Pupillary Changes during a Decision-Making Task

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Simpson ◽  
Shirley M. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Pupillary Dilation ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Experimental Group

The effects on pupil size of a simple decision-making task were examined. Ss were assigned to either an experimental group ( n = 7) or a yoked control group ( n = 7). Ss in the experimental group were given a 2-choice decision task and on each trial S was presented 2 alternative directions in which a lever could be moved. S had to decide the direction to move the lever and, subsequently, make the response. Ss in the control group received essentially the same task conditions except no decision was required, since S was told which direction to move the lever. Results showed significantly greater pupillary dilation during the decision period in the experimental group than in the control group and these findings were discussed in terms of cognitive load.

scholarly journals Effect of Flipped Teaching on Cognitive Load Level with Mobile Devices: The Case of a Graphic Design Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7092
Author(s):  
Yi-Chieh Chen ◽  
Kuo-Kuang Fan ◽  
Kwo-Ting Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Private University ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Experimental Group

Due to the emergence of computer education, AI education, the Internet of Things, big data, and technological wisdom, it is easy for students to be distracted when engaged in traditional education. Flipped teaching is a teaching strategy frequently used in colleges and universities. The focus of this research was conducted by a comparative analysis of the cognitive load between the experimental group and the control group through a quasi-experimental design for research with different learning methods and different classes. More specifically, flipped teaching was carried out with an experimental group, and traditional teaching a control group; they were observed at the same time, and 213 private university students participated in the experiment. The research proposes a practice of mixed teaching, carried out in a group communication behavior system, and enhancing the spirit of group interaction and learning through mobile devices. The core value of the research lies in (1) online learning, (2) group interaction, and (3) the learning load of the conceptual model. In addition, focus group interviews were used to provide feedback on participants’ cognition and emotions. The results indicate that there were differences in cognitive load between the two classes.

Interventi psicologici a sostegno dell'imprenditoria femminile: evidenze empiriche di efficacia nel contesto italiano

RISORSA UOMO ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 455-470
Author(s):  
Annamaria Di Fabio ◽  
Letizia Palazzeschi ◽  
Francesca Camilli ◽  
Antonio Raschi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Experimental Group

The present work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a competence assessment intervention for professional enterprising effected with entrepreneurs of the agriculture and textile craft sectors and carried out within the project Guidance Paths (Percorsi di orientamento), a three-year project supported by the Italian Ministry of Labour and the Social Policy. The study used an experimental group (55 participants) that received a competence assessment intervention and a control group (37 participants). The results showed a decrease in career decision-making difficulties and an increase in career decision- making self-efficacy in the experimental group suggesting the effectiveness of competence assessment for entrepreneurship of women.

scholarly journals Development and Effects of a Nursing Education Program Using Virtual Reality for Enhancing Clinical Decision-Making Ability in Respiratory Disease Nursing Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Min Jung Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simulation Education ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and examine the effects of a nursing education program using virtual reality to enhance clinical decision-making ability in respiratory disease nursing care by assessing students’ confidence in performance, clinical decision-making ability, practice flow, class evaluations, and simulation design evaluations.Methods: This study was developed based on the Jeffries simulation model and 5E learning cycle model, blending a virtual reality simulation and high-fidelity simulation. The participants were 41 third-year nursing students with no virtual reality and simulation education experience. The experimental group (n=21) received the virtual reality program, while the control group (n=20) received traditional simulation education. Data were collected from March 8 to May 28, 2021 and analyzed using SPSS version 27 for Windows.Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group post-intervention in confidence in performance (F=4.88, p=.33) and clinical decision-making ability (F=18.68, p＜.001). The experimental group showed significant increases in practice flow (t=2.34, p=.024) and class evaluations (t=2.99, p=.005) compared to the control group.Conclusion: Nursing education programs using virtual reality to enhance clinical decision-making ability in respiratory disease nursing care can be an effective educational strategy in the clinical context.

scholarly journals Effects of Depressive Symptoms, Feelings, and Interoception on Reward-Based Decision-Making: Investigation Using Reinforcement Learning Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi Ogishima ◽  
Shunta Maeda ◽  
Yuki Tanaka ◽  
Hironori Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: In this study, we examined the relationships between reward-based decision-making in terms of learning rate, memory rate, exploration rate, and depression-related subjective emotional experience, in terms of interoception and feelings, to understand how reward-based decision-making is impaired in depression. Methods: In all, 52 university students were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. To manipulate interoception, the participants in the experimental group were instructed to tune their internal somatic sense to the skin-conductance-response waveform presented on a display. The participants in the control group were only instructed to stay relaxed. Before and after the manipulation, the participants completed a probabilistic reversal-learning task to assess reward-based decision-making using reinforcement learning modeling. Similarly, participants completed a probe-detection task, a heartbeat-detection task, and self-rated scales. Results: The experimental manipulation of interoception was not successful. In the baseline testing, reinforcement learning modeling indicated a marginally-significant correlation between the exploration rate and depressive symptoms. However, the exploration rate was significantly associated with lower interoceptive attention and higher depressive feeling. Conclusions: The findings suggest that situational characteristics may be closely involved in reward exploration and highlight the clinically-meaningful possibility that intervention for affective processes may impact reward-based decision-making in those with depression.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Drug Prevention Education Program

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artie L. Kearney ◽  
Max H. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
National Model ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
The U.S

The study was designed to measure the effectiveness of a drug prevention education program in grades 2–6. With 935 students in the experimental group and 449 students in the control group, the results were as follows: (a) children in the experimental group significantly increased their feelings of self worth; (b) significantly increased their decision making abilities; (c) significantly increased their factual knowledge about drugs; and (d) improved their attitude towards use and misuse of drugs. As a result of this study, the U.S. Office of Education has recognized this program as a national model. Presently this program is being disseminated nationwide via the National Diffusion Network (NDN) and is being replicated by schools in twenty-five states.

Effect of Threat of Shock on Pupillary Response in a Problem-Solving Situation

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Polt
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Pupillary Dilation ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Threat Of Shock

2 groups of 7 Ss each were presented with 2 series of 3 multiplication problems which served as the problem-solving task. On the first series of problems Ss were run under identical conditions to establish response baselines between groups. On the second series of problems the experimental group was threatened with shock for an incorrect answer. Comparisons were made on response latency, correct responses, absolute pupil size, and pupillary dilation during problem solving. The only significant difference between groups was the degree of pupillary dilation while solving the second series of problems. The results are discussed within the context of the coping process under the threat of stress and are related to previous research on the pupillary response as a measure of mental activity.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of simulation education program on shared decision-making attitudes among nurses in Taiwan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257902
Author(s):  
Mei-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Shu-Chuan Lin ◽  
Yu-Hsia Lee ◽  
Pao-Yu Wang ◽  
Hon-Yen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Global Score ◽  
Simulation Education ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
Experimental Group

Background Shared decision-making (SDM) is significantly associated with promoting the quality of end-of-life (EOL). The attitude of nurses toward the end of life can affect EOL care, but there are few SDM-related clinical learning programs focused on EOL. In this study, therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of an EOL-simulation education program on attitudes toward SDM among nurses, using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Methods We used a quasi-experimental study design to evaluate nurses working at a medical center in Taiwan. We recruited 100 nurses and assigned them to an experimental group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). The experimental group received the SDM attitude (SDMA) cultivation program, and the control group did not. After the intervention, all participants were examined in an OSCE to assess the efficacy of their learning. A p value of.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The average score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in the dimensions “empathic communication” and “mastery learning”, but these differences were not significant. SDMA score is significantly and positively correlated with SDMA global score, standardized patient survey (SPS) score, and SPS global score (r = .92, .56, and .50, respectively; p < .01). Conclusions Simulations concerning EOL care that incorporate SDM components would be effective for training clinical nurses. This study can serve as a reference for nursing-administration managers who may consider designing SDM-related education programs to improve the quality of clinical nursing care.

scholarly journals Telling people where to look in a soccer-based decision task: A nomothetic approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bishop ◽  
Gustav Kuhn ◽  
Claire Maton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Nomothetic Approach

Research has shown that identifiable visual search patterns characterize skilled performance of anticipation and decision-making tasks in sport. However, to date, the use of experts’ gaze patterns to entrain novices’ performance has been confined to aiming activities. Accordingly, in a first experiment, 40 participants of varying soccer experience viewed static images of oncoming soccer players and attempted to predict the direction in which those players were about to move. Multiple regression analyses showed that the sole predictor of decision-making efficiency was the time taken to initiate a saccade to the ball. In a follow-up experiment, soccer novices undertook the same task as in Experiment 1. Two experimental groups were instructed to either look at the ball, or the player’s head, as quickly as possible; a control group received no instructions. The experimental groups were fastest to make a saccade to the ball or head, respectively, but decision-making efficiency was equivalent across all three groups. The fallibility of a nomothetic approach to training eye movements is discussed.

scholarly journals Training Effect Of Self Efficacy Of Career Decision Making Self Efficacy (CDMSE) And N-Ach On Student SMAN 01 Pasuruan East Java

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Hari Febriantomo ◽  
Suharnan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to test the effectiveness of self-efficacy training to improve confidence in making career decisions (CDMSE) and achievement motivation (N-Ach) in 60 high school students. Through experimental approaches, obtained by 30 students as the experimental group and 30 students as a control group. Data were collected through questionnaires tests before and after the test, which is then analyzed by t-test. As the results of pre-test and post-test on a scale CDMSE test for the experimental group obtained probability value of 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that the hypothesis of no effect of self-efficacy training to CDMSE acceptable. so that self-efficacy training gives pangaruh to decision making career in high school students to determine the level of studies. And the results of the analysis of pre test and post test N-Ach-scale test in the experimental group obtained probability value of 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that in the experimental group there are differences in the results of pre-test to post-test. So the hypothesis that there is the influence of self-efficacy training to N-ach proven.

scholarly journals Literature in the Garden Curriculum Effects on Life Skills of Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
A.W. Fleener ◽  
C.W. Robinson ◽  
J.D. Williams ◽  
M. Kraska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Master Gardener ◽  
Lee County ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Experimental Group

Children's gardens have recently been shown to increase life skills. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects that gardening/plant activities from the Junior Master Gardener curriculum, Literature in the Garden, have on children's life skills. The life skills examined were leadership, teamwork, self-understanding, decision-making skills, and communication skills. About 130 third-grade students from a Lee County, AL, school participated in the study. Students were equally divided into control and experimental groups, and each student was given the youth life skills inventory (YLSI) as a pre- and posttest. The experimental group participated in eight gardening/plant activities after the pretest, whereas the control group did not complete the activities. No significant differences were found between pretests and posttests for teamwork, self-understanding, decision making, communication, and overall life skills. Significant decreases from pretest to posttest were found on leadership skills for the experimental group. Several trends were observed with students who read more for fun, read more each week, and read more garden books generally increasing in life skills.

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