Selected metabolic, epigenetic, nitration and redox parameters in turkeys fed diets with different levels of arginine and methionine

Abstract The amino acid guidelines formulated by British United Turkeys postulate higher levels of lysine (Lys) in turkey diets than those recommended by the National Research Council. However, any modifications in the Lys content of turkey diets should be accompanied by changes in the inclusion rates of other amino acids, including methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg). The research hypothesis postulates that the appropriate inclusion levels and ratios of arginine and methionine in turkey diets with high lysine content can improve the antioxidant status of turkeys without compromising their metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different Arg and Met ratios in Lys-rich diets on biochemical indicators, redox status and epigenetic changes in turkeys. The turkeys were assigned to six groups with eight replicates per group and 18 birds per replicate. Six feeding programs, with three dietary Arg levels (90%, 100% and 110%) and two dietary Met levels (30% and 45%) relative to dietary Lys content were compared. During each of the four feeding phases, birds were fed ad libitum isocaloric diets with high Lys content. Our results show, that in growing turkeys fed diets with high Lys content, the inclusion rate of Arg can be set at 90% of Lys content with no negative effects on their antioxidant status, metabolism or performance. Diets with high Arg content (110% Lys) are not recommended due to the risk of lipid and protein damage, and an undesirable increase in insulin and T4 levels. Regardless of dietary Arg levels, an increase in the Met inclusion rate from 30% to 45% of Lys content minimizes the oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA, and increases the antioxidant defense potential of turkeys.

Download Full-text

Using different levels of glycerine, glucose, or sucrose in broiler starter diets to overcome negative effects of delayed feed access on growth performance

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2017-0039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 311-324

Author(s):

Anhao Wang ◽

Derek Anderson ◽

Bruce Rathgeber

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Crude Glycerine ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Feeding Programs ◽

Different Levels

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of glycerine, glucose, or sucrose in broiler starter diets to overcome negative effects of delayed feed access. In trial 1, 2160 newly hatched chicks (mixed sexed) were randomly assigned to two feeding programs (immediate vs. 36 h delayed feed access). Nine starter diets prepared with crude glycerine, glucose, or sucrose fed at 0%, 4%, or 8% levels were fed during the first 14 d post hatch (PH). In trial 2, 720 male and 720 female newly hatched chicks were randomly assigned to two feeding programs (immediate vs. 48 h delayed feed access). Starter diets fed during the first 14 d of feed access, consisted of a control, 8% glycerine, or 8% glucose. In both trials, a common grower and finisher diet were fed during days 14–24 and 25–35, respectively. Body weight and feed consumed were measured on 7, 14, 24, and 35 d. In trial 1, all 8% diet-fed birds were heavier compared with the control on day 35 PH (2259 vs. 2198 g, P < 0.01). Birds fed glycerine starter diets had improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during 22–35 d (P < 0.01). In trial 2, glycerine diet resulted in heavier birds after 35 d of feed access, compared with birds fed control and glucose diets immediately after hatch (2373 vs. 2276 g, P < 0.01). Dietary inclusion of 8% glycerine can assist newly hatched broiler chicks to overcome delayed feed access induced growth suppression.

Download Full-text

DYNAMICS OF BARLEY FLAVONOID AND PRODUCTIVITY UNDER UF-A RADIATION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/4/14-18 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

L. I. Goncharova ◽

P. N. Tsygvintsev ◽

О. А. Guseva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Malonic Dialdehyde ◽

Growth Period ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Uv Spectrum ◽

Quantum Energy ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Universal Mechanism

The effect of increased UV-A radiation during the ontogeny of barley plants of the Vladimir variety in the vegetation experiment was studied. Changes in the content of malonic dialdehyde, flavonoids and grain yield were revealed. UV-A radiation as compared to UV-B radiation, has lower quantum energy and can have both positive and negative effects on plant regulatory and photosynthetic processes. One of the most damaging effects of increased levels of UV-A radiation is oxidative stress, which causes lipid peroxidation of biological membranes. The existence of a plant cell in such conditions is possible only thanks to a system of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The accumulation of phenolic compounds under the action of UV radiation is a universal mechanism of protection against photodamage, which was formed in the early stages of the evolution of photoautotrophic organisms. Flavonoids are localized in the epidermis of plant tissues and act as an internal filter. The content of flavonoids is determined by the genotype and due to ontogenetic patterns. Plants were grown in a greenhouse, in vessels containing 4.5 kg of air-dry soil. The repetition is threefold (3 vessels in each variant). Sowing density - 13 plants in each vessel. As a source of UV-A radiation used lamps Black Light BLUE company Philips. Plants were irradiated for 5 hours a day from 10 to 15 hours at 13, 25, 34, 43 and 52 stages of organogenesis. The magnitude of the daily biologically effective dose of UV-A radiation was 60.7 kJ / m2. The solar part of the UV spectrum in the vegetation experiment was absent in the greenhouse. The nature of changes in the content of flavonoids under the action of UV-A irradiation during the growing season of plants with the dynamics of the oxidative process has been established. The first maximum was observed during the vegetative growth period, the second - at the earing stage. The data obtained indicate that flavonoids have ontogenetic conditionality and perform photoprotective functions. The increase in their content under the action of UV-A radiation is accompanied by an increase in resistance to photodamage, which is confirmed by the formation of grain yield.

Download Full-text

Cyclic Voltammetry in Biological Samples: A Systematic Review of Methods and Techniques Applicable to Clinical Settings

Signals ◽

10.3390/signals2010012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 138-158

Author(s):

Hsiang-Wei Wang ◽

Cameron Bringans ◽

Anthony J. R. Hickey ◽

John A. Windsor ◽

Paul A. Kilmartin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Clinical Setting ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Redox Status ◽

Electrochemical Technique ◽

Processing And Storage

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, but there is no accurate measurement of oxidative stress or antioxidants that has utility in the clinical setting. Cyclic Voltammetry is an electrochemical technique that has been widely used for analyzing redox status in industrial and research settings. It has also recently been applied to assess the antioxidant status of in vivo biological samples. This systematic review identified 38 studies that used cyclic voltammetry to determine the change in antioxidant status in humans and animals. It focusses on the methods for sample preparation, processing and storage, experimental setup and techniques used to identify the antioxidants responsible for the voltammetric peaks. The aim is to provide key information to those intending to use cyclic voltammetry to measure antioxidants in biological samples in a clinical setting.

Download Full-text

Are insulin-resistance and oxidative stress cause or consequence of aging

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370220929621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 245 (14) ◽

pp. 1260-1267

Author(s):

Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak ◽

Dorota Stołtny ◽

Alicja Brożek ◽

Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń ◽

Ewa Wysocka

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Markers

Insulin resistance (IR) may be associated with oxidative stress and leads to cardiovascular disorders. Current research focuses on interplay between insulin-resistance indices and oxidant-antioxidant markers in elderly individuals with or without insulin-resistance. The assessment involved anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, percentage of body fat (FAT)) and biochemical tests (glucose, lipids, serum insulin and plasma oxidant-antioxidant markers: Thiobarbituric Acid-Reacting Substances (TBARS), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and total antioxidant status). Insulin resistance index (IR) assuming a cut-off point of 0.3 allows to divides groups into: insulin sensitive group (InsS) IR < 0,3 ( n = 35, median age 69.0 years) and insulin-resistant group (InsR) IR ≥ 0.3 ( n = 51, median age 71.0 years). Lipids and antioxidant defense system markers did not differentiate the investigated groups. In the InsR elderly group, the FAT was increased ( P < 0.000003) and TBARS ( P = 0.008) concentration decreased in comparison with InsS group. A positive correlation for SOD-1 and total antioxidant status ( P < 0.05; r = 0.434) and a negative correlation for TBARS and age ( P < 0.05 with r = −0.421) were calculated in InsR individuals. In elderly individuals, oxidative stress persists irrespective of insulin-resistance status. We suggest that increased oxidative stress may be consequence of old age. An insulin action identifies those at high risk for atherosclerosis, via congruent associations with oxidative stress and extra- and intra-cellular antioxidant defense systems. Thus, we maintain that insulin-resistance is not the cause of aging. Impact statement Insulin resistance is associated with oxidative stress leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, little research has been performed examining elderly individuals with or without insulin-resistance. We demonstrate that antioxidant defense systems alone is not able to abrogate insulin action in elderly individuals at high risk for atherosclerosis, whereas the combined oxidant-antioxidant markers (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), and total antioxidant status (TAS)) might be more efficient and perhaps produce better clinical outcome. In fact, a decrease in oxidative stress and strong interaction between antioxidant defense can be seen only among insulin-resistant elderly individuals. This is, in our opinion, valuable information for clinicians, since insulin-resistance is considered strong cardiovascular risk factor.

Download Full-text

Prospects for the use of highly effective and safe stimulants of embryogenesis in poultry farming

Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202106007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 42-50

Author(s):

I. I. Kochish ◽

◽

T. A. Sadovskaya ◽

T. O. Azarnova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Defense Enzymes ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽

Active Substances ◽

Poultry Farming

To increase the embryonic and postembryonic viability of poultry, along with selection work, optimization of the microclimate parameters of poultry houses and rations, it is also advisable to develop resource-saving and environmentally friendly methods of using biologically active substances. It was shown that the treatment of eggs with a composition of solutions of natural metabolites (colamine, succinic acid and Ribav) in optimal concentrations stopped and prevented the negative effects of stress. Positive biochemical and morphological changes were observed in the development of chick embryos. An increase in chick withdrawal, a decrease in all incubation waste, an increase in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum of chickens were found.

Download Full-text

Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2224

Author(s):

Mira Rahman ◽

Khussboo Rahman ◽

Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽

Md. Mahabub Alam ◽

Kamrun Nahar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

H2o2 Content ◽

Mda Content ◽

Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

Download Full-text

Effect of 12 Months of Exercise with Stachys Lavandulifolia Consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome Profiles and Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxidation in Women with Syndrome Metabolic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129277/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali osali ◽

Alireza Rostami

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Training Group ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Before And After

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 months of aerobic exercise combining stachys lavandulifolia (S. lavandulifolia) consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome profiles and antioxidant defense (Glutathione) and lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) in 50-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.Methods48 women with syndrome Metabolic were randomly divided into four groups: exercise (n=12), exercise+S. lavandulifolia (n=12), S. lavandulifolia (n=12) and control group (n=12). S. lavandulifolia groups consumed 3 g aerial parts of S. lavandulifolia daily. Training groups performed an exercise protocol of aerobic exercise for 12 months (three sessions per week). Blood samples were obtained before and after training period for antioxidant indicators and lipid degradation measurement. Also, Beck anxiety questionnaire used for evaluating levels of anxiety. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of within-group and between-group differences, respectively.ResultsA significant increase was observed in serum levels of Malondialdehyde (P =0.004), Catalase indexes (Pvalue= 0.01), and Glutathione (P=0.001) in the training group and S. lavandulifolia groups after 12 months. Body weight, BMI, and SBP and Anexiety was decreased significantly greater in exercise +S. lavandulifolia group compared to control, exercise and S. lavandulifolia groups (P=0.001)ConclusionAnxiolytic effect and Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity was seen, so taking S. lavandulifolia along with exercises may have beneficial effects on reinforcement the antioxidant system and prevention of anxiety and The negative effects of indicators related to cardiovascular disease in women with metabolic syndrome.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Three Post-Harvest Rehabilitation Treatments for Runoff and Sediment Reduction on Skid Trails in the Hyrcanian Forests

Croatian journal of forest engineering ◽

10.5552/crojfe.2020.732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 309-324

Author(s):

Meghdad Jourgholami ◽

Masoumeh Ahmadi ◽

Farzam Tavankar ◽

Rodolfo Picchio

Keyword(s):

Leaf Litter ◽

Sediment Yield ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Levels ◽

Runoff And Sediment Yield

Ground-based skidding operations can lead to soil compaction and displacement, which could cause negative effects on forest soil. Hence, some efforts such as forestry best management practices (BMPs) must be implemented in the prone area to mitigate these possible impacts. Several materials and treatments have been adopted to suppress these adverse effects by increasing the ground cover. However, the effects of mulch treatments on runoff and sediment yield are inconclusive with a diverse range of effectiveness. For these reasons, in this research mulch treatments were tested as to determine how the application of organic mulch amendments such as straw and leaf litter and contour-felled logs would alleviate the runoff and sediment yield on machine operating trails and ensure successful hillslope stabilization. The aims of the study were to analyse and compare the effectiveness of leaf litter (LM) and straw mulch (SM) rate and different distances of contour-felled logs (CFL) to mitigate the runoff and sediment yield, and examine the impact of rainfall intensity on effectiveness of litter mulch, straw mulch, and contour-felled logs. Totally, 30 bounded runoff plots in the machine operating trails and four treatments including litter mulch (LMR1: 0.62, LMR2: 1.24, and LMR3: 1.86 kg m-2), straw mulch (SMR1: 0.45, SMR2: 0.92, and SMR3: 1.34 kg m-2), contour-felled logs (CFL10: 10, CFL20: 20, and CFL30: 30 m), and untreated area were established in triplicate with 4 m width and 100 m length. During the study period, the runoff and sediment yield in the untreated trails (U) were 2.36 mm and 11.84 g m-2. Straw (from 41.5 to 60.6%) and litter mulch (from 38.1 to 55.1%), and contour-felled logs treatments (from 70.8 to 88.1%) significantly decreased the runoff, compared to U treatment. Results show that mulch treatments with three different levels of Litter Mulch Rate, LMR1, LMR2, and LMR3 decreased mean sediment by 46.6, 64.0 and 71.8%, in the treatments with three different levels of Straw Mulch Rate, SMR1, SMR2, and SMR3 decreased mean sediment by 42.9, 62.1, and 69.9%, and in the treatments with three different distances of Contour-Felled Logs, CFL10, CFL20, and CFL30 decreased mean sediment by 90.6, 94.7 and 88.3% comparing to U, respectively. The relationships of the runoff and sediment responses to increasing mulching rate of litter and straw followed as negative logarithmic curves, but the decreasing-increasing trends were observed in runoff and sediment yield as the distance between contour-felled logs increased from 10 to 30 m. Polynomial regression equations were developed for predicting the runoff and sediment yield as a function of the application rate of litter and straw mulch and the distance between contour-felled logs, and rainfall intensity. We concluded that contour-felled logs treatment was more effective than both litter and straw mulch to mitigate the runoff, runoff coefficient, and sediment yield on machine operating trails. As a management measure, it could be possible to propose that the contour-felled logs with a distance of 20 m be prescribed to protect the machine operating trails from the negative effects of surface waterflow.

Download Full-text

Environment, tourism and planning

Glasnik srpskog geografskog drustva ◽

10.2298/gsgd0302019s ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stevan Stankovic

Keyword(s):

Tourism Development ◽

Modern Society ◽

International Tourism ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Tourism Planning ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Active Protection ◽

Foreign Tourism ◽

Different Levels ◽

Negative Phenomena

One of the characteristics of modern society are more massive tourist trends. Tourists overcame all parts of our planet and provoked line of positive and negative phenomena and processes. Positive dominate negative and that?s the reason why many countries develop domicile and foreign tourism. Environment and tourism perform indivisible totality. Contemporary tourism demands important areas of original or well protected environment, because only on this areas can be develops planned and brings economic and social advantages to domicile population (receptive) and to tourists (initiative). Science and practice for needs of tourism considers line of positive relations toward environment, because some of her elements are special tourist values. For need of tourism is underlines need of acceptation principles of active protection environment, because it is always better to plan, than to reclaim negative effects. In work which treats environment, modern tourism and planning, is appeared to scope of international tourism in world and dynamics of tourism development in a last six decades. It was special emphasized relations between tourism and nature, because in many countries offer of natural tourist values is more massive than offer of monuments. It is a word about need of nature protection for tourism, because nature is a real tourist value only when she is authentic or well protected. In second part it was analyzed importance of tourism planning on different levels, considering local and national traits in areas favorable for tourism development.

Download Full-text

2,4-D induction of somaclonal variations in in vitro grown date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv Barhee)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-777517/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emna Baklouti ◽

Thierry Beulé ◽

Amèni Nasri ◽

Amal Ben Romdhane ◽

Riadh Drira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Date Palm ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Proline Content ◽

Epigenetic Changes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Somaclonal Variations ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽

Free Media

Abstract The present study is a part of a program designed at improving the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhee, through induced somaclonal variation. In this work, caulogenic cultures were subcultured on MS media supplemented with 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L− 1 2,4-D in order to induce genetic and epigenetic variations. The highest doses of 2,4-D were found to induce severe negative effects on in vitro cultures, although some tissues were able to survive and to produce calli with high morphogenetic capacities. Our analysis showed some significant effect of 2,4-D on several physiological parameters. Indeed, chlorophyll and growth rates were found to drastically decrease while proline content increased from 535 nmol g− 1 to 2973 nmol g− 1 FW when 40 mg L− 1 2,4-D were used. In vitro cultures showed several signs of oxidative stress, such as high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA); likewise, the specific activity of several antioxidant enzyme was found to increase. Plant regeneration from in vitro cultures treated with 2,4-D was obtained after subculturing explants onto PGR-free media. The ISSR analysis of 2,4-D-treated material showed that this plant growth regulator (PGR) induced measurable genetic variations. The global DNA methylation rates (GMR) as estimated through the HPLC analysis of nucleosides also confirmed the presence of epigenetic changes caused by 2,4-D as GMRs increased from 13.8–18.93%.

Download Full-text