scholarly journals Enzyme Activity as an Indicator of Soil Quality in Sterile Waste Heap

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Dodocioiu ◽  
Cristina Babeanu ◽  
Diana Gilda Buzatu
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Zonal Soil

Abstract Recent research reports that enzymes accumulated in soil participate in the cycles of elements and contribute to soil fertility. The purpose of this paper is to determine the enzymatic activity and the humus content in the materials from waste heap in order to assess their fertility and to establish possible re-cultivation technologies. The investigations were carried out on materials from the Pesteana North waste heap. In order to achieve this, the activity of catalase, invertase, urease and phosphatase activity was determined in different plots of the heap during the summer and as a control the zonal soil was used. Enzymatic activities were colorimetric assay using appropriate substrates. The obtained results show a large variation in the values of the determined enzymatic activities. In all investigated plots, all enzymes are found to be lower than those determined for the zonal soil. A strong positive correlation is observed between enzymatic activities of catalase and invertase and the accumulation of humus which demonstrates that enzymatic activities has a useful tool for studying the evolution of heap materials to agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Ecological features of enzyme activity distribution in edaphotops of technogenic landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
I. V. Wagner ◽  
V. V. Katsevych
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Ecological Features

Specific features of distribution total, available phosphorus concentrations and levels of phosphatase enzymatic activity at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams in the Nikopol manganese ore basin are established. It is presented general assessment of technosoil status by evaluation of phosphatase enzyme activity; this enzyme enriches the soil with mineral phosphorus and thereby improves its availability for living organisms. Among current bioindication methodology, soil enzymatic method is the most reliable and promising because enzymatic activity serves a stable indicator of soil biogenicity in comparison with other indicators. Soil enzymatic activity determines both intensity and targeting of biogeochemical processes. High correlation between concentrations of soluble phosphorus and phosphatase activity values by layers of artificial soil (r = 0.87), sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green (r = 0.77), red-brown clays (r = 0.62) and onto loess-like loam (r = 0.95) was determined. Tendency of decreasing hydrolytic enzyme activity, phosphatase, with depth in all types of artificial soil studied was established. High efficiency of the enzymatic activity study in diagnostics of soil fertility dynamics under impact of various anthropogenic and natural ecosystems was determined. Advantages of using this method are capability to determine rapidly the changes occurring in ecosystems in the early stages of degradation processes and prediction of their targeting and, accordingly, their intensity. It has been found that levels of phosphatase activity and values of mobile phosphorus compounds in complex biogeocoenotic systems are sensitive quantitative indicators of changes in environmental conditions in man-made environment, and they generate good data about processes occurred within the soil column. The use of phosphatase activity level can be a reliable and promising method on biomonitoring of technogenic edaphotops.

scholarly journals PURIFICATION OF GLUTARALDEHYDE ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR PRESERVATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DARIUSH FAHIMI ◽  
PIERRE DROCHMANS ◽  
A. POPOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

The inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in rat liver homogenates after fixation in different lots of commercial glutaraldehyde is determined and compared with the inhibition following fixation with a distilled product. It is shown that commercial glutaraldehydes inhibit more of the enzyme activity than the distilled product. The acidic products of oxidation of glutaraldehyde do not increase the inhibition of the enzymatic activity. The presence of high concentration of inorganic phosphates in different lots of commercial glutaraldehyde, as presented here, suggests that probably such impurities may be responsible for increased inhibition of phosphatase activity noted after fixation in commercial glutaraldehydes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alfalfa Mineral Fertilization and Times of Soil Sampling on Enzymatic Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Barbara Symanowicz ◽  
Wojciech Skorupka ◽  
Marcin Becher ◽  
Dawid Jaremko ◽  
Sebastian Krasuski
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

This study examined changes in soil enzymatic activity caused by constant mineral fertilization with NPK and diversified fertilization with Fe and Mo micronutrients. A field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in Siedlce (central-eastern Poland) between 2012 and 2014. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as the test plant. The first factor consisted of fertilization treatments: control; NPK; NPKFe1; NPKMo1; NPKFe1Mo1; NPKFe2; NPKMo2, and NPKFe2Mo2. The second factor was composed of the time of soil sampling (15 August 2012, 20 September 2012, 17 June 2013, and 20 July 2014). Mineral fertilization was applied: N-20; P-22; K-124.5; Fe1-0.5; Mo1-0.5; Fe2-1.0; Mo2-1.0 kg ha−1. Application of molybdenum (Mo2-1.0 kg ha−1) in alfalfa fertilized with NPK was optimal for obtaining the beneficial nitrogenase activity. The applied NPKFe1Mo1 fertilization in alfalfa cultivation was optimized to achieve high dehydrogenases activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and acid phosphatase activity. The highest of soil urease activity was determined in soil fertilized with NPKFe2Mo2. The biochemical index (BCHI) of soil fertility reached its highest mean value (254.9) after applying the NPKFe1Mo1. A high BCHI soil fertility index indicates the possibility of generating high alfalfa yields and maintaining good soil culture.

The crystal structure of human UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reveals a latch effect that influences enzymatic activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 442 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Yu ◽  
Xiaofeng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
End To End

UGPase (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) is highly conserved among eukaryotes. UGPase reversibly catalyses the formation of UDP-glucose and is critical in carbohydrate metabolism. Previous studies have mainly focused on the UGPases from plants, fungi and parasites, and indicate that the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the enzyme activity vary among different organisms. In the present study, the crystal structure of hUGPase (human UGPase) was determined and shown to form octamers through end-to-end and side-by-side interactions. The observed latch loop in hUGPase differs distinctly from yUGPase (yeast UGPase), which could explain why hUGPase and yUGPase possess different enzymatic activities. Mutagenesis studies showed that both dissociation of octamers and mutations of the latch loop can significantly affect the UGPase activity. Moreover, this latch effect is also evolutionarily meaningful in UGPase from different species.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidative, Oxidoreductive and Detoxification Enzymes during Development of Aphids and Temperature Increase

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Roma Durak ◽  
Jan Dampc ◽  
Monika Kula-Maximenko ◽  
Mateusz Mołoń ◽  
Tomasz Durak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Temperature, being the main factor that has an influence on insects, causes changes in their development, reproduction, winter survival, life cycles, migration timing, and population dynamics. The effects of stress caused by a temperature increase on insects may depend on many factors, such as the frequency, amplitude, duration of the stress, sex, or the developmental stage of the insect. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the enzymatic activity of nymphs and adult aphids Aphis pomi, Macrosiphum rosae and Cinara cupressi, and changes in their response to a temperature increase from 20 to 28 °C. The activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid tissues was analysed for three constant temperatures. The results of our research showed that the enzymatic activity of aphids (measured as the activity of antioxidant, detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes) was mainly determined by the type of morph. We observed a strong positive correlation between the activity of the detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes and aphids’ development, and a negative correlation between the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and aphids’ development. Moreover, the study showed that an increase in temperature caused changes in enzyme activity (especially SOD, CAT and β-glucosidase), which was highest at 28 °C, in both nymphs and adults. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between metabolic activity (heat flow measured by microcalorimeter) and longevity was observed, which confirmed the relationship between these characteristics of aphids. The antioxidant enzyme system is more efficient in aphid nymphs, and during aphid development the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreases. The antioxidant enzyme system in aphids appears to deliver effective protection for nymphs and adults under stressful conditions, such as high temperatures.

scholarly journals Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria cells cultured with diphosphonates

1979 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Felix ◽  
H Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Inhibitor Of Protein Synthesis

1. Dichloromethanediphosphonate and to a lesser degree 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate, two compounds characterized by a P-C-P bond, increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured rat calvaria cells up to 30 times in a dose-dependent fashion. 2. Both diphosphonates also slightly inhibited the protein synthesis in these cells. 3. Thymidine, an inhibitor of cell division, did not inhibit the induction of the enzyme, indicating that the increase in enzyme activity was not due to the formation of a specific population of cells with high alkaline phosphatase activity. 4. The effect on alkaline phosphatase was suppressed by the addition of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. 5. After subculturing the stimulated cells in medium without diphosphonates, the enzyme activity fell almost to the control value. 6. Bovine parathyrin diminished the enzyme activity of the control cells and the cells treated with dichloromethanediphosphonate; however, at high concentration the effect of parathyrin was greater on the diphosphonate-treated cells than on the control cells. 7. The electrophoretic behaviour, heat inactivation, inhibition by bromotetramisole or by phenylalanine, and the Km value of the induced enzyme were identical with that of the control enzyme.

scholarly journals Regulation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1-dependent Gene Expression through Promoter-directed Recruitment of a Nuclear NAD+ Synthase

2012 ◽  
Vol 287 (15) ◽  
pp. 12405-12416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Jhoanna G. Berrocal ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Michelle E. DuMond ◽  
Raga Krishnakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Parp 1

NMNAT-1 and PARP-1, two key enzymes in the NAD+ metabolic pathway, localize to the nucleus where integration of their enzymatic activities has the potential to control a variety of nuclear processes. Using a variety of biochemical, molecular, cell-based, and genomic assays, we show that NMNAT-1 and PARP-1 physically and functionally interact at target gene promoters in MCF-7 cells. Specifically, we show that PARP-1 recruits NMNAT-1 to promoters where it produces NAD+ to support PARP-1 catalytic activity, but also enhances the enzymatic activity of PARP-1 independently of NAD+ production. Furthermore, using two-photon excitation microscopy, we show that NMNAT-1 catalyzes the production of NAD+ in a nuclear pool that may be distinct from other cellular compartments. In expression microarray experiments, depletion of NMNAT-1 or PARP-1 alters the expression of about 200 protein-coding genes each, with about 10% overlap between the two gene sets. NMNAT-1 enzymatic activity is required for PARP-1-dependent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation at the promoters of commonly regulated target genes, as well as the expression of those target genes. Collectively, our studies link the enzymatic activities of NMNAT-1 and PARP-1 to the regulation of a set of common target genes through functional interactions at target gene promoters.

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