Uptake of Toxic Trace Metals (Cd, Pb) and Micro Nutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn) by Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Irrigated with Treated Effluents of Sugar Industry

Abstract The accumulation and translocation of trace metals in soil and in sugarcane crop irrigated with treated effluents from sugar industry compared to soil and sugarcane crop irrigated with bore-well water were determined. In the present study the impact of irrigation with treated effluent from the sugar industry on the trace metal contamination of sugarcane juice was assessed. It revealed that the mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil of fields irrigated with effluent and in juice from sugarcane grown on such fields were higher than those from bore-well water irrigated fields. The concentrations of trace metals in treated effluent exceeded the permissible limits of the Indian standards (Central Pollution Control Board-2000). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in juice of sugarcane grown on fields irrigated with effluent also exceeded the permissible limits of Indian standards and WHO/FAO expert committee recommendations. Their concentrations in juice of sugarcane grown in fields irrigated with bore-well water were within the limits of safety, except for Cd. The transfer factor for Zn was considerably higher than those of the other trace metals. The metal concentrations of sugarcane juice showed significant correlations with those of soil, which was not the case when bore well water was used for irrigation.

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Combined organic carbon and complete nitrogen removal using anaerobic and aerobic upflow filters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0629 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Joseph Akunna ◽

Claude Bizeau ◽

René Moletta ◽

Nicolas Bernet ◽

Alain Héduit

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Cod Removal Efficiency ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Treated Effluents ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Two laboratory upflow aerobic and anaerobic filters fed with synthetic wastewaters were used to study firstly the effects of aeration rate on the nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluents and secondly the effects of recycle-to-influent ratios on methane production rate, denitrification and nitrification performances of a combined aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluent was accompanied by aerobic post-treatment for residual COD removal. A comparison of nitrification performances using autotrophic medium and anaerobically pre-treated effluents (containing 1203 mg COD 1−1) with the same ammonia nitrogen concentration of about 300 mg NH4-N 1−1 showed that 3% of added ammonia nitrogen was assimilated by autotrophic nitrifiers during nitrification of the autotrophic medium while up to 30% was assimilated by both nitrifiers and heterotrophs during organic carbon removal and nitrification of anaerobically pre-treated effluent. Furthermore, it was suspected that significant nitrogen loss through denitrification occured in the aerobic filter especially at low aeration rates. In the study of the combined aerobic-anaerobic system, maximum ammonia nitrogen removal of 70% through denitrification was obtained at recycle-to-influent ratios of 4 and 5. COD removal efficiency in the anaerobic filter decreased from 77 to 60% for recycle-to-influent ratios of zero to 5. Overall COD removal efficiency of the entire system was constant at about 99% due to heterotrophic COD removal in the aerobic filter.

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Physicochemical analysis of bore-well water of Kheda district, Gujarat, India

Industrial Chemistry ◽

10.4172/2469-9764-c1-006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Disha Soni

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Well Water ◽

Bore Well

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DRINKING WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BORE WELL WATER IN PULICAT VILLAGE, THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

Strad Research ◽

10.37896/sr7.11/034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Well Water ◽

Bore Well

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Sugarcane fields: sources or sinks for greenhouse gas emissions?

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/a97026 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K. L. Weier

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Sugarcane Crop ◽

Management Procedures ◽

Degree Of Certainty ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

The quantities of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere from sugarcane fields, and their contribution to the total emissions from Australian agriculture, have never been estimated with any degree of certainty. This review was conducted to collate the available information on greenhouse gas emissions from the Australian sugarcane crop. Estimates were made for the emissions of the 3 major greenhouse gases―carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)―from known or suspected sources. Sinks for the sequestration of the gases also have been identified. CO2 was found to be emitted during burning of the crop and from trash-blanketed and bare sugarcane fields. Total emissions from these sources in the 1994 season were estimated at 7·6 Mt CO2-C/year. However, the sugarcane crop was identified as a major sink for C, with uptake by the crop in 1994 estimated at 13· 4 Mt CO2-C/year. N2O emanating from sugarcane soils via denitrification following application of fertiliser accounted for 45-78% of total gaseous N emissions. Estimates of N2O emissions from all land under sugarcane in 1994 totalled 4·4 kt N2O-N/year from denitrification with a further 6·3 kt N2O-N emitted from areas that are still burnt. This review suggests changes in management procedures that should limit the opportunities for denitrification in the soil and thus reduce N2O emissions. Methane evolution occurs during the smouldering phase, following burning of the crop, with production estimated at 6·7 kt CH4-C/year in 1994. CH4 oxidation in soil was identified as an important process for removal of atmospheric CH4, as were trash-blanketed soils. Although these figures are our best estimate of gaseous production from sugarcane fields, there still remains a degree of uncertainty due to sampling variability and because of the extrapolation to the entire sugarcane area. However, the coupling of new laser techniques with known micrometeorological methods will allow for a more precise sampling of greenhouse gas emissions over a larger area. Estimates would thus be more representative, resulting in a greater degree of confidence being placed in them by the sugar industry.

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Technological Effectiveness of Sugar-Industry Effluent Methane Fermentation in a Fluidized Active Filling Reactor (FAF-R)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13246626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 6626 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcin Dębowski ◽

Marcin Zieliński

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Organic Load ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Load Rate ◽

Industry Effluent ◽

The Impact

Technological solutions allowing the increase of the technological efficiency of anaerobic methods of wastewater treatment are still under investigation. The weaknesses of these solutions can be limited by the use of active fillings. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of fluidized active filling on the effectiveness of anaerobic treatment of sugar-industry effluent, the production efficiency and the qualitative composition of the biogas produced. High, comparable (p = 0.05) effluent treatment results were observed at tested organic load rates between 4.0 and 6.0 kg COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/m3·d. The COD removal rate reached over 74%, biogas yields ranged from 356 ± 25 to 427 ± 14 dm3/kg CODremoved and the average methane contents were approximately 70%. A significant decrease in effluent treatment efficiency and methane fermentation was observed after increasing the organic load rate to 8.0 kg COD/m3·d, which correlated with decreased pH and FOS/TAC (volatile organic acid and buffer capacity ratio) increased to 0.44 ± 0.2. The use of fluidized active filling led to phosphorus removal with an efficiency ranged from 64.4 ± 2.4 to 81.2 ± 8.2% depending on the stage. Low concentration of total suspended solids in the treated effluent was also observed.

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Sugarcane Juice Clarification by Hydrogen Peroxide: Predictions with Artificial Neural Networks

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2016-0199 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juliana Aparecida de Souza Sartori ◽

Katia Ribeiro ◽

Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira ◽

Nathalia Torres Correa Magri ◽

Juliana Lorenz Mandro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Sugarcane Juice ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Sucrose Content ◽

Ann Models ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Ph Range

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide has been studied as an alternative for sulfur in the white sugar industry. Sulfur has been associated to allergic diseases, mainly asthma. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) models are proposed to predict the effects of different variables (peroxidation time, temperature, pH, H2O2 dosage, and initial °Brix) on sugarcane juice color removal and sucrose content. Experimental results and the ANN models revealed that temperature showed the greatest influence on the decrease of juice color; nevertheless, the effect of temperature depended on pH: at pH<;5.0 a decrease in juice absorbance was observed at temperatures close to 38 °C, whereas in the pH range of 5.0–6.3, absorbance decreased only at about 50–62 °C, regardless of the amount of hydrogen peroxide used. On the other hand, the remaining sucrose content after peroxidation was influenced by the initial °Brix and by pH.

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Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

ISRN Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2014/727623 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abhay Raj ◽

Sharad Kumar ◽

Izharul Haq ◽

Mahadeo Kumar

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Control Plant ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Tannery Effluent ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Tannery Effluents ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Treated Effluents

Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.

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The utilization of chicken bone activated carbon as an adsorbent and its implementation in chemistry learning

CHEMPUBLISH JOURNAL ◽

10.22437/chp.v4i1.6795 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Siti Zulaiha

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Student Response ◽

Well Water ◽

Vocational High School ◽

High Concentration ◽

Metal Quality ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Chicken Bone ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Bore Well

Brownish yellow is one of the characteristics of bore well water which indicates a high concentration of iron (Fe) that will affect human health and damage the aesthetic value. This study aims to purify the bore well water by reducing the concentration of Fe metal by adsorption of chicken bone activated carbon (CBAC) and implementing the results of research on the material of colloidal adsorption properties at Pekanbaru Telkom Vocational High School. CBAC is made through 3 steps namely dehydration at 50oC, carbonization at 400oC and activation with HCl, formic acid and NaOH pa. Each 1 gram of CBAC is mixed with the volume varied by 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25 ml. Measurements of Fe metal concentrations were carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and the data obtained were then analyzed descriptively through tables and graphs. Maximum adsorption of CBAC was obtained in 20 ml of bore well water with a percentage reduction 99.92%. All results of treatment meet Fe metal quality standards as stipulated in Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation No. 416 of 1990. Analysis of student response questionnaires based on questionnaire analysis techniques obtained a cumulative value of 88.62% (very good).

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