scholarly journals Sex of Walker Influences Scent-marking Behavior of Shelter Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty McGuire ◽  
Kentner Fry ◽  
Destiny Orantes ◽  
Logan Underkofler ◽  
Stephen Parry
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
And Behaviors

Interactions with humans influence the behavior and physiology of other animals, and the response can vary with sex and familiarity. Dogs in animal shelters face challenging conditions and although contact with humans typically reduces stress and behaviors associated with stress, evidence indicates that shelter dogs react differently to unfamiliar men and women. Given that some aspects of canine scent-marking behavior change under fearful conditions, we examined whether sex of an unfamiliar walker would influence scent-marking behavior of 100 shelter dogs during leash walks. Male dogs urinated at higher rates when walked by unfamiliar women than when walked by unfamiliar men; female dogs urinated at similar rates when walked by unfamiliar women and unfamiliar men. Sex of walker influenced urinary posture in male dogs, but not in female dogs. Both male and female dogs were more likely to defecate when walked by unfamiliar women than by unfamiliar men. Based on our findings that shelter dogs behave differently in the presence of unfamiliar men and women, we suggest that researchers conducting behavioral studies of dogs record, consider in analyses, and report the sex of observers and handlers as standard practice. We also recommend recording the sex of shelter staff present at behavioral evaluations because the results of these evaluations can impact dog welfare.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Good and Bad Leaders by Philippine Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Zepp
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Good Leader ◽  
Filipino Teachers ◽  
Young Teachers

The research attempted to answer the question: “What do Philippine teachers perceive as important traits and behaviors of good and bad leaders?” Related to this were three sub questions:1. How do Philippine teachers compare with those in other countries in their perceptions on leadership?2. Do male and female Philippine teachers share similar perceptions on leadership?3. Do old and young Philippine teachers share similar perceptions on leadership?A questionnaire asked 90 Filipino teachers to rank their top three choices from among 8 traits of good leaders, then among 8 behaviors of good leaders, then 8 traits of bad leaders, and finally 8 behaviors of bad leaders. Comparisons were then drawn between the Philippine results and those in other countries, as well as between males and females within the Philippine sample, and younger and older Philippine teachers.Philippine teachers clearly valued honesty as the most important trait, and showing respect as the most important behavior of a good leader. This result is slightly different from that of some other countries, where, for example, intelligence or dependability was deemed the most important trait.Further, the study revealed several significant differences on several items between men and women, as well as between old teachers and young teachers.

Toward Understanding the Contributions of Sex and Situation to Behavior in a College Setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Nancy Lipsitt ◽  
Rose R. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
College Setting ◽  
Female Subjects

The relative contribution of sex and situation has become a contested issue in the understanding of sex differences in behavior. In the present study, 20 male and 20 female undergraduates were asked to describe their behavior and thoughts in six everyday college situations. Three of the situations were constructed to be typically male and three typically female in content. The results indicate that men and women demonstrate sex-specific characteristics in their responses regardless of the type of situation presented. Men exhibited concern with separateness from others, while women exhibited concern with sustaining connection to others, even when faced with situations described to present demand properties that might be expected specifically to elicit the concern characteristic of the other sex. However, for these students the situation also made a difference: female-defined situations elicited the most masculine responses for both male and female subjects.

scholarly journals Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Norwegian Cancer Survivors: Gender-Specific Prevalence and Associations for Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnete E. Kristoffersen ◽  
Arne J. Norheim ◽  
Vinjar M. Fønnebø
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The associations for CAM use are only occasionally differentiated by gender in populations where both male and female cancer survivors occur. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CAM use in individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis and to investigate gender differences regard to factors associated with use. A total of 12982 men and women filled in a questionnaire with questions about life style and health issues. Eight hundred of those had a previous cancer diagnosis of whom 630 answered three questions concerning CAM use in the last 12 months. A total of 33.8% of all cancer survivors reported CAM use, 39.4% of the women and 27.9% of the men (). The relationship between the demographic variables and being a CAM user differed significantly between men and women with regard to age (), education (), and income (). Female CAM users were more likely to have a university degree than the nonusers, while male CAM users were more likely to have a lower income than the nonusers. According to this study, prevalence and factors associated with CAM use differ significantly between male and female survivors of cancer.

Addendum to Problems and Benefits of Bird Ownership

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370
Author(s):  
Aline H. Kidd ◽  
Robert M. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Wild Birds ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Blue Jays

Because several recent studies suggested that adults who fed only wild birds would report having different problems and benefits than did pet bird owners who also fed wild birds, and pet bird only owners, the present study added data to clarify such differences. 150 adults were selected so that 50 persons (25 men and 25 women) each were classified into one of three groups: those who only owned pet birds, those who owned pet birds and also fed wild birds, and those who only fed wild birds. There were no significant differences between men and women in any of the three groups, and no significant differences in their responses. The 50 people who fed wild birds only reported having added problems with neighbors' cats, bees, ants, squirrels, blue jays, and other oppressive larger birds, but the 50 pet bird owners who also fed wild birds and the owners of pet birds only reported the same problems with minor differences in type and number of interlopers. Clearly, all bird lovers shared similar characteristics, feelings, and behaviors toward birds and acknowledged the minor differences in attitudes toward the benefits and problems created by the birds' various interactions and behaviors with humans.

scholarly journals Ambivalent Gender Identities in Contemporary African Literature: A Butlerian Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Léonard KOUSSOUHON ◽  
Fortuné AGBACHI
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
African Literature ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
The Way

<p>This paper is an attempt to examine the way male and female participants perform gender in 03 novels, <em>Everything Good Will Come</em> (2006), <em>Swallow</em> (2010) and <em>A Bit of Difference</em> (2013), by a contemporary Nigerian writer called Sefi Atta. The study draws on Gender Performative Theory as developed by the feminist Butler (1990/1999). This theory considers gender identities as being socially constructed. The study highlights the multiple ways in which male and female participants perform gender according to established social norms in the selected novels. Regarding the existing social norms in Nigeria, the findings by scholars like Fakeye, George and Owoyemi (2012), Mejiuni and Awolowo (2006), Bourey et al (2012), Gbadebo, Kehinde and Adedeji (2012), Okunola and Ojo (2012) exude that men are traditionally portrayed as career people, assertive, powerful and active, independent and violent while women are stereotypically depicted as housewives, submissive, powerless and passive, dependent and non-violent (or victims). Based on the above dichotomies between men and women, the study unveils the ideology that underpins gender performances in the novels.</p>

Staying ‘stoked’: Surfing, ageing and post-youth identities

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Wheaton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South West ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Equipment Performance

Surfing has consistently been framed as a youth focused, male-dominated sport and culture. Despite surfing’s ageing demographic, neither the ways in which age impacts on surfing identities and mobilities, nor older surfer’s experiences and subjectivities, has been given scholarly attention. In this paper, I discuss research exploring the experiences and identities of middle-aged and older recreational male and female surfers in the south and south-west of England. The research illustrates that participation in surfing as a sport and lifestyle remains highly significant for some men and women through middle-age and into retirement. I consider the cultural barriers and challenges in dealing with a loss in physical performance through ageing, such as adaptations to their equipment, performance, and style, and the implications for how individuals negotiate bodily capital, space and identity. Nonetheless, older surfers also embrace different ways of being a surfer which challenge some of the more exclusionary aspects of surfing identities. Theoretically the paper develops an intersectional approach to sporting identity that explicitly recognises and accounts for the contribution of age to social identity. The research also contributes to the growing literature on physically active ‘post-youth’ leisure lifestyles, illustrating how shifting definitions of ageing have given ‘rise to new expectations, priorities and understandings’ of sporting lifestyles amongst those in middle age, and beyond.

scholarly journals Alternative Therapies for Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han H. Aung ◽  
Lucy Dey ◽  
Victoria Rand ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Herbal Medications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in both men and women. Although new pharmaceutical agents have been identified for male erectile problems, sexual desire and orgasm disorders, individuals with sexual dysfunction often seek alternative therapies, including traditional Chinese medicine. This article reviews currently used alternative therapies, such as herbal medications, L-arginine, acupuncture, biofeedback and others. Potential herb-drug interactions are also presented.

Come-ons and Put-offs: Unmarried Students' Strategies for Having and Avoiding Sexual Intercourse

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Encounters

One-hundred and twenty male and 109 female unmarried college students participated in a questionnaire study of actual and expected male-female differences in the use of 10 strategies for having and avoiding sexual intercourse. As predicted, both men and women viewed strategies for having sex as used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex as used predominantly by females. However, sex-role attitudes were unrelated to students' expectations of sexual encounters. Both traditional and profeminist students expected that strategies for having sex would be used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex would be used predominantly by females. It appeared that students still stereotyped having sex as a male goal and avoiding sex as a female goal. Men and women were unexpectedly similar in their personal strategies for influencing a sexual encounter. Both men and women reported using more indirect strategies to have sex and more direct strategies to avoid having sex. These findings suggest that when men and women share the same goals (such as having or avoiding sex), expected differences between male and female influencing agents disappear

scholarly journals ONE OR TWO SCREWS IN THE FRACTURE OF THE ODONTOID PROCESS? EVALUATION USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Botelho do Amaral ◽  
Edgar Taira Nakagawa ◽  
Leonardo Ternis Ferreira ◽  
José Sergio Franco ◽  
Robinson Esteves Santos Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Operative Planning

Objective:To evaluate the bone area of the odontoid process through computed tomography and its relation with the area of one and two screws in the male and female subjects.Methods:188 CT scans of adults were analyzed. The isthmus area was selected and the transverse diameter was measured at 1.2 mm from the base of odontoid.Results:After placement of a screw, the odontoid area remains with 82% of free bone for both men and women. With two screws, 45.6% of women, had a free bone area of the odontoid process between 50% and 75% and 54.4% were above 75%. 26.6% men had percentage from 50% to 75% of free bone area and 73.4% above 75% (p=0.07). After the placement of two screws, the bone area was, in average, 77.3% in men and 75.4% in women. Using the Student t-test, the differences between the average of percentage of free bone area in men and women are significantly lower in women (p=0.0012).Conclusion:The pre-operative planning through CT can help to choose the number of screws in the odontoid process. The choice should be particularly careful when using two screws in women.

scholarly journals Surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in Sheltered dogs in the Kanto Region of Japan

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Hata ◽  
Noboru Fujitani ◽  
Fumiko Ono ◽  
Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Kanagawa Prefecture ◽  
Kanto Region

AbstractThere is a lack of an established antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance system in animal welfare centers. Therefore, the AMR prevalence in shelter dogs is rarely known. Herein, we conducted a survey in animal shelters in Chiba and Kanagawa prefectures, in the Kanto Region, Japan, to ascertain the AMR status of Escherichia coli  (E. coli) prevalent in shelter dogs. E. coli was detected in the fecal samples of all 61 and 77 shelter dogs tested in Chiba and Kanagawa, respectively. The AMR was tested against 20 antibiotics. E. coli isolates derived from 16.4% and 26.0% of samples from Chiba and Kanagawa exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, respectively. E. coli in samples from Chiba and Kanagawa prefectures were commonly resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid; that from the Kanagawa Prefecture to cefazolin, cefotaxime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin and that from Chiba Prefecture to chloramphenicol and imipenem. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected in 18 dogs from both regions; β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaDHA-1, blaCTX-M-9 group CTX-M-14), quinolone-resistance protein genes (qnrB and qnrS), and mutations in quinolone-resistance-determining regions (gyrA and parC) were detected. These results could partially represent the AMR data in shelter dogs in the Kanto Region of Japan.

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