Low Oxygen Tension and Discrimination Reversal

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Ralph Gunter ◽  
Edwin T. Wright ◽  
W. Jann Brown ◽  
Eleanor R. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deprivation ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
Reversal Performance ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

An experimental group of 9 cats were trained to a visual form discrimination; the valences of the stimuli were then reversed and the cats were subjected to various levels of oxygen deprivation after which they were tested for retention and reversal performance. A normal control group ( N = 9) were trained identically to the experimental group but were not subjected to hypoxia. 10 naive cats constituted the post-hypoxia new-learning group. It was found that 70 min. of oxygen deprivation had a significant effect on retention and reversal performance; one exposure had no observable effect on either function. No differential effects were found on retention or new learning as measured by either retention new-learning or reversal-reversal comparisons.

Treating learning impairments improves memory performance in multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy D Chiaravalloti ◽  
John DeLuca ◽  
Nancy B Moore ◽  
Joseph H Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

This randomized clinincal trial utilized established techniques to improve new learning and memory performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) participants with learning impairment. Participants were 29 individuals with clinincally definite MS with documented learning deficits, randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of the Story Memory Technique (SMT), while the control group participated in eight sessions of memory exercises. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted at baseline, immediately following treatment and 5 weeks later to assess outcome. When stratifying participants by degree of learning deficits, a significant treatment effect was noted. MS participants with moderate-severe impairment in learning showed a significant improvement in learning abilities when compared to controls, (t(19)-3.32, P<0.01) evident in 88% of participants in the experimental group. Little improvement was noted in MS participants with mild learning impairments. Significant self-reported improvements in memory were noted in MS participants that underwent treatment, but not those that did not undergo treatment (t(26)-2.55, P<0.01). Results indicate that learning and memory deficits in MS can be effectively treated through a memory rehabilitation program utilizing context and imagery to improve new learning. Appropriate patient selection is important, with moderately-severely impaired individuals showing significantly greater benefit from treatment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Koperatif Tipe Investigasi Kelompok Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pkn Siswa Kelas VI SD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Mandriani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Conventional Teaching ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to determine the differences in learning outcomes between students who take the Civics with cooperative learning strategies and investigations group of students who take lessons with conventional teaching model in class VI students of SD Negeri 2 Datah, Abang, Karangasem academic year 2016/2017.This research is a quasi experimental study . The study populationwas all students of class XI of  SD Negeri 2 Datah Karangasem academic year 2016/2017 , amounting to 115 people . The study sample is a class VI student of  SD N 2 Datah which were 25 students of class VI. Data on students' learning outcomes Civics obtained through a written test conducted at the end of the lesson . The data obtained were then collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics (test ).Based on the analysis of data , obtained thit = 13.20 and ttab ( at significance level of 5 % ) = 2.00. Obtained average (x) count , the experimental group was 26.9 and the control group was 16.73 . This means that the experimental > control , so it can be concluded that the model of learning group investigastion  affect learning outcomes Civics class VI students of  SD N 2 Datah regency of Karangasem

Effects of Relaxation Training on Cursive Handwriting of Fourth Grade Students

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Jackson ◽  
Howard Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Cursive Handwriting ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

A relaxation method for handwriting improvement was examined. The experimental and no-treatment control groups were composed of 10 students receiving a poor rating on handwriting characteristics and the normal control group of 10 was composed of students receiving average ratings. All three groups received nine trials of writing. Only the experimental group received relaxation training during each trial. The handwriting of the experimental group improved significantly while that of the no-treatment control group remained the same. Although the handwriting of the normal control group also improved significantly, at posttest they were no longer significantly different from the experimental group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Blended Learning on EFL Students’ Grammar Performance and Attitudes: An Investigation of Moodle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleel Bader Al Bataineh ◽  
Ala’Eddin Abdullah Ahmed Banikalef ◽  
Abeer H. Albashtawi
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Empowering new generations with technology through employing blended learning approach to teach English as a Foreign Language has been recently investigated by many researchers in various contexts. This mixed-methods study aimed at examining the effects of the blended learning approach on Jordanian EFL learners’ grammar performance. The study also aimed at investigating the attitudes of Jordanian EFL learners toward blended learning. To achieve the objectives of the study, it employed a quasi-experimental design (pre and posttests) followed by qualitative interviews. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. Among the 28 students in the sample, those in the experimental blended learning group (n=13) were taught using Moodle while those in the control group (n=15) were taught using conventional methods. All the 13 participants in the experimental group were interviewed. The results of the posttest revealed that students in the experimental group outperformed students in the control group. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis results showed that blended learning had a positive impact on the learners’ English grammar performance and that they were strongly satisfied and motivated to learn English using similar methods. It is concluded that blended learning could be used as an effective method of teaching English grammar in EFL settings. It is hoped that these results will help the university, faculty, and students to develop the skills necessary for blended learning.

scholarly journals Antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of medicated thread moxibustion combined with Shujin Jiannao granule in the treatment of HFMD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Effectiveness Rate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective To investigate antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of medicated thread moxibustion combined with Shujin Jiannao granule in the treatment of HFMD. Methods A total of 124 children with HFMD were collected to divided into western medicine group (62 cases) and experimental group(62 cases) while 62 healthy children were enrolled to become normal control group. Western medicine group was treated according to conventional therapy while experimental group was treated with combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine. To determine serum levels of S100B, NSE, CRP and WBC and observe the clinical effectiveness. Results In the western medicine group the total effectiveness rate is 88.7% while it is 96.8% in the experimental group（P<0.05）; the average disappearance time of symptoms are shorter in the experimental group than that in the western medicine group（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group，the serum levels of S100B, NSE, CRP and WBC all rise in HFMD children（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. After treatment , the serum levels of S100B, NSE, CRP and WBC reduce in both the experimental group and the western medicine group, when compared with that before treatment.The difference is statistically significant（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. 

Intestinal Absorption and Tissue Retention of Cadmium and Calcium in Normal Adult Rats and Rats Given an Active Metabolite of Vitamin D (1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol)

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
R. Lorentzon ◽  
S.-E. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

1. Nine-months-old male rats were divided into a normal control group and one experimental group which received eight daily intraperitoneal injections of 15 pmol of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/100 g body weight. After 5 days, 20 μCi of 109CdCl2 or 20 μCi of 45CaCl2 was administered by stomach tube. The intestinal absorption and tissue retention of the radioisotopes were analysed during the next 3 days, the animals being kept in metabolic cages. 2. The administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol caused significantly increased net absorption of intestinal calcium, hypercalcaemia and increased incorporation of calcium into bone. In comparison, there was no significant effect on the intestinal absorption of trace doses of cadmium or upon the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys.

scholarly journals Impact of 24-hour hypoxia on hemocyte functions of Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
E. S. Kladchenko ◽  
A. Yu. Andreyeva ◽  
T. A. Kukhareva ◽  
V. N. Rychkova ◽  
A. A. Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Anadara Kagoshimensis ◽  
Predominant Cell Type ◽  
Shellfish Farms ◽  
Experimental Group

Shellfish farms are usually located in coastal areas, where molluscs can be exposed to hypoxia. Cultivating at low oxygen levels causes general disruptions of growth rate, outbreaks of diseases, and mollusc mortality. Impact of short-term hypoxia on hemocyte functions of ark clam (Anadara kagoshimensis) was investigated by flow cytometry. A control group was incubated at 6.7–6.8 mg O2·L−1, an experimental one – at 0.4–0.5 mg O2·L−1. Exposition lasted for 24 hours. Hypoxia was created by blowing seawater in shellfish tanks with nitrogen gas. In ark clam hemolymph, 2 groups of hemocytes were identified on the basis of arbitrary size and arbitrary granularity: granulocytes (erythrocytes) and agranulocytes (amebocytes). Erythrocytes were the predominant cell type in A. kagoshimensis hemolymph, amounting for more than 90 %. No significant changes in cellular composition of ark clam hemolymph were observed. The production of reactive oxygen species and hemocyte mortality in the experimental group also remained at control level. The results of this work indicate ark clam tolerance to hypoxia.

scholarly journals The effect of using tribal summaries of previous requirements on the development of educational attainment of second year secondary students in Biology subject in the Tabuk region: أثر استخدام الملخصات القبلية للمتطلبات السابقة على تنمية التحصيل العلمي لطلاب الصف الثاني الثانوي في مادة الأحياء بمنطقة تبوك

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
pp. 107-89
Author(s):  
Dhafer A Al-Qarni Dhafer A Al-Qarni
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Study Unit

This study aimed at analyze the content of biology books for the secondary and intermediate stages to reveal the periods of interruption in presenting concepts related to the digestive system, endocrine glands and nutrition, and to provide a summary of these concepts before the process of teaching them. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher chose two secondary schools in an intentional manner and chose (98) students from them random manner, distributed among two divisions from each school, one experimental and the other as a control group. The members of the experimental group studied using the tribal summaries of the previous requirements, while the members of the control group studied in the traditional way. The researcher conducted an achievement test for the two groups. The results of the study showed that there was a break in teaching these concepts for more than 30 months, and also showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the control group in the achievement test. Based on these results, the study recommends taking into account the principles of sequencing and continuity in teaching biology concepts in general, and the need to provide a summary before each study unit or lesson that addresses the previous concepts necessary for new learning.

scholarly journals Body scheme in rats Rattus norvegicus

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Khvatov ◽  
A.Yu. Sokolov ◽  
A.N. Kharitonov ◽  
K.N. Kulichenkova
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Body Scheme ◽  
Cylindrical Object ◽  
New Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Experimental Group

Body schemata of rats Rattus norvegicus were studied using a procedure according to which the animals had to take into account the enlarged boundaries of their bodies. Rats of experimental and control groups were trained to get the bait putting the head through the hole of a certain size. Then the boundary of the body of rats of the experimental group was increased using a small cylindrical object mounted on the crown of their heads to prevent putting through the hole. For the control group rats, the size of the hole through which the animals have been trained to take the bait was reduced to prevent the penetration of the rat’s head. In the subsequent experimental series, the arrangement of the holes was varied. It is shown that, with the increased boundaries of the body, the rats are capable of forming a new learning adequate to situation change, which was reflected in the reliable reduction of the time for solving the problem by the end of each series and the reduced number of unsuccessful attempts. Rats of the experimental group also showed the ability to transfer previously gained experience to the new situation, when the location of the holes in the box was changed. The data suggest that the rats are able to modify the body scheme in accordance to change in its physical boundaries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Blended Learning on Academic Achievement and Attitudes at Social Studies Courses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Barış Çiftçi
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

As a result of scientific and technological developments reflection, improvements on education science moved from teacher centered to student and learning centered system. Learning concept is not only seen a at schools and some learning centers but in all areas and places of life. The aim of this study is to search the achievement and persistency of blended learning method at social studies lesson. With the empirical method used at research, the impact of independent variable examined on experimental group is blended learning method. The independent variable used at control group is face to face learning method. The impact of same dependent variable has been searched on experimental and control group. As a dependent variable the results of social studies academic success test has been searched. For the determined dependent variables, between groups assessment has been applied according to pre-test and post-test scores. The experimental application of the research has been applied to 52 students at 7th grade. 26 students take place from experimental group and 26 students take place from control group. According to the findings, no difference has been found between pre-test scores. According to post test and persistency test a significant difference has been appeared in favor of experimental group which is blended learning method. According to repeated measures analyses results between pre-test and post-test, and between post-test and persistency test; comparison of pre-test and post-test, both effect the student achievement. But according to impact results; the effect of blended learning is larger. According to post-test and persistency score results; it came out that for the persistency of knowledge blended learning is more effective than face to face learning. According to the results of persistency test and final application which is a comparison of blended learning and face to face learning, blended learning group is more effective than face to face learning group. While face to face learning group final application score lessen 12 points, blended learning group score lessen 8 points. It can be confessed that according to the persistency of student achievement, blended learning method is more effective than face to face learning method.

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