Concurrent Validity of the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test 2 1/2–7–Revised with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristal Moore ◽  
Stephen L. O'Keefe ◽  
Del Lawhon ◽  
Peter Tellegen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Nonverbal Intelligence ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study examined the concurrent validity of the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised compared to the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised. Subjects were 25 4-yr.-olds of lower, lower-middle, and middle socioeconomic status from both urban and rural areas of Appalachia. The SON–R IQs correlated .93 and .87 with the WPPSI–R Performance IQs and Full Scale IQs, respectively. The correlation of .45 with Verbal IQs was not significant.

scholarly journals Smoking in adults in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Merly Martinelli ◽  
Creso Machado Lopes ◽  
Pascoal Torres Muniz ◽  
Orivado Florencio de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between smoking and socioeconomic status, and to analyze the profile of smokers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study conducted with 1,512 adults living in urban and rural areas. Information about demographic aspects, socioeconomic status and smoking habits were collected through home interviews. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of smoking was of 19.9%. Males had a higher prevalence (22.7%) in contrast to females (17.6%). By age, a higher prevalence was observed at 50 - 59 years in males (30.9%) and at 40 - 49 years in females (23.8%). A linear trend was observed between the higher prevalence of smoking and the lower amount of years of education and income (p < 0.05). The profile of smokers indicated that the majority, in both genders, began smoking at age 15, smoked between 1 and 10 cigarettes per day, lit the first cigarette of the day 60 minutes after waking up and had tried to quit smoking at least twice. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of smoking is a relevant public health problem in Rio Branco. Community actions must be implemented for the prevention and control of tobacco use.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Stunting and Motor Skill Development of Toddlers in Urban and Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Syifa F Syihab ◽  
Mesa Rahmi Stephani ◽  
Isti Kumalasari ◽  
Adang Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motor Skill Development ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The development of child motor skills is closely related to nutritional status. Stunted children generally experience delays in motor development. The objective was to determine the relationship between stunting, socioeconomic status, and children’s motor skill development. This research was conducted in 2018 using a cross-sectional method. Respondents were 80 children aged 48-60 months in urban and rural areas of West Java. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. We found that stunting prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. As much as 30 % of children in rural areas and only 12.5 % of children in urban areas were categorized as stunted. There is no significant association between stunting with the family’s socioeconomic status and motor skill development. The weight for the age variable showed a significant association with stunting. Children who are malnourished have a stunting risk of 10.9 times greater than normal children (OR 10.9 p < 0.001).

The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability: Concurrent Validity with the WISC-R

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Reeve ◽  
Robert J. Hall ◽  
Richard S. Zakreski
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Woodcock Johnson

The Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery (WJ) is gaining in use in the assessment of youngsters with suspected learning disabilities. This study reports on the Tests of Cognitive Ability of the battery, which are intended to be the equivalent of an intelligence test. The correlation between full scale scores on the WISC-R and the WJ was found to be .79, suggesting considerable overlap. However, differences in mean full scale scores of approximately one standard deviation were found. Possible explanations and implications for the findings are discussed.

Prescribers’ perspectives of the socioeconomic status and important indicators affecting prescribing behavior in a developing country

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Ramzi Shawahna ◽  
Mahmood Ahmad ◽  
Marcel Debray ◽  
Xavier Declèves ◽  
Marjo Yliperttula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Prescribing Behavior ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractPatients suffer differential prescribing behavior as a function of their socioeconomic status. The current study was conducted in a qualitative and two observational phases in Lahore metropolitan area to investigate physician’s perspectives of patients’ socioeconomic status and the important indicators influencing prescribing behavior. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians (N=20) from 2 hospitals, 2 diabetes care centers and 2 private clinics and scripts were analyzed for socioeconomic indicators. In the second phase, the opinions of a panel of prescribers (N=43) on the influence socioeconomic indicators on prescribing behavior were elicited. In the third phase a bipolar 5-point Likert rating scale was used to elicit the importance of indicators for physicians (N=100) originated from urban and rural areas. In the interviews physicians gave 15 potential socioeconomic indicators. Following the two Delphi rounds, consensus was reached on 11 (73.3%) of the indicators, the remaining 4 (26.7%) were highly disputable. Bivariate analysis showed that literacy, educational background, compliance, dress and appearance were important indicators at the time of clinical decision making for physicians originating from urban areas than for physicians originating from rural areas. Physicians originating from urban and rural areas perceived the socioeconomic status differently.

scholarly journals Nutrition habits and frequency of consumption of selected food products by the residents of urban and rural area from the Subcarpathian voivodeship

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Mateusz Szałajko ◽  
Wiktoria Stachowicz ◽  
Monika Dobosz ◽  
Martyna Szałankiewicz ◽  
Aneta Sokal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Processing Techniques

Background. The dynamic development and change of rural lifestyle patterns towards urban patterns has been noticeable since the second half of the 20th century. Nutrition, as well as the lifestyle in urban and rural areas, has undergone a process of urbanization, which is evidenced by the following an increasing number of overweight people. Objective. The aim of the study was to compare eating habits and frequency of consumption of selected groups of products between the urban and rural residents from the Subcarpathian voivodeship. Material and methods. The survey was carried out on a sample of 279 persons from urban and rural areas of Subcarpathian voivodeship. In this study, the diagnostic survey method consisting of 3 (different) parts was used. To check the significance of differences, U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used; whereas correlations between variables were determined by the Spearman's rank of correlation coefficient and Pearson's chi-quadrat test. Results. In the part concerning eating habits, statistically significant differences occurred among others; for the circumstances of eating meals, the most commonly consumed snacks, food processing techniques and the most frequently selected fat. In the part concerning the frequency of consumption of individual product groups, significant differences occurred among others; for dairy products, grain products, fast food, alcohol. There was a correlation between the frequency of consumption of individual products and socioeconomic status. Conclusions. The quality of the diet and eating habits of urban and rural residents of Subcarpathian voivodeship does not differ significantly. The detected differences in eating habits were more influenced by the education and socioeconomic status of the examined group than the place of residence.

scholarly journals A community based cross-sectional study to assess malnutrition among elderly population residing in urban and rural areas of a district in Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ananthesh B. G. ◽  
Geeta V. Bathija ◽  
Dattatraya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Living

Background: The geriatric age group is the fastest-growing segment of the population in most of the countries. Malnutrition has emerged as an important problem among elderly. Nutritional status of the elderly population is seldom focused upon. This study was conducted to evaluate malnutrition among elderly population and its association with sociodemographic correlates and to compare the nutritional status of elderly living in the urban and rural areas of a district in Karnataka.  Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 102 urban and 102 rural residents of Dharwad district for a period of 4 months using pre-designed and structured questionnaire which include details of sociodemographic data and nutritional status which was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 18.6 %. Among 204 subjects, 42.6% were well nourished and 38.7% were at risk of malnutrition. Elderly living in rural are more malnourished than urban areas. And 12.7% of elderly living in urban area were obese, whereas only 7.8% of rural elderly were obese. A significant association was found between nutritional status with age, literacy and the socioeconomic status of the elderly.Conclusions:High prevalence of under-nutrition (at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition) was found in our study. With higher percentages in elderly living in rural area, among illiterates and with low socioeconomic status. This study emphasizes increased need to give attention to the nutritional needs of elderly and also to screen and support elderly with malnutrition. 

scholarly journals Clinico-demographic profile of patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
S Ranjan ◽  
R Shakya ◽  
PM Shyangwa
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Middle Socioeconomic Status

Background: There are only few studies on the clinico-demographic profile of acute and transient disorders, which is a common disorder in developing countries. Objective: To study the clinical presentation and socio-demographic profile of patients with Acute and transient psychotic disorders. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as Acute and transient psychotic disorders were assessed to record their socio-demographic profile, presence of stress, onset, presenting complains and the phenomenology using standard questionnaire. Results: ATPDs was more common in persons below thirty years of age (63.3%), residing in rural areas (90%), unemployed (76.7%), low middle socioeconomic status (53.3%), married (63.3%), and member of nuclear family (63.3%). Abrupt onset was seen in 73% of cases. Delusion of persecution was the most common psychopathology (86.7%). All patients had impaired biorhythm and poor insight. Conclusions: Married unemployed persons below the age of thirty of low middle socioeconomic status residing in nuclear families in rural areas suffer from ATPDs more than others. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7138 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);215-219

scholarly journals Food variety, socioeconomic status and nutritional status in urban and rural areas in Koutiala (Mali)

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hatløy ◽  
Jesper Hallund ◽  
Modibo M Diarra ◽  
Arne Oshaug
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the associations between the food variety score (FVS), dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status of children, and to assess the associations between FVS, DDS and socioeconomic status (SES) on a household level. The study also assessed urban and rural differences in FVS and DDS.Design: Cross-sectional studies in 1994/95, including a simplified food frequency questionnaire on food items used in the household the previous day. A socioeconomic score was generated, based on possessions in the households. Weight and height were measured for all children aged 6–59 months in the households, and anthropometric indices were generated.Subjects and setting: Three hundred and twenty-nine urban and 488 rural households with 526 urban and 1789 rural children aged 6–59 months in Koutiala County, Sikasso Region, Mali.Results: Children from urban households with a low FVS or DDS had a doubled risk (OR>2) for being stunted and underweight. Those relations were not found in the rural area. There was an association between SES and both FVS and DDS on the household level in both areas. The FVS and DDS in urban households with the lowest SES were higher than the FVS and DDS among the rural households with the highest SES.Conclusions: Food variety and dietary diversity seem to be associated with nutritional status (weight/age and height/age) of children in heterogeneous communities, as our data from urban areas showed. In rural areas, however, this association could not be shown. Socioeconomic factors seem to be important determinants for FVS and DDS both in urban and rural areas. FVS and DDS are useful variables in assessing the nutritional situation of households, particular in urban areas.

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