scholarly journals Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) gut microbiomes, bacterial inhabitants of a worldwide distributed pet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Apolinar M. Hernández ◽  
Mariana Peimbert
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Uncultivable Bacteria

Background. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were originally endemic to Australia, but they are nowadays popular worldwide pet birds. It is now possible to make detailed molecular studies on cultivable and uncultivable bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiome of healthy animals, these studies showed that bacteria are an essential part of the capacity and metabolic status of animals. There are few studies of bird microbiomes and to date this is the first reported cockatiel microbiome work. Methods. In this paper we analyzed the gut microbiome of 3 healthy adult cockatiel birds by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal gene. Additionally, we show a comparison with other poultry, and wild birds microbiomes and their taxa profiles Results. The vast majority of the Cockatiel’s bacteria found were Firmicutes, while Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are poorly represented. 19,280 different OTUs were detected, of which 8,072 belong to the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Discussion. Cockatiels wide geographic distribution, and close human contact makes relevant to study their microbiomes, this study gives a baseline for their bacterial diversity. Cockatiels microbiomes diversity are dominated by Firmicutes of the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Cockatiels, and other wild birds are almost depleted of Bacteroidetes which happen to be abundant in poultry birds and this is probably related with the intensive human manipulation of poultry bird diets. Some pathogenic bacteria like Clostridium colinum, and Serratia marcescens are inhabitants of the cockatiel’s microbiome while other pathogens are not elements of healthy cockatiel’s microbiota, although the specimens collected were perfectly healthy at the time.

scholarly journals Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) gut microbiomes, bacterial inhabitants of a worldwide distributed pet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Apolinar M. Hernández ◽  
Mariana Peimbert
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Uncultivable Bacteria

Background. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were originally endemic to Australia, but they are nowadays popular worldwide pet birds. It is now possible to make detailed molecular studies on cultivable and uncultivable bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiome of healthy animals, these studies showed that bacteria are an essential part of the capacity and metabolic status of animals. There are few studies of bird microbiomes and to date this is the first reported cockatiel microbiome work. Methods. In this paper we analyzed the gut microbiome of 3 healthy adult cockatiel birds by massive sequencing of 16S ribosomal gene. Additionally, we show a comparison with other poultry, and wild birds microbiomes and their taxa profiles Results. The vast majority of the Cockatiel’s bacteria found were Firmicutes, while Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are poorly represented. 19,280 different OTUs were detected, of which 8,072 belong to the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Discussion. Cockatiels wide geographic distribution, and close human contact makes relevant to study their microbiomes, this study gives a baseline for their bacterial diversity. Cockatiels microbiomes diversity are dominated by Firmicutes of the Erysipelotrichaceae family. Cockatiels, and other wild birds are almost depleted of Bacteroidetes which happen to be abundant in poultry birds and this is probably related with the intensive human manipulation of poultry bird diets. Some pathogenic bacteria like Clostridium colinum, and Serratia marcescens are inhabitants of the cockatiel’s microbiome while other pathogens are not elements of healthy cockatiel’s microbiota, although the specimens collected were perfectly healthy at the time.

scholarly journals Exploring the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) fecal microbiome, bacterial inhabitants of a worldwide pet

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis David Alcaraz ◽  
Apolinar M. Hernández ◽  
Mariana Peimbert
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Massive Sequencing ◽  
Uncultivable Bacteria

BackgroundCockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) were originally endemic to Australia; now, they are popular pets with a global distribution. It is now possible to conduct detailed molecular studies on cultivable and uncultivable bacteria that are part of the intestinal microbiome of healthy animals. These studies show that bacteria are an essential part of the metabolic capacity of animals. There are few studies on bird microbiomes, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the cockatiel microbiome.MethodsIn this paper, we analyzed the gut microbiome from fecal samples of three healthy adult cockatiels by massive sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, we compared the cockatiel fecal microbiomes with those of other bird species, including poultry and wild birds.ResultsThe vast majority of the bacteria found in cockatiels wereFirmicutes, whileProteobacteriaandBacteroideteswere poorly represented. A total of 19,280 different OTUs were detected, of which 8,072 belonged to theErysipelotrichaceaefamily.DiscussionIt is relevant to study cockatiel the microbiomes of cockatiels owing to their wide geographic distribution and close human contact. This study serves as a reference for cockatiel bacterial diversity. Despite the large OTU numbers, the diversity is not even and is dominated byFirmicutesof theErysipelotrichaceaefamily. Cockatiels and other wild birds are almost depleted ofBacteroidetes, which happen to be abundant in poultry-related birds, and this is probably associated with the intensive human manipulation of poultry bird diets. Some probable pathogenic bacteria, such asClostridiumandSerratia,appeared to be frequent inhabitants of the fecal microbiome of cockatiels, whereas other potential pathogens were not detected.

scholarly journals 13 Opportunities for using low-protein diets for weanling pigs to improve intestinal health

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Jinyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Diet Formulation

Abstract Dietary manipulation with respect to crude protein (CP) content has been suggested as part of the overall strategy for the nutritional management of weanling pigs to improve intestinal health. This has focused on the use of low CP diets that are appropriately fortified with crystalline amino acids (AA). Use of low CP diets minimizes the amount of undigested dietary protein entering the large intestine and being subjected to bacterial fermentation. This is important because protein fermentation leads to the production of toxic metabolites and encourages the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, thus causing enteric problems such as post-weaning diarrhea. There have been considerable efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of feeding low CP diets to piglets. In addition to impacting the intestinal microbiome and its associated activities, it is clear that feeding a low CP diets interferes with the attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli to the intestinal mucosa, thus minimizing its ability to cause disease. Another area of interest has been how use low CP diets in combination with other dietary manipulations to further enhance intestinal health in piglets. In this regards, existing evidence suggests that a low CP diet may be used in combination with other dietary interventions, such as probiotics and dietary fiber, to further enhance gut health outcomes in piglets. Also, addressing the potential reduction in piglet performance when feeding low CP diets by looking more into diet formulation to avoid deficiencies of essential AA or even some of non-essential AA, is critical for successful use low CP diets. Based on the available information, a reduction of dietary protein by four percentage units coupled with appropriate AA supplementation can be a useful dietary strategy to improve intestinal health.

Addendum to Problems and Benefits of Bird Ownership

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370
Author(s):  
Aline H. Kidd ◽  
Robert M. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Wild Birds ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Blue Jays

Because several recent studies suggested that adults who fed only wild birds would report having different problems and benefits than did pet bird owners who also fed wild birds, and pet bird only owners, the present study added data to clarify such differences. 150 adults were selected so that 50 persons (25 men and 25 women) each were classified into one of three groups: those who only owned pet birds, those who owned pet birds and also fed wild birds, and those who only fed wild birds. There were no significant differences between men and women in any of the three groups, and no significant differences in their responses. The 50 people who fed wild birds only reported having added problems with neighbors' cats, bees, ants, squirrels, blue jays, and other oppressive larger birds, but the 50 pet bird owners who also fed wild birds and the owners of pet birds only reported the same problems with minor differences in type and number of interlopers. Clearly, all bird lovers shared similar characteristics, feelings, and behaviors toward birds and acknowledged the minor differences in attitudes toward the benefits and problems created by the birds' various interactions and behaviors with humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in wild birds—potential risk for domestic poultry, pet birds, and public health?

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zweifel ◽  
Richard Hoop ◽  
Konrad Sachse ◽  
Andreas Pospischil ◽  
Nicole Borel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Chlamydophila Psittaci

scholarly journals Population Abundance of Potentially Pathogenic Organisms in Intestinal Microbiome of Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) Shown with 16S rRNA Gene-Based Microbial Community Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Maeda ◽  
Mohammad Shohel Rana Siddiki ◽  
Tsutomu Nozawa-Takeda ◽  
Naoki Tsukahara ◽  
Yuri Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Jungle Crow ◽  
Corvus Macrorhynchos

Jungle Crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) prefer human habitats because of their versatility in feeding accompanied with human food consumption. Therefore, it is important from a public health viewpoint to characterize their intestinal microbiota. However, no studies have been involved in molecular characterization of the microbiota based on huge and reliable number of data acquisition. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based microbial community analysis coupled with the next-generation DNA sequencing techniques was applied to the taxonomic classification of intestinal microbiome for three jungle crows. Clustering of the reads into 130 operational taxonomic units showed that at least 70% of analyzed sequences for each crow were highly homologous toEimeriasp., which belongs to the protozoan phylumApicomplexa. The microbiotas of three crows also contained potentially pathogenic bacteria with significant percentages, such as the generaCampylobacterandBrachyspira. Thus, the profiling of a large number of 16S rRNA gene sequences in crow intestinal microbiomes revealed the high-frequency existence or vestige of potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals The influence of a diet supplemented with 20% rye and xylanase in different housing systems on the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pyzik ◽  
Renata Urban-Chmiel ◽  
Agnieszka Chałabis-Mazurek ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

AbstractSanitary conditions and diet are important elements determining the occurrence of pathogens in animals. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of an experimental diet with rye and xylanase for broiler chickens in cages and in a free-range system on the intestinal microbiome. The study was carried out in two experimental stages, the first on 224 1-d-old male Ross 308 chickens with an initial weight of 41 g, and the second on 2000 1-d-old male chickens with an initial weight of 42 g. All birds were reared to 42 d of age and fed crumbled starter (1 to 21 d) and pelleted grower–finisher (22 to 42 d) isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, supplemented with 20% rye and/or 200 mg/kg xylanase. Directly after slaughter, bacteria were isolated from the cloaca of birds and identified using classical microbiological methods and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria was assessed by the disc diffusion method. The study showed the presence of abundant bacteria in the gut microbiome of chickens kept in both housing systems. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Proteus spp., Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Antibiotic resistance was significantly higher in E. coli, Proteus spp., and Campylobacter spp. obtained from chickens from the free-range farm, but in the case of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus, resistance was higher in bacteria from caged birds. The high antibiotic resistance among pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract necessitates the search for means to control the microbiome in favour of beneficial bacteria. The significant influence of rye and xylanase on the bacterial content may be the basis for the introduction of this method to support the control of pathogens.

scholarly journals Ginger Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Severity by Improving the Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Wenye Geng ◽  
Shan Chen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xuli Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
And Function

The effects of ginger on gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis have been widely investigated using experimental models; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the therapeutic effects of ginger and the regulation of the gut microbiota. We used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis and found that ginger alleviated colitis-associated pathological changes and decreased the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of the feces samples showed that mice with colitis had an intestinal flora imbalance with lower species diversity and richness. At the phylum level, a higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria, Proteobacteria and firmicutes, were observed; at the genus level, most samples in the model group showed an increase in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The overall analysis illustrated an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_murinus, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_615, and Ruminiclostridium_sp._KB18. These increased pathogenic bacteria in model mice were decreased when treated with ginger. DSS-treated mice showed a lower abundance of Muribaculaceae, and ginger corrected this disorder. The bacterial community structure of the ginger group analyzed with Alpha and Beta indices was similar to that of the control group. The results also illustrated that altered intestinal microbiomes affected physiological functions and adjusted key metabolic pathways in mice. In conclusion, this research presented that ginger reduced DSS-induced colitis severity and positively regulated the intestinal microbiome. Based on the series of data in this study, we hypothesize that ginger can improve diseases by restoring the diversity and functions of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Paratanaisia spp. Freitas, 1951 in a domiciled cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus, Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariele De Santi ◽  
Caroline do Couto ◽  
Karin Werther
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
First Time

Abstract Digenetic eucotylids of the Paratanaisia genus are widely reported parasites of the avian renal system. The infection, commonly reported in free-living and zoo-housed birds, is described for the first time in a domiciled bird, a cockatiel kept as pet bird with free access to the yard outdoors. The bird was received at Veterinary Hospital, where clinical and radiographic evaluations suggested a case of heavy-metal poisoning. Although the bird received supportive care and a chelating agent, it died the next day. The necropsy showed friable kidneys and congestion of blood vessels in structures such as the skin, proventriculus, brain, and skullcap. The histopathological evaluation of the kidneys revealed multifocal hemorrhages, commonly found in cases of heavy-metal poisoning. Parasitic structures similar to those of the digenean trematodes Paratanaisia spp. were also observed inside dilated collecting ducts, which presented epithelial cell flattening and vacuolization. There was compression of adjacent tissue and discrete fibrotic areas. In the presence of intermediate hosts in the yard, the synanthropic nature of some wild free-living birds could make them a source of trematodes infection and dissemination for pet birds. Conversely, the infected cockatiel could also have served as a reservoir and carrier of trematodes to wild free-living birds.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genotyping ofCryptosporidiumInfection in Pet Parrots in North China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xuan Zhang ◽  
Nian-Zhang Zhang ◽  
Guang-Hui Zhao ◽  
Quan Zhao ◽  
Xing-Quan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sugar Flotation ◽  
Genotype V

Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused byCryptosporidiumspp., sometimes leading to severe diarrhea in humans and animals. In the present study, 311 parrots, belonging to four species, namely, Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), Lovebirds (Agapornissp.), Alexandrine parakeets (Psittacula eupatria), and Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), from Beijing and Weifang cities, were examined forCryptosporidiumspp. infection. Blood samples of each bird were examined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal samples were examined by Sheather’s sugar flotation technique. Prevalence ofCryptosporidiuminfection were 3.22% (10/311) and 0.64% (2/311) by ELISA and Sheather’s sugar flotation technique, respectively. Seroprevalence ofCryptosporidiuminfection in different breeds varied from 0 to 15.39%. Sequencing analysis showed that both positive samples from fecal samples belonged toCryptosporidiumavian genotype V. This is the first report ofCryptosporidiumavian genotype V in Budgerigars. The results of the present study provided foundation-data for prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis in pet birds in China.

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