scholarly journals Rare Case of Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma Invading the Vermiform Appendix

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Ciprian Tănăsescu ◽  
Mihai Faur ◽  
Ioan Bombea ◽  
Andrei Moisin
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Cancer Genetic ◽  
Normal Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the top of the most common neoplasms in both women and men, with a high mortality rate. In the etiopathogenesis of colorectal cancer, genetic and environmental factors play an important role. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the incidence of new cases and mortality among patients over the age of 50. This can be explained by the application of modern multimodal treatment methods as well as by increasing the use of screening methods. Particular attention should be paid to inherited syndromes such as Lynch syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, which together account for 5% of all colorectal cancers. It was found that an accumulation of genetic mutations over a period of 10 to 15 years, leads to changes in the normal colonic epithelium, with the eventual appearance of invasive carcinoma.(1,2)

scholarly journals Polyp Genetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Coen Klos ◽  
Sekhar Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Targeted Therapeutics ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Normal Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Genetic Events

AbstractThe genetic events involved in the transformation of normal colonic epithelium to neoplastic polyps to invasive carcinoma, as initially proposed by Fearon and Vogelstein, form the foundation of our understanding of colorectal cancer. The identification of the polyp as the precursor lesion to colorectal cancer is the basis of many of our current practices for screening, surveillance, and prevention. The last three decades have seen a veritable explosion in our understanding of the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. It is now clear that there are multiple genetic pathways in the polyp to carcinoma sequence. Some polyps previously thought to be nonneoplastic have now been shown to have malignant potential. Finally, increased understanding of the sequence of genetic events has led to the development of targeted therapeutics. The clinical translation of these scientific advances has made a significant impact on the management of patients with colorectal cancer. Accordingly, it is imperative that all clinicians caring for these patients have an understanding of the genetics of colorectal polyps and cancer. In this article, we review the etiology and genetic pathways to carcinoma associated with a range of polyps of the colon and rectum.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Screening Methods and Molecular Markers for Early Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382098042
Author(s):  
Ziwei Wu ◽  
You Li ◽  
Yibin Zhang ◽  
Hui Hu ◽  
Tangwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Methylation Assay ◽  
Advanced Adenomas ◽  
Advanced Development

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract in humans. The development of colorectal cancer is composed of multiple stages, starting with benign adenomatous polyps in the inner wall of the large intestine and rectum, and then gradually developing. Then it developed into advanced adenomas carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Represents the distant metastasis of the most advanced development. The purpose of this review is to novel routine screening and diagnostic methods (e.g., Endoscopy and CT colonoscopy, SEPT9 methylation assay, Fecal test) and find reliable molecular markers for early diagnosis of CRC.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Promote Intestinal Tumor Progression in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan V. Zou ◽  
Kristell Le Gal ◽  
Ahmed E. El Zowalaty ◽  
Lara E. Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Viktor Garellick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Intestinal Tumor ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Intestinal Tumors ◽  
The Impact

Dietary antioxidants and supplements are widely used to protect against cancer, even though it is now clear that antioxidants can promote tumor progression by helping cancer cells to overcome barriers of oxidative stress. Although recent studies have, in great detail, explored the role of antioxidants in lung and skin tumors driven by RAS and RAF mutations, little is known about the impact of antioxidant supplementation on other cancers, including Wnt-driven tumors originating from the gut. Here, we show that supplementation with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E promotes intestinal tumor progression in the ApcMin mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary form of colorectal cancer, driven by Wnt signaling. Both antioxidants increased tumor size in early neoplasias and tumor grades in more advanced lesions without any impact on tumor initiation. Importantly, NAC treatment accelerated tumor progression at plasma concentrations comparable to those obtained in human subjects after prescription doses of the drug. These results demonstrate that antioxidants play an important role in the progression of intestinal tumors, which may have implications for patients with or predisposed to colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Dual Roles of the Activin Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Wanglong Qiu ◽  
Chia-Yu Kuo ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Gloria H. Su
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Cancer Genetic ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Activin Signaling ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Related Proteins

Activin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is involved in many physiological processes, such as embryonic development and follicle development, as well as in multiple human diseases including cancer. Genetic mutations in the activin signaling pathway have been reported in many cancer types, indicating that activin signaling plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Recent evidence reveals that activin signaling may function as a tumor-suppressor in tumor initiation, and a promoter in the later progression and metastasis of tumors. This article reviews many aspects of activin, including the signaling cascade of activin, activin-related proteins, and its role in tumorigenesis, particularly in pancreatic cancer development. The mechanisms regulating its dual roles in tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated. Further understanding of the activin signaling pathway may identify potential therapeutic targets for human cancers and other diseases.

scholarly journals Scope of Artificial Intelligence in Screening and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Goyal ◽  
Rupinder Mann ◽  
Zainab Gandhi ◽  
Abhilash Perisetti ◽  
Aman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Magnifying Chromoendoscopy

Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignancy. It causes significant mortality and morbidity, which can be reduced by early diagnosis with an effective screening test. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and computer-aided detection (CAD) with screening methods has shown promising colorectal cancer screening results. AI could provide a “second look” for endoscopists to decrease the rate of missed polyps during a colonoscopy. It can also improve detection and characterization of polyps by integration with colonoscopy and various advanced endoscopic modalities such as magnifying narrow-band imaging, endocytoscopy, confocal endomicroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, and magnifying chromoendoscopy. This descriptive review discusses various AI and CAD applications in colorectal cancer screening, polyp detection, and characterization.

scholarly journals Colorectal cancer risk variants on 11q23 and 15q13 are associated with unexplained adenomatous polyposis

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik J Hes ◽  
Dina Ruano ◽  
Marry Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Carli M Tops ◽  
Melanie Schrumpf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Risk Variants

Provinciale responsverschillen in het Vlaamse Bevolkingsonderzoek Dikkedarmkanker: inzichten uit gemeentelijke socio-demografische en gezondheidsgerelateerde kenmerken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. TRAN ◽  
G. VAN HAL ◽  
M. PEETERS ◽  
S. JIDKOVA ◽  
S. HOECK
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Medical File ◽  
Crc Screening

Municipal characteristics associated with response rate to organised colorectal cancer screening in Flanders Introduction In Flanders (Belgium), the response rate to organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is still suboptimal (~ 50%). We studied the characteristics of municipalities in the Flemish provinces with the highest and lowest response rates to explore factors that might be associated with the response rate to organised CRC screening. Methods The response rates of municipalities in 5 Flemish provinces and the characteristics of municipalities in the provinces with the highest and lowest response rates were compared to the average measures of Flanders (data 2017) using an unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test. Results The municipal response rates in Limburg and Antwerp were significantly higher, and those in West Flanders and Flemish Brabant significantly lower compared to Flanders. Further analyses of Limburg (highest response rate) and Flemish Brabant (lowest response rate) suggested that municipalities with higher response rates had more men and people aged 60-64 in the target population, more jobseekers and more people who contacted GPs/specialists frequently, but fewer people aged 70-74 in the target population and with a lower average income compared to Flanders. In contrast, municipalities with lower response rates had fewer men in the target population, fewer people having a partner, fewer jobseekers and fewer people having a global medical file, but more people with a non-Dutch or non-Belgian nationality and a higher average income (p-values < 0.01). Conclusion This exploratory study identifies certain demographic, socioeconomic and health‑related municipal characteristics that may be related to the response rate to CRC screening in Flanders. These findings can guide future research and investigations with the aim to improve the response rate to CRC screening.

Appendiceal adenocarcinoma with breast metastases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240808
Author(s):  
Timothy Davies ◽  
Tarak Chouari ◽  
Christopher Ray ◽  
Suzanne Elgammal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Simple Mastectomy ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Malignant lesions of the vermiform appendix make up a rare subset of colorectal cancer. While colorectal cancer frequently metastasises to the liver, lung, regional lymph nodes and peritoneum, metastasis to the breast is extremely rare. Here, we describe the case of an 84-year-old woman who had the incidental finding of appendiceal adenocarcinoma following emergency laparoscopic appendectomy. She declined further operative or adjuvant treatment for her disease. She represented 1 year later with metastatic appendiceal adenocarcinoma disease to her left breast. A simple mastectomy for symptomatic treatment was performed. In this report, we describe the first case of appendiceal adenocarcinoma metastases to the breast. Due to its rarity, there is a paucity of evidence related to the management of this condition. The limited evidence is reviewed and discussed.

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