by D. Crumbot and L. Makholik in adaptation of D.A. Leont’ev). This test allows to identify the life guidelines of a person. The second psychological diagnostic technique was the methodology "Scale of psychological well-being" by K. Riff in adaptation of L.V. Zhukovskaya, E.G. Troshikhina. This methodology was used to measure the level of psychological well-being, which was a subjective indicator of the effectiveness of the art therapy program. The empirical base of the study was made up of two groups of respondents. The first group was experimental (E-group, N=25; M=18,50; Std.=0,60), the second one was a control group (С-group, N=22; M=18,76; Std.=0,72). The author used descriptive statistics, difference reliability analysis method (Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test), correlation analysis by the r-Spearman method. The effectiveness of the developed art therapy program was confirmed for a person's search for life meanings by the results of an empirical research. The indicators of life-meaning orientations and psychological well-being increased, the strength and intensity between both indicators increased because of the strengthening of the creative activity of the person, which contributed to the deep awareness of the participants in the process of their life experience, significant connections with other people and the world in general, fixation on creative images and immersion in personal meanings that filled these creative images.

Marital Disruption and Psychological Well-Being

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM J. DOHERTY ◽  
SUSAN SU ◽  
RICHARD NEEDLE
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Psychological

This study offers prospective data on the psychological well-being of men and women before and after a marital separation, in comparison with a control group who remained married during the same period. Data were gathered as part of the Minnesota Family Health Study on a primarily middle-class White sample. Primary variables were current psychological well-being, self-esteem, mastery, substance use, and family income. Findings were quite different for men and women. Prior to separation, men in the disrupted group had lower psychological well-being scores than the continuously married group had, but showed no declines in any of the measures in the follow-up period. Separated women scored lower than did women from continuing marriages on psychological well-being prior to the separation, and they declined further afterwards. Separated women also increased their use of alcohol and other substances, and experienced a decline in family income. Findings are discussed in terms of the social causation hypothesis and the social selection hypothesis for understanding the relationship between divorce and mental health in adults.

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