Socio-Economic Status and Post-Trauma Intelligence in Children with Severe Head Injuries

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Woo-Sam ◽  
Irla Lee Zimmerman ◽  
Joyce D. Brink ◽  
Katherine Uyehara ◽  
Allan R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Class Group ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Subnormal Level ◽  
Determining Factor

Study of 46 severely head-injured children suggests that the degree of intellectual recovery post-trauma is best predicted by the age at injury. These younger children generally fared less well than older children. However, socio-economic affiliation also was a determining factor. The majority of younger children were from the lower socio-economic class and proportionately more younger than older children of lower-class affiliation functioned at the subnormal level. In contrast, for the middle-class group proportionally as many younger as older children functioned at the subnormal level.

A Study on the Transportation Mode Choice Behaviour of Individuals With Different Socio-Economic Status

2018 ◽  
pp. 476-493
Author(s):  
Arun Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transportation Mode Choice

This chapter presents a study on the transportation mode choice behaviour of individuals with different socio-economic status. A previously developed system dynamics model has been adopted by differentiating the population mass into upper, middle, and lower classes. The simulation experiments with the model revealed that generally the upper class individuals would be more inclined to use a private car (PC) instead of public transportation (PT) when their tendency is compared to middle and lower class individuals. It was also observed that lower class individuals would be more willing to use PT instead of PC when their tendency is compared to middle and upper class individuals. As such, it would be difficult to encourage the upper class individuals to use PT instead of PC, and it would be successively easier to do so in the case of middle and lower class individuals. However, the results also indicated that under certain different circumstances, the upper class individuals would also prefer to go for PT, and the lower class ones could prefer to own and use PC instead of PT.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status, lifestyle and childhood obesity in Gombe.

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
YS Alkali ◽  
JP Ambe ◽  
M Sabin ◽  
M Zacharin
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Third

Background: Childhood obesity is a complex condition resulting from an interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and socio-economic status. The prevalence has been increasing all over the world, probably due to economic transition and rapid urbanization as well as globalisation. This relationship should be well established for Improved Health Planning in Gombe State and Nigeria.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of Childhood Obesity and it`s relationship with the Socio-Economic Status of Parents and guardians.Methodology: Anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents in both public and private schools from primary to secondary levels were taken and their BMI calculated. The socioeconomic statuses of their parents, as well as the lifestyle of the children were assessed.Results: Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in children whose parents belonged to the middle and upper socio-economic class; these children had televisions and computers in their rooms and were driven to schoolConclusion: The picture is completely the reverse of what is obtainable in the developed and industrialised nations where overweight and obesity are more prevalent in children of the lower socio-economic class. Authors` contribution: The first author is the lead researcher and is a staff of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe while the second author, a staff of University of Maiduguri is the first supervisor who gave guidelines and made corrections. The second and the third authors are members of staff of the University of Melbourne in Australia; the third author provided a template on which the questionaire was based while the fourth author who is also the second supervisor, is a tutor of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology; she facilitated the acceptance of the proposal and the sponsorship for the research. The research was carried out in Gombe, the capital of Gombe State in North Eastern NigeriaKeywords: Socio-Economic, Childhood, Obesity, Nigeria

scholarly journals Study of efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose therapy in iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
M Vijayasree
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Target Haemoglobin

Background: Anaemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy and is responsible for higher of the maternal deaths in the developing countries. Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose, in anemic pregnant women, presenting at Mamata General Hospital, Khammam. Methods: Fifty patients with proved iron deficiency anemia having haemoglobin between 8-10gm% were included in the study. Total iron deficit was calculated by standard formula. Target haemoglobin to be achieved was 11gm%. Iron sucrose was administered by intravenous infusion in divided doses. Haemoglobin was repeated 3 weeks after the last dose of intravenous iron sucrose. Gestational Age, Socio economic class distribution was calculated in percentage , Pre and post treatment Hb% was calculated by mean and standard deviation and P-value was Assessed. Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 60% had gestational age between 32-34 weeks, 30% were in between 29-31 weeks of gestational age while 10% were between 26-28 weeks gestation. The Mean gestational age was 32.4±2.7. Distribution of cases by socio economic status showed, 40% belonged to lower class, 32% belonged to middle class and 28% were from upper class. Intravenous iron sucrose therapy was effective in 90% of the patients without any side effects. There were no allergic reactions. Conclusion: This study showed a significant improvement in the haemoglobin of the patients who received iron sucrose infusion. Patients achieved the target of 11 gram % haemoglobin. It was safe and well tolerated. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 107-110 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8216

THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CLASS DIFFERENCES ON THE SELF-CONCEPTS OF SOME NIGERIAN ADOLESCENTS

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Olowu
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Made In

A purpose-built Semantic Differential Scale was administered to 372 adolescents. One hundred and eighteen of them came from middle class homes while two hundred and fifty four came from lower socioeconomic homes. There were two hundred and sixty four boys, and one hundred and eight girls. Their mean age was 16.7 years. The results showed that adolescents from middle class homes had more significantly positive self-concepts than those from lower class homes. The lower class adolescents had more positive self-concepts than their counterparts on only the religious – non-religious scale (p < .001). The observed differences were discussed. It was suggested that concerted effort should be made in homes and schools to enhance the self-concepts of adolescents, particularly those from low socio-economic status groups.

scholarly journals Frequency of Osteopenia and its association with Socio Economic Status among general female population aged 18-60 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Zahid ◽  
Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽  
Asif Hanif ◽  
Zahid Masood ◽  
Akash John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Common Problems

Osteopenia is regarded as the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which is lower than that of the average value but not as low as Osteoporosis. In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times. Objectives: To find the frequency of osteopenia among females in Faisalabad and its association with SES (Socio Economic Status). Methodology: It was an analytical and cross-sectional study which was conducted at Niaz Medicare Clinic in Faisalabad. The study was completed in 9 months from 18 October 2019 to 18 July 2020. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 323 females were taken for the study. Results: The results demonstrated that 56.3% of the population had Osteopenia. Socio Economic Status had as statistically significant association with Osteopenia (p= 0.041). The results also revealed that the females belonging to middle class and lower class had a higher prevalence of Osteopenia than the females of upper Socio Economic Status. Conclusion: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among females specifically the age group 18-29 years. There was an association found between Osteopenia and Socio Economic status (p =0.041).

scholarly journals Childhood obesity and socio-economic class

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Rajni Goyal ◽  
Puneet Goyal ◽  
Rajveer Garg
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Background: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. There are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major role in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. The aim of this study was to compare the obesity status of children (5-18 years) from the upper and middle socio-economic class.Methods: 400 children (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age group of 5-18 years from upper and middle socio-economic status (According to the modified version of Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic status scale) were selected as subjects for this study. Weight and height were measured in minimum acceptable standard clothing without shoes and socks and BMI was calculated. Because there are changes in body weight and height with age, BMI levels among children and teens need to be expressed relative to other children of the same age and sex. Number of children in each BMI-for-age-percentile-range were calculated. By using chi–square test an association of overweight/obesity with socio-economic class was studied in children.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was more in upper socio-economic class boys in comparison with middle socio-economic class boys, more girls from upper socio-economic class were overweight/obese in comparison with middle socio-economic class girls and more girls were obese in comparison to boys from upper socio-economic class.Conclusions: The primary prevention could be the key plan for controlling the current epidemic of obesity and these strategies seem to be more effective in children than in adults.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Intelligence Quotient of primary school-aged children with asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Obinna Chukwuebuka Nduagubam
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:   Intelligence Quotient is said to be more variable in childhood and is thought to be influenced by the socio-economic status of the families of children. This aim of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-economic class and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of primary school children with asthma and to compare with those of children without. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty children with asthma (subjects) aged 5 – 11 years were consecutively recruited at the asthma clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria and their age- , sex and socio-economic class (SEC) - matched normal classmates were enrolled as controls from their schools. Their SEC was obtained using the tool described by Oyedeji while their academic performance was obtained from their schools using their scores over an academic session. Their Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was determined using the Draw-A-Person- test. The relationship between SEC and Intelligence Quotient of children with asthma was determined and was compared with that of the 120 controls. Results: There was no significant difference between the IQ of the Subjects and Control in the different Socio-economic Classes. IQ has no significant correlation (Spearman’s) with SEC in both Subjects (r = 0.115; p = 0.21) and Controls (r = 0.082; p = 0.38). No significant difference exists in the IQ of children with asthma across the different socio-economic classes. Conclusion: The IQ of children with asthma is not influenced by their Socio-Economic status.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Status and Depression Amongst the Urban Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Dipa Datta ◽  
Md Shafiur Rahman ◽  
Shaheda Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Background: Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thought, behavior feelings and physical wellbeing. Mental health of adolescents has been drawn going attention due to sustain increase in adolescent depression as well as suicidal incidence. The study aimed to determine the level of depression among the urban adolescents and its association with socio-economic status (SES). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 adolescent students of selected English and Bangla medium school of Dhaka city during January to December 2016. A semi-structured questionnaire and convenience sampling technique were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The study findings revealed that a large number of adolescents (34.11%) had depression and females are more (80%) prone to be depressed. Socio-economic status had significant association with the level of depression (p- 0.000). Out of 131 depressed respondents, 58.77%, 28.24%, 12.97% were in middle, upper and lower class respectively. Among all the depressed adolescents, 67.93% found significant depression and (32.06%) found cutoff score of depression. Conclusion: This study showed that depression is remained uncared health problem among the adolescents due to socio-economic problem. More attention and awareness need at the national level for early diagnosis of Adolescent depression. JOPSOM 2020; 39(1): 21-25

Misreporting in rural fertility data: an analysis of husband–wife disagreement

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vlassoff ◽  
M. Vlassoff
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Demographic Surveys ◽  
Determining Factor

SummaryTwo independent, concurrent demographic surveys in rural India, one male, the other female, were used to examine misreporting of ever-born children among 223 couples common to both samples. Husband-wife disagreements were checked in detail and characteristics of the errors and of the misreporters themselves were analysed. ‘Forgetting’ of dead children was the main cause of mistaken reporting. Another type of error was found to be sex-related: men, but not women, confused fetal deaths with live births. Of the various correlates of male misreporting tested, only age appeared to be a determining factor. On the other hand, traditional attitudes and overall response reliability were more important than age in explaining female errors. No significant relationships between faulty reporting and socio-economic status or family size were established. Various suggestions are made for minimizing fertility misreporting in surveys of rural, illiterate populations.

Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among 3–17-year-old school children of Indore and correlating it with Kuppuswamy SES, occlusal relationship and ascertaining percentage of those seeking the treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Khandelwal ◽  
Ullal Anand Nayak ◽  
Prathibha Anand Nayak ◽  
Nupur Ninawe
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Group I

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial trauma is one of the most prevailing oral health problems among the children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of traumatic injuries and to correlate the causes, specific age groups, socio-economic status, occlusal relationship and ascertain the percentage of those seeking the treatment among school children in Indore (Madhya Pradesh, India).Materials and methodsFive thousand school going children aged between 3 and 17 years belonging to different zones of Indore were randomly selected and divided into three age groups, Group I – 3–5 years; Group II – 6–11 years and Group III – 12–17 years. The study was carried out by a single investigator and assisted by a well-trained cooperative alert assistant. An American Dental Association (ADA) type 3 examination was carried out using a mouth mirror and explorer under sufficient natural light. Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth were recorded according to the Ellis and Davey classification. Details were noted concerning the gender, age and socio-economic status of patient; cause of trauma, number, type and relationship of teeth, lip competence and the level of unmet treatment needs.ResultsOne thousand and seventeen children had traumatized anterior teeth with a mean prevalence of 20.34%. Prevalence was more in boys than in girls with a ratio of 2:1. Single tooth injury was observed in 81.7%. The prevalence of trauma was highest in the upper socio-economic class (31.4%) and least was seen in lower class (14.8%). The most common cause of trauma was from a fall (36.72%). Maximum prevalence was seen in either class II division 1 malocclusion or distal step terminal plane primary molar relationship. Only 2.95% of the children had undergone treatment for traumatically injured anterior teeth.ConclusionHigh prevalence of traumatized teeth with the low percentage of children receiving treatment emphasizes the need for education programs about traumatic dental injuries that should be directed towards the children, parents and school teachers.

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