Addendum to Problems and Benefits of Bird Ownership

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370
Author(s):  
Aline H. Kidd ◽  
Robert M. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Wild Birds ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Blue Jays

Because several recent studies suggested that adults who fed only wild birds would report having different problems and benefits than did pet bird owners who also fed wild birds, and pet bird only owners, the present study added data to clarify such differences. 150 adults were selected so that 50 persons (25 men and 25 women) each were classified into one of three groups: those who only owned pet birds, those who owned pet birds and also fed wild birds, and those who only fed wild birds. There were no significant differences between men and women in any of the three groups, and no significant differences in their responses. The 50 people who fed wild birds only reported having added problems with neighbors' cats, bees, ants, squirrels, blue jays, and other oppressive larger birds, but the 50 pet bird owners who also fed wild birds and the owners of pet birds only reported the same problems with minor differences in type and number of interlopers. Clearly, all bird lovers shared similar characteristics, feelings, and behaviors toward birds and acknowledged the minor differences in attitudes toward the benefits and problems created by the birds' various interactions and behaviors with humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in wild birds—potential risk for domestic poultry, pet birds, and public health?

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zweifel ◽  
Richard Hoop ◽  
Konrad Sachse ◽  
Andreas Pospischil ◽  
Nicole Borel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Chlamydophila Psittaci

scholarly journals Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) gut microbiomes, bacterial inhabitants of a worldwide distributed pet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Apolinar M. Hernández ◽  
Mariana Peimbert
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Uncultivable Bacteria

Background. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were originally endemic to Australia, but they are nowadays popular worldwide pet birds. It is now possible to make detailed molecular studies on cultivable and uncultivable bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiome of healthy animals, these studies showed that bacteria are an essential part of the capacity and metabolic status of animals. There are few studies of bird microbiomes and to date this is the first reported cockatiel microbiome work. Methods. In this paper we analyzed the gut microbiome of 3 healthy adult cockatiel birds by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal gene. Additionally, we show a comparison with other poultry, and wild birds microbiomes and their taxa profiles Results. The vast majority of the Cockatiel’s bacteria found were Firmicutes, while Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are poorly represented. 19,280 different OTUs were detected, of which 8,072 belong to the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Discussion. Cockatiels wide geographic distribution, and close human contact makes relevant to study their microbiomes, this study gives a baseline for their bacterial diversity. Cockatiels microbiomes diversity are dominated by Firmicutes of the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Cockatiels, and other wild birds are almost depleted of Bacteroidetes which happen to be abundant in poultry birds and this is probably related with the intensive human manipulation of poultry bird diets. Some pathogenic bacteria like Clostridium colinum, and Serratia marcescens are inhabitants of the cockatiel’s microbiome while other pathogens are not elements of healthy cockatiel’s microbiota, although the specimens collected were perfectly healthy at the time.

scholarly journals Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) gut microbiomes, bacterial inhabitants of a worldwide distributed pet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Apolinar M. Hernández ◽  
Mariana Peimbert
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Uncultivable Bacteria

Background. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were originally endemic to Australia, but they are nowadays popular worldwide pet birds. It is now possible to make detailed molecular studies on cultivable and uncultivable bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiome of healthy animals, these studies showed that bacteria are an essential part of the capacity and metabolic status of animals. There are few studies of bird microbiomes and to date this is the first reported cockatiel microbiome work. Methods. In this paper we analyzed the gut microbiome of 3 healthy adult cockatiel birds by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal gene. Additionally, we show a comparison with other poultry, and wild birds microbiomes and their taxa profiles Results. The vast majority of the Cockatiel’s bacteria found were Firmicutes, while Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are poorly represented. 19,280 different OTUs were detected, of which 8,072 belong to the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Discussion. Cockatiels wide geographic distribution, and close human contact makes relevant to study their microbiomes, this study gives a baseline for their bacterial diversity. Cockatiels microbiomes diversity are dominated by Firmicutes of the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Cockatiels, and other wild birds are almost depleted of Bacteroidetes which happen to be abundant in poultry birds and this is probably related with the intensive human manipulation of poultry bird diets. Some pathogenic bacteria like Clostridium colinum, and Serratia marcescens are inhabitants of the cockatiel’s microbiome while other pathogens are not elements of healthy cockatiel’s microbiota, although the specimens collected were perfectly healthy at the time.

Gender and The Christian Traditions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Middle Ages

Classical and medieval thinkers had much to say about gendered topics, including proper social roles and relationships for men and women, differing physical and psychological make-ups, and behaviors that might cause blurring between characteristics understood to belong to each sex. The theological arguments and pastoral direction of the Middle Ages relied heavily on precedents drawn from early Christianity, making an understanding of the apostolic and patristic periods essential when examining gender issues. This essay, therefore, addresses debates from both early Christianity and the central Middle Ages, concentrating primarily on discussions about the merits of virginity versus celibacy, but also treating discourse on "virile" women and the effects of the rediscovery of Aristotelian thought on ideas about procreation and the female body. Since these discussions often took place as their authors addressed contemporary crises, they offer an opportunity to examine Christian society's shifting, and often competing, values, especially those pertaining women.

scholarly journals Sex of Walker Influences Scent-marking Behavior of Shelter Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty McGuire ◽  
Kentner Fry ◽  
Destiny Orantes ◽  
Logan Underkofler ◽  
Stephen Parry
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
And Behaviors

Interactions with humans influence the behavior and physiology of other animals, and the response can vary with sex and familiarity. Dogs in animal shelters face challenging conditions and although contact with humans typically reduces stress and behaviors associated with stress, evidence indicates that shelter dogs react differently to unfamiliar men and women. Given that some aspects of canine scent-marking behavior change under fearful conditions, we examined whether sex of an unfamiliar walker would influence scent-marking behavior of 100 shelter dogs during leash walks. Male dogs urinated at higher rates when walked by unfamiliar women than when walked by unfamiliar men; female dogs urinated at similar rates when walked by unfamiliar women and unfamiliar men. Sex of walker influenced urinary posture in male dogs, but not in female dogs. Both male and female dogs were more likely to defecate when walked by unfamiliar women than by unfamiliar men. Based on our findings that shelter dogs behave differently in the presence of unfamiliar men and women, we suggest that researchers conducting behavioral studies of dogs record, consider in analyses, and report the sex of observers and handlers as standard practice. We also recommend recording the sex of shelter staff present at behavioral evaluations because the results of these evaluations can impact dog welfare.

Parenthood and Physical Activity in Young Adults: A Qualitative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan E. Hull ◽  
Jeannette M. Garcia ◽  
Angela M. Kolen ◽  
Robert J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Behaviors

Background:New parents have to adjust to less sleep, less free time, and more responsibility as a result of having a child. The purpose of this study was to examine how having a child impacts the physical activity (PA) beliefs and behaviors of new parents over a 2- to 3-year time period.Methods:Participants included 49 men and women (31% men, 96% white) who did not have a child at baseline (26.3 ± 1.1 years old) but did have a child at the time of follow-up (28.9 ± 1.7 years old). The child’s mean age at follow-up was 12 ± 7 months old. PA was measured via questionnaire at baseline and again at follow-up. Interviews regarding PA occurred at follow-up.Results:PA significantly decreased in parents across the time period (P < .001), and parents attributed this decrease to having a child and being pregnant. Parents mentioned they lack time, energy, and motivation for PA as a result of caring for a new child. Parents who maintained their activity level stated they prioritized PA and chose activities they enjoyed.Conclusion:These results show that although activity levels decrease in individuals who have a child, PA in new parents may be a function of priority, intensity, and enjoyment.

scholarly journals Constructing the Politics of Cookery: Authorial Strategy and Domestic Politics in English Cookery Books, 1655-1670

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Saffitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
Good Housekeeping ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Public Versus Private

This essay argues that authors of English cookery texts in the 1650s, sixties, and seventies debated not only changing ideas and behaviors surrounding cooking, service, and feasting, but were also participating in a renegotiation and redefinition of other Restoration subjects such as public versus private spaces, domesticity, gender roles, and social class. This article considers five cookery texts published between the years 1656 and 1670: two works of royalist propaganda that adopted the form of the cookery book, The Queens Closet Opened (1656), attributed to Henrietta Maria, and The Court & Kitchin of Elizabeth (1664), attributed to Elizabeth Cromwell; two works by professional male cooks, The Accomplisht Cook (1661) by Robert May, and The Whole Art of Cookery Dissected (1661) by William Rabisha; and The Queen-Like Closet (1670) by Hannah Wolley, England’s first professional female writer and cookery book author. In these works, domestic spaces and activities – as well as the emerging form of the cookery text itself – become a sort of battleground on which men and women vied to construct and defend their authority as culinary experts and authors of printed cookery books. Simultaneously, these authors were actively engaged in a debate about English nationhood in the Restoration and what kinds of people could or should participate in the politics of good housekeeping.

Writing on the Wall

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen B. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
And Behaviors

Few direct clues exist to the everyday lives and beliefs of ordinary Jews in antiquity. Prevailing perspectives on ancient Jewish life have been shaped largely by the voices of intellectual and social elites, preserved in the writings of Philo and Josephus and the rabbinic texts of the Mishnah and Talmud. Commissioned art, architecture, and formal inscriptions displayed on tombs and synagogues equally reflect the sensibilities of their influential patrons. The perspectives and sentiments of nonelite Jews, by contrast, have mostly disappeared from the historical record. Focusing on these forgotten Jews of antiquity, this book takes an unprecedented look at the vernacular inscriptions and drawings they left behind and sheds new light on the richness of their quotidian lives. Just like their neighbors throughout the eastern and southern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Egypt, ancient Jews scribbled and drew graffiti everyplace. This book reveals what these markings tell us about the men and women who made them, people whose lives, beliefs, and behaviors eluded commemoration in grand literary and architectural works. Making compelling analogies with modern graffiti practices, the book documents the overlooked connections between Jews and their neighbors, showing how popular Jewish practices of prayer, mortuary commemoration, commerce, and civic engagement regularly crossed ethnic and religious boundaries. Illustrated throughout with examples of ancient graffiti, the book provides a tantalizingly intimate glimpse into the cultural worlds of forgotten populations living at the crossroads of Judaism, Christianity, paganism, and earliest Islam.

Sex Differences in Health and Illness Orientation

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Gender Role Socialization ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Role Socialization ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
And Behaviors

Recent studies indicate that gender role socialization and obligations may have considerable influence in shaping health attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. This article reviews these studies, focusing on sex differences in health and illness orientations, and explores in some depth differences in an interest and concern with health. The findings from several studies suggest that men and women differ in health perceptions, values, attitudes, interests and behaviors. The implications of these sex differences for health education research and practice are discussed.

Sex Differences in Implicit Theories of Leadership: An Initial Investigation

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Graves ◽  
Gary N. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Effective Leader ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Theories Of Leadership

Individuals' implicit theories of leadership, or common-sense notions about leadership, were examined by asking subjects to indicate what traits and behaviors an effective leader should possess. Men and women differed in traits, but not behaviors used to describe an effective leader. Males mentioned more instrumental traits, while females preferred expressive traits. Both men and women endorsed structuring and consideration-oriented behaviors.

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