scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Potted Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.) Grown in Zeolite Amended Sandy Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Olwetu A. Sindesi ◽  
Muinat N. Lewu ◽  
Bongani Ncube ◽  
Reckson Mulidzi ◽  
Francis B. Lewu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
General Improvement

Abstract Vegetables are essential components in human diets because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. There is a growing interest in human nutrition enhancement through vegetable consumption to reduce micro mineral deficiencies, especially in households with low buying power. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite amendment on the mineral composition of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), in relation to the soil chemical status. The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons (winter/spring) of 2018 and 2019. The treatments were in the ratios of 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7 zeolite to sandy soil, on a weight-to-weight basis. Zeolite improved soil chemical status (p < 0.05), except for soil iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) contents. There was also a general improvement of macro minerals in cabbage with increased zeolite application, especially in the second season. Zeolite did not improve the micronutrients of the vegetable. This indicates that cabbage planted under zeolite amended soils provides no additional contribution to the fight against micronutrient deficiencies. However, zeolite showed potential for soil conditioning in soil macronutrients and soil pH.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Food Fortification and Biofortification in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of Programs, Trends, Challenges, and Evidence Gaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia J. M. Osendarp ◽  
Homero Martinez ◽  
Greg S. Garrett ◽  
Lynnette M. Neufeld ◽  
Luz Maria De-Regil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Quality Of Delivery ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Food fortification and biofortification are well-established strategies to address micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations. However, the effectiveness of fortification programs is not only determined by the biological efficacy of the fortified foods but also by effective and sustainable implementation, which requires continual monitoring, quality assurance and control, and corrective measures to ensure high compliance. Objective: To provide an overview of efficacy, effectiveness, economics of food fortification and biofortification, and status of and challenges faced by large-scale food fortification programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods: A literature review of PubMed publications in English from 2000 to 2017, as well as gray literature, targeting nongovernmental organizations whose work focuses on this topic, complemented by national reports and a “snowball” process of citation searching. The article describes remaining technical challenges, barriers, and evidence gap and prioritizes recommendations and next steps to further accelerate progress and potential of impact. Results: The review identifies and highlights essential components of successful programs. It also points out issues that determine poor program performance, including lack of adequate monitoring and enforcement and poor compliance with standards by industry. Conclusions: In the last 17 years, large-scale food fortification initiatives have been reaching increasingly larger segments of populations in LMIC. Large-scale food fortification and biofortification should be part of other nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive efforts to prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies. There are remaining technical and food system challenges, especially in relation to improving coverage and quality of delivery and measuring progress of national programs.

Nutritional value and health benefits of horticulture.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bodily Function ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Daily consumption of fruit and vegetables is encouraged as important for human health and nutrition because the vitamins, minerals, essential micronutrients, fibre, vegetable proteins and bio-functional components they provide are crucial for bodily function. The FAO/WHO expert consultation (2004) on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases recommended a daily intake of 400 g (five portions) of fruits and vegetables (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers) to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity. However, despite this recognition, world-wide per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables is estimated to be 20-50% short of the minimum recommended level. In 2013 an estimated 5.2 million deaths worldwide were attributable to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Adhering to the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake can prevent morbidity and mortality caused by micronutrient deficiencies, birth defects, mental and physical retardation, weakened immune systems, blindness and even death. Improving the dietary diversity through horticulture-based food intake is an effective and sustainable approach to combating micronutrient malnutrition in both developed and developing countries (Kennedy et al., 2003).

scholarly journals Phytosterols Inhibit Side-Chain Oxysterol Mediated Activation of LXR in Breast Cancer Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A. Hutchinson ◽  
Priscilia Lianto ◽  
J. Bernadette Moore ◽  
Thomas A. Hughes ◽  
James L. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Essential Components

Low fruit and vegetable consumption and high saturated fat consumption causes elevated circulating cholesterol and are breast cancer risk factors. During cholesterol metabolism, oxysterols form that bind and activate the liver X receptors (LXRs). Oxysterols halt breast cancer cell proliferation but enhance metastatic colonization, indicating tumour suppressing and promoting roles. Phytosterols and phytostanols in plants, like cholesterol in mammals, are essential components of the plasma membrane and biochemical precursors, and in human cells can alter LXR transcriptional activity. Here, a panel of breast cancer cell lines were treated with four dietary plant sterols and a stanol, alone or in combination with oxysterols. LXR activation and repression were measured by gene expression and LXR-luciferase reporter assays. Oxysterols activated LXR in all cell lines, but surprisingly phytosterols failed to modulate LXR activity. However, phytosterols significantly inhibited the ability of oxysterols to drive LXR transcription. These data support a role for phytosterols in modulating cancer cell behaviour via LXR, and therefore suggest merit in accurate dietary recordings of these molecules in cancer patients during treatment and perhaps supplementation to benefit recovery.

Determination and Evaluation Employing Multivariate Analysis of the Mineral Composition of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica)

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. P. dos Santos ◽  
Jeane S. Lima ◽  
Daniela S. Anunciação ◽  
Anderson S. Souza ◽  
Daniele C. M. B. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

DYNAMICS OF ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING OF DRY MATTER AND FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN PLANT FRACTIONS OF FORAGE CEREALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. IANNUCCI ◽  
M. PIZZILLO ◽  
G. ANNICCHIARICO ◽  
M. FRAGASSO ◽  
V. FEDELE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Interesting Species

SUMMARYDuring growth, several cereals store significant amounts of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), which have important prebiotic properties. Cereal forage crops are also essential components of many Mediterranean agricultural systems, although little information is available on their dynamics of accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and FOS during growth. Oat (Avena sativaL.,cv. ‘Flavia’ andcv. ‘Genziana’), emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccumSchrank,cv. ‘Giovanni Paolo’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL.,cv. ‘Diomede’) and triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack,cv. ‘Rigel’) were investigated for their synthesis of FOS, with a view to development of management approaches for harvesting high-quality forage, and to determine whether these species can be used as natural sources of FOS for commercial use. The study was conducted at Foggia (Italy) and Bella (Potenza, Italy) over two growing seasons (2008–2009; 2009–2010). Dry-matter accumulation and FOS contents were determined for plant fractions from heading to kernel-hard stages. There were large variations across these species for dry-matter partitioning and dry-matter yield (greatest for triticale: 1.24 kg m−2), and for FOS levels of total plants and plant fractions. Emmer wheat and triticale showed greater FOS production (52.0, 41.1 g m−2, respectively). Barley, emmer wheat and triticale showed higher FOS levels in total plants (4.11%, 5.93%, 4.33% dry matter, respectively). Barley, emmer wheat and triticale appear to be the most interesting species for production of forage biomass rich in FOS and as natural FOS sources for industrial use.

scholarly journals Vegetable Consumption Pattern of Households in Selected Areas of the old Rivers State in Nigeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
Alexander D Hart ◽  
◽  
Azubuike CU ◽  
Barimalaa IS ◽  
SC Achinewhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

The vegetable consumption pattern of households in selected areas in the old Rivers State (now Rivers and Bayelsa States) in Nigeria was investigated. Areas studied were Port Harcourt the State capital, Igwuruta, Ahoada and Kaiama. Results showed that mothers consumed 59 ± 0.45g to 130 ± 2.04g/person/day of vegetables between the months of May and July, the peak season of vegetable production. Factors that influenced vegetable consumption were found to be chiefly season and culture. Other factors were availability/price for 43.8% of households in Kaiama, a riverine community, while taste and nutrition knowledge wielded minor influences. Leafy vegetables were consumed at least four times per week in Igwuruta and Port Harcourt, while households in Ahoada and Kaiama, where culture had strong influence, consumed them only occasionally. Vegetables consumed were mainly pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentialis) and okro (Abelmoschus esculentus) in areas where season played a strong role. In areas where culture had a strong influence, bitterleaf, a leafy vegetable that undergoes rigorous process of squeezing and washing and is only scantly used in soups, was the vegetable of choice. Other vegetables less frequently consumed were Amaranthus hybridus, Pterocarpus spp., Gnetum africanum and Piper guineense leaves. These were used chiefly in various soup dishes eaten as accompaniments with the starchy staples. Other dishes in which leafy vegetables were consumed were pottage in those areas of high vegetable consumption, and occasionally in stew by all households investigated. Household size of 5 to 8 persons consumed their soup dishes between two and four days, while larger households of nine and above ate their soups in one day. However, households with deep freezer facilities stored their soup dishes for up to seven days. In spite of the reasonable consumption of vegetables during the peak season of production, reports of micronutrient deficiencies in Nigeria are rife, indicating a need for intervention. Possible reasons for the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies are seasonal variations in vegetable production, inadequate processing and preservation of vegetables for all year distribution and culture which may limit adequate consumption of leafy vegetables even when they are in abundance. This situation underscores the need for nutrition education, coupled with a program on dietary diversification to create awareness, increase production, processing, preservation and consumption of vegetables.

scholarly journals FOLIAR FEEDING WITH ZINC AS A BIOFORTIFICATION STRATEGY IN MAIZE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
ANA STELLA FREIRE GONÇALVES ◽  
RENZO GARCIA VON PINHO ◽  
LUIZ ROBERTO GUIMARÃES GUILHERME ◽  
JOSÉ EDUARDO BORGES FURTADO ◽  
FRANCIELLY DE CÁSSIA PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification ◽  
Selection Of

Human zinc malnutrition is a concern in the contemporary scenario. Ranked among the serious micronutrient deficiencies and considered a major cause of child mortality, especially in developing countries. Cereals, such as maize (Zea mays L.), food source in these countries, show low zinc concentration. In view of this, biofortification has been shown promise to increase the nutrient content in staple foods and to improve their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of maize genotypes in relation to yield and zinc concentration in grains and leaves as a function of zinc sulfate doses in two growing seasons. A total of 17 commercial hybrids were evaluated in three doses (0, 5, and 10g L-1 ha-1). The zinc concentration was quantified by acid digestion, followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer analysis. Any change was observed in grain yield as a function of the doses. Higher doses applied near flowering resulted in higher concentrations of the micronutrient in the grains. However, the concentrations in the grains were, on average, below the value established by the Harvest Plus biofortification program. The results provide information for the selection of genotypes with zinc uptake potential aiming at food safety through agronomic biofortification.

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